TUGAS AKHIR
LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR
HOTEL BISNIS DI KOTA SEMARANG DENGAN PENEKANAN KONSEP DESAIN GREEN ARCHITECTURE DIAJUKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI SEBAGIAN PERSYARATAN GUNA MEMPEROLEH GELAR SARJANA TEKNIK DISUSUN OLEH:
NAMA : LUCKYTTA PANGESTY NIM : 21020111120015
DOSEN PEMBIMBING:
DR. IR. ATIK SUPRAPTI, MT DR. IR. EDDY PRIANTO, CES, DEA DOSEN PENGUJI:
IR. DHANOE ISWANTO, MT IR. BUDI SUDARWANTO, MT
PROGRAM STUDI S1-TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2015
ABSTRAK Semarang adalah Ibukota Jawa tengah dan merupakan salah satu kota besar di Indonesia. Semarang sebagai kota perdagangan dan jasa menyebabkan banyaknya orang melakukan bisnis dan metting/rapat-rapat. Hal itu menyebabkan banyak tumbuh berkembang hotel-hotel yang memiliki banyak ruang pertemuan, sehingga Kota Semarang berproses menuju wisata Kota Meeting, Incentive, Conference, dan Exhibition atau MICE. (Joko Susanto, 2015) Pemerintah Kota Semarang menargetkan pertumbuhan industri pariwisata sebanyak 20% seiring dengan potensi Semarang sebagai sebagai kota MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition).(Fahmi, 2014) Kota Semarang sendiri memiliki banyak potensi wisata salah satunya Kota Lama, Lawang Sewu, wisata religi dan bermacam pusat kuliner yang menarik wisatawan berkunjung di wilayah ini. Kepala Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Semarang Masdiana Safitri mengatakan potensi MICE di Semarang terus ditonjolkan untuk menarik jumlah kunjungan wisatawan. Selain itu, wilayah ini memiliki keunggulan dari sisi infrastruktur bandara, pelabuhan dan adanya beberapa jumlah kampus. Dengan melakukan rapat dan study tour pengunjung bisa lama di Kota Semarang. Dengan para wisatawan datang, akan mampir ketempat kuliner untuk membeli buah tangan. Hal inilah yang menjadi keuntungan tersendiri sebagai salah satu faktor untuk mengembangkan perekonomian kota Semarang. Selain kuliner, sektor transportasi juga menyumbang nilai lebih pada bidang ekonomi. Perkembangan ekonomi di Kota Semarang meningkat tiap tahunnya, sehingga seiring meningkatnya perekonomian dan jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung memerlukan sebuah hotel bisnis yang dapat mewadahi kegiatan bisnis dan wisata di Kota Semarang.
Kata kunci : Hotel Bisnis, MICE, Semarang
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KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji dan syukur terhaturkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat rahmat dan kuasa-Nya penyusun telah dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan naskah Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (LP3A) ini dengan baik. LP3A berjudul Hotel Bisnis di Kota Semarang pada Tugas Akhir periode 131/53 ini diajukan guna memenuhi sebagian persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik di Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro. Penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya naskah LP3A ini, antara lain :
1. DR. Ir. Atik Suprapti, MT selaku dosen pembimbing utama. 2. DR. Ir. Eddy Suprapto, CES, DEA selaku dosen pembimbing kedua. 3. Ir. Dhanoe Iswanto, MT selaku dosen penguji. 4. Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, MT selaku dosen penguji. 5. Ir. Bambang Adji Murtomo, M.SA selaku Koordinator Tugas Akhir Periode 131/53. 6. Edward Endrianto Pandelaki, ST, MT, Phd selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro. 7. Orang tua, keluarga, teman-teman TA 131/53 angkatan 2011, dan seluruh civitas akademika JAFT UNDIP. 8. Semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam penyusunan LP3A ini.
