IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BAYU DI INDONESIA Soeripno MS WHyPGen B2TE- UNDP , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong Gd. 620 Cisauk Tangerang Selatan 15314
[email protected], www.whypgen-bppt.com
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INTERNAL Workshop – PERTAMINA Jakarta , 13 MEI , 2015
OUT LINES Tahapan Penelitian , Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan Energi Angin 1. Penelitian Potensi A. B. C. D.
22. 3. 4. 5.
Studi Bangku Pemilihan Lokasi Pemilihan Alat Ukur Monev dan Laporan
Merancang /Memilih M /M ilih Teknologi T k l i PLTB Study Kelayakan Wind Farm Perijinan Penutup
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KONFIGURASI IMPLEMENTASI PLTB Sistem Konfigurasi Stand alone systems y consist of several units of small scale WECS (up to 10 kW installed capacity per unit) provided with battery banks as a storage subsystems and inverters, depend on the user requirement. Hybrid system with other source and combined with diesel generating sets as back-up. Main function of generating sets is to take over the supply of electricity during low wind speed. Grid Interconnection system, the system can parallel be interconnected to the existing grid or into the power generating using generating sets.
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TAHAPAN PENELITIAN & PEMANFAATAN ENERGI ANGIN Data Angin
Design –Prototipe / Desain Pemanfaatan
Pemanfaatan SKEA
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APA SAJA YANG MEMPENGARUHI
ANGIN
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• Geostrophic pressure differences • Temperature • Roughness • Obstacles • Orography
upwin d
thermal s Wind from sea sea beach grass mountains
trees
hills
woods
buildings cities valleys &
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ANALISA SUMBER DAYA ANGIN
Parameter utama p potensi angin g
Kecepatan angin
Arah angin
Distribusi Frekuensi kecepatan dan arah angin
Data Iklim Angin
Data Pendukung lokasi potensi angin
P t Vektor Peta V kt
Peta Tutupan Lahan dan Penggunaan Lahan
Wind Shear
Intensitas Turbulensi Angin
Klasifikasi dan Potensi Angin sesuai IEC
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Peralatan Ukur Potensi Angin 7
Karakteristik Desain Turbin Angin Higher performance
Betz Limit 59.3%
Lower noise
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Jumlah sudu banyak >> putaran rendah, torsi tinggi Jumlah sudu sedikit >> putaran semakin tinggi , torsi semakin rendah Jumlah sudu 3 bilah >> yang optimal secara teknis dan ekonomis
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Teknologi Sistem Konversi Energi Angin (SKEA) Komponen Utama : 1. Rotor ( naf dan sudu ) 2.
Generator /alternator
3. Sistem Aorientasi arah 4.
Tower / menara
5. Pumpa (mechanical / electrical) 6. Sistem kontrol 7.
SKEA Mekanik
SKEA Elektrik
Pondasi
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PENGEMBANGAN WIND FARM 10
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WIND ENERG GY DEVELOPMENT T FLOW CHART et
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Technical and Commercial Environmental TechnicalConsideration and Commercial Consideration Environmental Consideration Consideration
Dialoge / Consultation Dialoge / Consultation
Intitial environmental Intitial environmental analysis analysis covering planning Dset based stdies covering wind covering planning framework, Dset based stdies covering wind resource, framework, landscape Preliminary consultation, Preliminary consultation, local resource, electrical connection, landscape classification, visual electrical connection, access requirements, classification, visual effects planning local planning authority authority and major access requirements, site effects ecology, archaelogy , Site site capacity and site ownership ecology, archaelogy , and major consultees Site consultees capacity and site ownership recreationrecreation and Selection and Selection telecommunications telecommunications Phase Phase
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Phase Phase
Agreement lcal Start On site survey covering Agreement with with lcal od public Start public On site resource, survey covering wind authority the consultation, introduction wind existing landresource, planningplanning authority the scope consultation, existing land use, site access ground scope of the use, site access ground of the environmental of introduction project ofto project local Project Project conditions, electrical electrical connectionassessment and environmental to be conducted community and interest Feasibilit conditions, to local community and Feasibilit draft design and draft design to be groups connection in phaseassessment 3 y y interest groups conducted in phase 3
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Phase Phase
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Detail Project Assessme Feasibilit y nt
Continuing assessment covering wind resource monitoring and economic viability
Preparation of statutory environmental aseessment (if required by local planning authority)
Continuing consultation local planning authority, statutory consultees, local community and other 12 interest groups
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Technical and Commercial Consideration
Environmental Consideration
Dialoge / Consultation
Phase
