GYAKORISÁGOT KIFEJEZŐ IDŐHATÁROZÓK (Milyen gyakran?) ● Ezek nem határozzák meg, hogy a cselekvés a múltban, jelenben vagy a jövőben történik-e, csak azt, hogy milyen gyakorisággal. ● Mellettük mindig egyszerű (jelen, múlt vagy jövő) igeidő áll. ● Kérdezés a gyakoriságra: HOW OFTEN? = Milyen gyakran? ● Helyük a mondatban lehet a főige előtt vagy a mondat végén. Közvetlenül a főige előtt állók - általában azok, amelyek 1 szóból állnak NEVER (soha) – Mj.: Az angolok nem tagadnak kétszer, ezért (a magyartól eltérően) e mellett az időhatározó mellett nincs további tagadás (mivel a ’soha’ már eleve tagad)!
pl. Soha nem iszom alkoholt. = I never drink alcohol ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ tagad tagad tagad nem tagad
HARDLY EVER
SELDOM (ritkán)
(hébe-hóba, nagyon ritkán)
pl. We seldom buy cars.
pl. He hardly ever wakes up in time. (Nagyon ritkán
(Ritkán veszünk autót.)
RARELY (ritkán)
(Néha palacsintát eszik reggelire.)
kel fel időben.)
GENERALLY (általában)
SOMETIMES (néha)
pl. I rarely go to the theatre. pl. She sometimes eats (Ritkán megyek színházba.) pankaces for breakfast.
USUALLY
(általában, szokásosan)
pl. Tom generally arrives on time.
pl. They usually sleep a lot.
(Tom általában pontosan érkezik.)
(Általában sokat alszanak.)
FREQUENTLY (gyakran, gyakorta)
REGULARLY
pl. We often go for a pl. We regularly go running walk. in the afternoon. (Gyakran megyünk (Rendszeresen elmegyünk futni sétálni.) délután.)
ALWAYS (mindig)
pl. You always tell lies. pl. Helen frequently visits (Mindig hazudozol.) her granny. (Helen gyakran meglátogatja a nagymamáját.)
OFTEN (gyakran)
(rendszeresen, rendszerint)
- Ha a főige előtt van segédige, az időhatározó beékelődik a segédige és a főige közé. pl. Do you sometimes eat spinach? (Eszel néha spenótot?) ↓ ↓ ↓ segédige
időhatározó beékelve a főige elé
főige
They didn’t often go to the cinema. (Nem mentek gyakran moziba.) I will always love you. (Mindig szeretni foglak.) ● KIVÉVE: ha a főige a LÉTIGE egymagában Ilyenkor ezek az időhatározók nem a létige előtt, hanem közvetlenül utána állnak, kérdéskor pedig közvetlenül az alany után. pl. They are usually at home. (Általában otthon vannak.) ↓ ↓ létige
időhatározó a létige után
We weren’t often there. (Nem voltunk ott gyakran.) Was she always kind? (Mindig kedves volt?) (De: ha a létigét megelőzi egy segédige, akkor ez nem érvényes! pl. She will often be there. (Sokszor lesz ott.)) Mj.: ● Bár rendes helyük a főige előtt van, ki lehet emelni őket a mondat elejére, ha hangsúlyt akarunk adni nekik. Elsősorban a „sometimes” időhatározót szokták elölre helyezni. pl. We sometimes quarrel. → Sometimes we quarrel. (Mindkettő: Néha veszekszünk.) ↓ ↓ rendes helyén a mondat elejére kiemelve ● Az „often” időhatározót nyomatékosíthajuk a „very” (= nagyon) vagy a „so” (= annyira, olyan) szóval, ám ekkor már a mondat végére kerül az időhatározó! pl. We often quarrel. → We quarrel very often. (Nagyon gyakran veszekszünk.) (Gyakran veszekszünk.) We quarrel so often! (Olyan gyakran veszekszünk!)