Kemudian, penyusun juga ingin menyampaikan permohonan maaf jika dalam naskah yang ditulis terkandung materi yang kurang berkenan atau mengandung kesalahan yang tidak disengaja. Akhir kata, penyusun berharap semoga tulisan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca sekalian, khususnya bagi mahasiswa Jurusan Arsitektur Universitas Diponegoro lainnya sebagai bahan referensi yang berharga dan dapat dikembangkan di kemudian hari. Semarang, 05 Oktober 2015
Penulis |vi
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ................................................................................................................................. i Halaman Pernyataan Orisinalitas .................................................................................................... ii Lembar Pengesahan ........................................................................................................................ iii Halaman Pernyataan Persetujuan Publikasi ................................................................................... iv Abstrak ............................................................................................................................................ v Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................................................ vi Daftar Isi ........................................................................................................................................... vii Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................................................ x Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Lampiran .............................................................................................................................. xiii BAB 1. Pendahuluan ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Sasaran ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Manfaat ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................................................ 2 1.5. Metode Pembahasan ............................................................................................................... 2 1.6. Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 2 1.7 Alur Pikir .................................................................................................................................... 4 BAB 2. Tinjauan Pustaka ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Tinjauan Umum Hotel ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Definisi Hotel ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Sejarah dan Perkembangan ............................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Klasifikasi Hotel .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Pedoman Perencanaan Hotel ............................................................................................ 8 2.1.5 Analisa Pengunjung ........................................................................................................... 9 2.1.6 Aktifitas ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.7. Fasilitas ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.7 Organisasi Ruang................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Penekanan Desain Green Architecture ...................................................................................... 13 2.2.1. Pengertian Green Architecture ........................................................................................ 13 2.2.2. Ciri – Ciri Green Architecture ............................................................................................ 13 2.3. Studi Banding ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Jambuluwuk Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta ........................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Oak Tree Hotel Semarang ................................................................................................. 19 2.3.3 Santika Premiere Yogyakarta ............................................................................................. 23 2.4. Hasil Studi Banding ................................................................................................................... 26
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BAB 3. Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Semarang ................................................................................................ 31 3.1.1. Geografis ........................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.2. Iklim .................................................................................................................................. 31 3.1.3. Topografi ........................................................................................................................... 32 3.1.4. Kependudukan .................................................................................................................. 33 3.1.5. Perekonomian ................................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Kebijakan Tata Ruang Wilayah ................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Data Pariwisata dan Bisnis Kota Semarang ............................................................................... 40 3.4.Perkembangan Hotel Di Kota Semarang.................................................................................... 43 BAB 4 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ........................................................................... 48 4.1. Kesimpulan................................................................................................................................ 48 4.2. Batasan...................................................................................................................................... 48 4.3 Anggapan ................................................................................................................................... 49 BAB 5 Pendekatan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur .................................. 50 5.1. Dasar Pendekatan ..................................................................................................................... 50 5.2. Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional .................................................................................................. 50 5.2.1. Pendekatan Klasifikasi Hotel ............................................................................................. 50 5.2.2. Pendekatan Pelaku dan Kegiatan ..................................................................................... 51 5.2.3. Pendekatan Jenis dan Fungsi Ruang ................................................................................. 53 5.2.4. Pendekatan Hubungan Kelompok Ruang ......................................................................... 56 5.2.5. Pendekatan Sirkulasi ......................................................................................................... 57 5.2.6. Pendekatan Jumlah Pengunjung....................................................................................... 58 5.2.7. Pendekatan Kapasitas Ruang ............................................................................................ 59 5.2.8. Pendekatan Jumlah Pengelola .......................................................................................... 