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Planning Aplication
Submission of planning application and environmental statement (if required by local planning authority)
Phase
5
Construction
Site policy
management
Adoption of environmental Management plan. Implementation of planning condition and agreement
Contiuning information provision by developer. Consideration given to formulation of community leson group
Continuing environmental monitoring of wind energy project which should provide information for further project
Implementation of programme for responding to inquires to operation of prject
Phase
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Operation
Phase
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13 Removal of turbins and associated equipment Land reinstatement
GAMBARAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK LOKASI
Deskripsi Umum
Bandara dan Fasilitas Navigasi Udara
Fasilitas Komunikasi Elektronik
Penerimaan masyarakat
Keterbatasan Area
Kondisi Permukaan Tanah dan Jenis Tutupan Lahan
Akses Jalan dan Ketersediaan Crane
Internal Akses Road
Kendala Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Perijinan
Resiko Gempa Bumi
Lingkungan
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ANALISA BEBAN DAN KAJIAN KELISTRIKAN Tak terhubung grid Jumlah dan sebaran konsumen , Single line diagram , Proyeksi kurva beban , Konsumen non rumah tangga Terhubung grid Kurva beban eksisting , Single line diagram eksisting , Tegangan, frekuensi dan arus , Jarak ke grid Pengkabelan Konsep Pengkabelan , Jenis Kabel , Jaringan Pembumian , Penentuan group , Gardu / Station switching Koneksi Jaringan Jalur over head , Jalur bawah tanah, Jalur Jalur Distribusi , Gardu Induk
Transmisi, 16
Studi Aliran Daya
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PEMILIHAN DAN PENENTUAN TURBIN ANGIN
Parameter dan Data Teknis Turbin Angin
Kurva Daya dan Densitas Udara
Pemilihan Turbin Angin
Sofware Pendukung
Output p Energi g dari Turbin Angin g
Rugi-rugi ketidakpastian 17
Kurva Karakteristik Daya Turbin Angin 250
Power Output (k kW)
Rated Power
200
150
100
50
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
Wind Speed (m/s) Cut‐in = 3 m/s (7 mph, 11 km/h)
Cut‐out = 25 m/s (56 mph, 90 km/h)
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Distribusi Weibull 25
Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 1.5 20
Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 2
Frequency (%)
Ave = 6 m/s, Weibull = 3 15
Capacity Factor:
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29% 27%
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24% 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Wind Speed
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Menghitung Energi Output Tahunan Kurva distribusi kecepatan angin
Annual Energy Production : E = A = rotor swept area (m2)η
Kurva daya turbin angin
η(ED) A
(in kWh);
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PENILAIAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN Latar Belakang Ijin Lingkungan Dampak Lingkungan Pada Pembangkit Listrik Penilaian Dampak Lingkungan • Potensi Dampak Lingkungan • Dampak dari Suara Turbin • Dampak dari Cahaya (refleksi blade) • Dampak terhadap Kehidupan Kelelawar dan Burung AMDAL, AMDAL UKL dan d UPL • Analisa Dampak Lingkungan • Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan • Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan Institusi dan Pelaksana Pengelolaan Dan Pemantauan Lingkungan
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IJIN LINGKUNGAN
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Environmental Impact
ASPEK LEGAL
P Penggunaan L h , peta kepemilikan Lahan k ilik dll
Lahan Konservasi , Taman Nasional
Rencana Tata Ruang Penggunaan Lahan
Badan Hukum Pengelola (Koperasi, Perusda KSO, dll)
AD/ART organisasi Pengelola
Kelaikan Operasi (SLO)
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BIAYA PEMBANGUNAN PLTB Biaya Produksi energi Biaya tetap tahunan Biaya Operasional dan Perawatan tahunan
Analisa Finansial PLTB
Net Present Value (NPV) Internal rate of Return (IRR) Discount Rate Pay Back Period (ROI) Profitability Index (PI)
Biaya Pengembangan PLTB
Asumsi Dasar Biaya Investasi Proyek Biaya EPC Biaya Pengembangan Biaya Lain-lain Biaya Overnight Biaya selama konstruksi (IDC)
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MANFAAT PLTB BAGI EKONOMI, SDM DAN LINGKUNGAN Penghematan bahan bakar minyak Peningkatan nilai tambah komoditi local (industry local) Fasilitas Pendidikan dan kesehatan Peningkatan standard kualitas hidup Akses informasi Penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca 27
KONFIGURASI IMPLEMENTASI PLTB Sistem Konfigurasi Stand alone systems y consist of several units of small scale WECS (up to 10 kW installed capacity per unit) provided with battery banks as a storage subsystems and inverters, depend on the user requirement. Hybrid system with other source and combined with diesel generating sets as back-up. Main function of generating sets is to take over the supply of electricity during low wind speed. Grid Interconnection system, the system can parallel be interconnected to the existing grid or into the power generating using generating sets.
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Terima Kasih www. whypgen-bppt.com
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