A mondat végén állók EVERY day / week / month / year / morning etc. (minden nap, héten, hónapban, évben, reggel) pl. I go to the cinema every weekend. (Minden hétvégén elmegyek moziba.) ONCE/TWICE/THREE TIMES/FOUR TIMES etc. A day/week/month etc. (egyszer/kétszer/háromszor/négyszer stb. egy nap / héten / hónapban stb. VAGY: naponta/ hetente / havonta egyszer/kétszer/háromszor stb.) pl. She cleans her teeth twice a day. (Naponta kétszer mos fogat.) ONCE/TWICE/THREE TIMES etc. IN two/three etc. weeks/months etc. (kéthetente/kéthavonta / háromhetente/háromhavonta stb. egyszer/kétszer/háromszor stb. VAGY: két évben / két hónapban egyszer/kétszer/háromszor stb.) pl. The Olympic Games are held once in four years. (Az Olimpiát négyévente egyszer rendezik meg.)
1) Put the time adverbials given in brackets into the sentences.
We were at home. (always)
She drinks coffee. (never)
We watch TV. (six times a week)
They will go to the cinema. (often)
I wash my hair. (once I clean my teeth. a week) (twice a day)
We drink alcohol. (rarely)
They visited their friends. (sometimes)
I have breakfast. (every morning)
Tom drinks gin. (hardly ever)
Mr. Lee is angry. (usually)
Mrs. Boyd will play golf. (often)
2) Rewrite each sentence, placing the adverb in brackets in the correct position. e.g. John listens to me (never) John never listens to me 1. I have cereals for breakfast. (sometimes) 2. My team will win. (never) 3. My sister is very generous. (usually) 4. John is upset. (always) 5. He was so annoying! (sometimes) 6. I will meet him. (rarely) 7. The Addisons go for a walk (every afternoon) 8. They have breakfast at 7. (every day) 9. They go shopping to the mall. (once a week) 10. They watched TV. (often) 11. They surf the internet. (hardly ever) 12. They are tired. (usually) 3) Compose sentences using the verbs in Present Simple and placing the adverb in brackets in the correct position. 1. Jim/ play tennis/ after school. (never) 2. Mary/ meet/ her friends/ at a café. (often)
3. I/ be/ late/ for school. (never) 4. They/ make/ their beds in the morning. (sometimes) 5. Carla/ cook/ dinner/ on Sundays. (rarely) 4) Arrange the words to make up sentences. 1. often / you / how / go / did / swimming How ______________________________________? 2. usually / went / I / week / once / a / there I _________________________________________. 3. never / I / swam / the / in / sea I_________________________________________. 4. cold / the / always / too / water / was The ______________________________________. 5. sometimes / we / football / play We _______________________________________. 6. often / the / she / to / go / how / does / cinema How ______________________________________? 7. always / bus / is / late / the The _______________________________________. 8. hungry / am / in / I / morning / never / the I __________________________________________. 9. week / football / times / play / three / Ron / a / will Ron _______________________________________. 10. do / homework / often / do / in / TV / front / the / your / of / you Do _______________________________________? 11. class / are / there / karate / many / people / at / never / my There _____________________________________. 12. coffee / sometimes / has / Dan / breakfast / for Dan ______________________________________. 13. did / bus / homework / on / sometimes / they / their / the They _____________________________________. 14. have / lunch / a / they / hamburger / twice / for / day They _____________________________________. 15. school / usually / to / we / cycled We _______________________________________. 16. school / Anna / always / is / for / late Anna _____________________________________.