62 5.2.9. Pendekatan Besaran Ruang .............................................................................................. 63 5.2.10. Pendekatan Program Ruang ........................................................................................... 63 5.3. Pendekatan Aspek Kontekstual ................................................................................................ 72 5.3.1. Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................................................... 72 5.3.2. Alternatif Tapak ................................................................................................................ 73 5.3.3. Pendekatan Tapak Terpilih ............................................................................................... 74 5.4. Pendekatan Aspek Teknis ......................................................................................................... 76 5.4.1. Pendekatan Sistem Struktur Bangunan ............................................................................ 76 5.4.2. Pendekatan Bahan Bangunan ........................................................................................... 76 5.5. Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja ........................................................................................................ 77 5.5.1. Persyaratan Bangunan ...................................................................................................... 77 5.5.2. Pendekatan Utilitas ........................................................................................................... 78 5.5.3. Sirkulasi dan Parkir............................................................................................................ 82 5.6. Pendekatan Aspek Arsitektural ................................................................................................. 82 5.6.1. Penekanan Desain............................................................................................................. 82 5.6.2. Tampilan Bangunan .......................................................................................................... 82
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BAB 6 Konsep Perencanaan dan Program Dasar Perancangan ............................................... 83 6.1. Konsep Dasar Perencanaan ...................................................................................................... 83 6.1.1. Program Ruang ................................................................................................................. 83 6.2. Studi Besaran Tapak .................................................................................................................. 86 6.3 Program Dasar Perancangan ..................................................................................................... 87 6.3.1. Perancangan Pola Hubungan Kawasan Hotel .................................................................. 87 6.3.2. Perancangan Bangunan dan Ruang Kawasan Hotel ........................................................ 87 6.3.3. Perancangan Green Architecture .................................................................................... 87 6.3.4. Perancangan Sistem Struktur dan Konstruksi Hotel ........................................................ 88 6.3.5. Perancangan Mekanikal – Elektrikal dan Utilitas Hotel ................................................... 88 Daftar Pustaka ...................................................................................................................... 90 Lampiran .............................................................................................................................. 92
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1.8. Organisasi Ruang Hotel Menurut Fungsinya ........................................................... 12 Gambar 2.1.8. Organisasi Ruang Hotel Menurut Sifatnya .............................................................. 12 Gambar 2.3.1. Business Center ....................................................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.3.1. Area Meeting ........................................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.3.1. Perpustakaan .......................................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.3.1. Kolam Renang ......................................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.3.1 Restaurant ................................................................................................................ 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Café dan Bar ............................................................................................................ 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Wedding Chapel ...................................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Fitness Center .......................................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Area Making Batik ................................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Area Bermain Anak .................................................................................................. 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Fasiilitas SPA ............................................................................................................ 16 Gambar 2.3.1. Superior Room ........................................................................................................ 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Deluxe Room ........................................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Deluxe Premiere Room ........................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Junior Suite Room ................................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Jambuluwuk Suite Room ......................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Gajah Mada Suite Room .......................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.3.1. Eksterior Hotel ......................................................................................................... 18 Gambar 2.3.1. Ornamen Eksterior Bangunan ................................................................................. 18 Gambar 2.3.2. Ruang Rapat ............................................................................................................ 19 Gambar 2.3.2. Ballroom .................................................................................................................. 19 Gambar 2.3.2. Pool Bar ................................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.3.2. Gym ......................................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.3.2. Swimming Pool ........................................................................................................ 19 Gambar 2.3.2. Lounge ..................................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3.2. Restaurant ............................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3.2. Deluxe Room ........................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3.2. Executive Room ....................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3.2. Suite Room .............................................................................................................. 21 Gambar 2.3.2. Presidential Room ................................................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.3.2. Eksterior .................................................................................................................. 21 Gambar 2.3.3. Meeting Room ......................................................................................................... 23 Gambar 2.3.3. Pandansari Restaurant ............................................................................................ 24 Gambar 2.3.3. Pandansari Terrace .................................................................................................. 24 Gambar 2.3.3. Samudra Lounge ...................................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.3.3. Lobby Lounge .......................................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.3.3. Pool ......................................................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.3.3. Deluxe Room ........................................................................................................... 25 Gambar 2.3.3. Executive Room ....................................................................................................... 25 Gambar 2.3.3. Premiere Room ....................................................................................................... 25 Gambar 2.3.3. Eksterior .................................................................................................................. 25 |x
Gambar 3.1. Peta Kota Semarang ................................................................................................... 30 Gambar 3.2. Peta Pembagian BWK ................................................................................................. 39 Gambar 6.1. Site Rencana Perancangan Hotel ............................................................................... 87
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.4. Tabel Hasil Studi Banding ............................................................................................... 28 Tabel 2.4. Rumusan Manfaat Studi Banding ................................................................................... 30 Tabel 3.1.4. Jumlah dan Pertumbuhan Penduduk Kota Semarang ................................................ 33 Tabel 3.1.5. Rata – Rata Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Per Tahun Kota Semarang Tahun 2007 - 2012 .. 34 Tabel 3.1.5. Pertumbuhan Sektor Ekonomi Kota Semarang Tahun 2009 – 2012 ........................... 35 Tabel 3.2. Pembagian Wilayah Pengembangan dan Bagian Wilayah Kota Semarang .................... 38 Tabel 3.3. Jumlah Objek Wisata yang Ada di Kota Semarang ......................................................... 40 Tabel 3.3. Jumlah Event – Event yang Diadakan di Kota Semarang ............................................... 40 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Asing yang Berkunjung ke Kota Semarang .......................................... 40 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Nusantara yang Berkunjung ke Kota Semarang ................................. 40 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Asing yang Menginap di Hotel Kota Semarang ................................... 41 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Nusantara Menginap di Hotel Kota Semarang ................................... 41 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Asing yang Menginap di Hotel Bisnis Kota Semarang ......................... 41 Tabel 3.3. Data Wisatawan Nusantara yang Menginap di Hotel Bisnis Kota Semarang ................. 42 Tabel 3.3. Pebisnis yang Melakukan Kegiatan Bisnis dan Investasi di Hotel Bisnis Kota Semarang Tidak Menginap .............................................................................................................. 42 Tabel 3.3. Pebisnis yang Melakukan Kegiatan Bisnis dan Investasi di Hotel Bisnis Kota Semarang Menginap ........................................................................................................................ 42 Tabel 3.3. Pebisnis yang Menginap dan Tidak Menginap di Hotel BIsnis Kota Semarang .............. 43 Tabel 3.3. Data Pengunjung yang Menginap di Hotel Bisnis .......................................................... 43 Tabel 3.3. Data Pengunjung Keseluruhan Hotel Bisnis ................................................................... 43 Tabel 3.3. Jumlah Hotel Berbintang Kota Semarang ...................................................................... 44 Tabel 3.3. Jumlah Kamar Tersedia .................................................................................................. 44 Tabel 3.3. Jumlah Kamar Tersedia di Hotel Bisnis ........................................................................... 45 Tabel 3.3. Rata – Rata Lama Menginap ........................................................................................... 46 Tabel 5.2.2. Pelaku dan Kegiatan .................................................................................................... 51 Tabel 5.2.3. Fungsi dan Fasilitas Ruang ........................................................................................... 55 Tabel 5.2.6. Data Pengunjung yang Menginap di Hotel Bisnis ....................................................... 57 Tabel 5.2.7.a. Rata – Rata Jumlah Kamar ........................................................................................ 59 Tabel 5.2.7. Perbandingan Tipe Kamar Studi Banding .................................................................... 60 Tabel 5.2.7. Tipe dan Jenis Kamar ................................................................................................... 61 Tabel 5.2.8. Pendekatan Jumlah Pengelola .................................................................................... 62 Tabel 5.2.9. Acuan Standar Perencanaan ....................................................................................... 63 Tabel 5.2.10. Sirkulasi Berdasarkan Tingkat Kenyamanan .............................................................. 63 Tabel 5.2.11. Pendekatan Kebutuhan dan Standar Ruang ............................................................. 71 Tabel 5.2.11. Perhitungan Pendekatan Program Ruang Luar ......................................................... 71 Tabel 5.2.11. Rekapitulasi Jumlah Ruang Outdoor ......................................................................... 72 Tabel 5.2.11. Rekapitulasi Pendekatan Program Ruang ................................................................. 72 Tabel 6.1.1. Program Ruang Hotel Bisnis di Kota Semarang ........................................................... 86 Tabel 6.1.1. Program Ruang Kelompok Ruang Parkir ..................................................................... 86 Tabel 6.1.1. Program Ruang Kelompok Ruang Luar (Outdoor) ....................................................... 86 Tabel 6.1.1. Rekapitulasi Kelompok Kegiatan ................................................................................. 87 |xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN 1. Lembar Asistensi 2. Berita Acara
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