5) Complete the text about the weather in England with the correct adverb. I _____ (never/always) watch the weather forecast on television to see what tomorrow's weather will be like. In England the weather changes very _____ (always/often). It's very changeable. _____ (Sometimes/Always) it rains for a day or two, but after the wet weather, _____ (never/often) with noisy thunderstorms, it is _____ (never/sometimes) dry for a long time, with no rain at all. On some days the sun shines and the sky is clear, but on other days it is so cloudy that you don’t see the sun. English summers aren't _____ (never/usually) very hot but the temperature _____ (usually/never) reaches 25 Cº, so it's quite warm. In winter it is _____ (always/sometimes)
quite mild and pleasant but _____ (sometimes/always) it's very cold or even freezing. The English climate isn't very good for holiday but it makes the countryside green. 6) Which sentence is correct? 1 I never go there. I go never there. Never I go there. 2 I usually get up at six-thirty. I get usually up at six-thirty. 3 I will often go there. I often will go there. Both 4 Generally, I don't read a newspaper. I don't read a newspaper generally. Both
5 Rarely I go there. I rarely go there. Both 6 I am frequently late for work. I frequently am late for work. Both 7 I was on always time. I was always on time. Both
7) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Gyakran otthon ebédelek. 2. A szomszédunk minden hónapban elutazik Bécsbe. 3. Havonta négyszer megyünk moziba. 4. Hetente kétszer járok úszni. 5. Mark néha rántottát fog enni reggelire. 6. Néha szeretek egyedül lenni. 7. Olyan gyakran késel el! 8. Ritkán szoktunk operába menni. 9. Paul és Simon hetente kétszer mennek horgászni. 10. Gyakran vacsoráztunk étteremben. 11. Naponta négyszer sétáltatom meg a kutyámat. 12. A nagybátyám minden nap elmegy futni. 13. Mindig gyalog fogok iskolába menni. 14. Peter ritkán megy színházba. 15. Minden nap sok ember van a bankban. 16. Nem mindig szoktunk diszkóba menni. 17. Soha nem gondolsz rám! 18. Mary nem szokott gyakran fogat mosni, ezért a fogai sárgák. 19. Sue és Mike soha nem mondtak igazat. 20. Minden héten elmegyek a parkba, de semmi nem történik. (Nincs kettős tagadás!) 21. Milyen gyakran mosol? 22. Általában mit reggelizel? 23. Milyen gyakran szoktál TV-t nézni? 24. Gyakran dolgozol a kertben? 25. Milyen gyakran szoktál hegedülni?
KEY: 1) We were always at home. She never drinks coffee. We watch TVsix times a week. They will often go to the cinema. 2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I wash my hair once a week. I clean my teeth twice a day. We rarely drink alcohol. They sometimes visited their friends.
I sometimes have cereals for breakfast. My team will never win. My sister is usually very generous. John is always upset. He was sometimes so annoying! I will rarely meet him.
3) 1. Jim never plays tennis after school. 2. Mary often meets her friends at a café. 3. I am never late for school.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
4. 5.
I have breakfast every morning. Mrs. Boyd will often play golf. Tom hardly ever drinks gin. Mr. Lee is usually angry.
The Addisons go for a walk every afternoon. They have breakfast at 7 every day. They go shopping to the mall once a week. They often watched TV. They hardly ever surf the internet. They are usually tired.
They sometimes make their beds in the morning. Carla rarely cooks dinner on Sundays.
4) 1. How often do you go swimming? 9. Ron will play football three times a week. 2. I usually went there once a week. 10. Do you often do your homework in front of the TV? 3. I never swam in the sea. 11. There are never many people at my karate class. 4. The water was always too cold. 12. Dan sometimes has coffee for breakfast. 5. We sometimes play football. 13. They sometimes did their homework on the bus. 6. How often does she go to the cinema? 14. They have a hamburger for lunch twice a day. 7. The bus is always late. 15. We usually cycled to school. 8. I am never hungry in the morning. 16. Anna is always late for school. 5) I always watch the weather forecast on television to see what tomorrow's weather will be like. In England the weather changes very often. It's very changeable. Sometimes it rains for a day or two, but after the wet weather, often with noisy thunderstorms, it is sometimes dry for a long time, with no rain at all. On some days the sun shines and the sky is clear, but on other days it is so cloudy that you don’t see the sun. English summers aren't usually very hot but the temperature usually reaches 25 Cº, so it's quite warm. In winter it is sometimes quite mild and pleasant but sometimes it's very cold or even freezing. The English climate isn't very good for holiday but it makes the countryside green. 6) 1 I never go there. 4 Both 6 I am frequently late 7 I was always on time. 2 I usually get up at six-thirty. 5 I rarely go there. for work. 3 I will often go there. 7) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
I often have lunch at home. Our neighbour travels to Vienna every month. We go to the cinema four times a month. I go swimming twice a week. Mark will sometimes eat scrambled eggs for breakfast. Sometimes I like being alone. You are late so often! We rarely go to the opera. Paul and Simon go fishing twice a week. We often had dinner at a restaurant. I walk my dog four times a day. My uncle goes running every day. I will always go to school on foot.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Peter rarely goes to the theatre. There are a lot of people at the bank every day. We don’t always go to the disco. You never think of me! Mary doesn’t often wash her teeth so her teeth are yellow. Sue and Mike never told the truth. I go to the park every week but nothing happens. How often do you wash? What do you usually have for breakfast? How often do you watch TV? Do you often work in the garden? How often do you play the violin?
