PERTEMUAN VI
Febrian
Kode Mata Kuliah
6715320445
Semester
4 (empat)
SKS
2 (dua)
Prodi/Fakultas
S1 Informatika / F.T
APA YANG SUDAH KITA PELAJARI…..
DEFINISI LEARNING DAN E-LEARNING
MODEL-MODEL E-LEARNING RAGAM MEDIA E-LEARNING Febrian
STRATEGI DALAM MEMBANGUN E-LEARNING
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INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS DESIGN (ISD) systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/InstructionalDesign.htm Web-based Instruction: A Guide for Libraries Oleh Susan Sharpless Smith Febrian
Febrian
ISD • ADDIE - refers to Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate. This is possibly the best known design model, and is frequently used in academic circles.
• Algo-Heuristic - "The theory suggests that all cognitive activities can be analyzed into operations of an algorithmic, semi-algorithmic, heuristic, or semi-heuristic nature. Once discovered, these operations and their systems can serve as the basis for instructional strategies and methods. The theory specifies that students ought to be taught not only knowledge but the algorithms and heuristics of experts as well."
• Dick and Carey Model - "The Dick and Carey model prescribes a methodology for designing instruction based on a reductionist model of breaking instruction down into smaller components. Instruction is specifically targeted on the skills and knowledge to be taught and supplies the appropriate conditions for the learning of these outcomes." Febrian
• Robert Gagné's ID Model - "Gagné's approach to instructional design is considered a seminal model that has influenced many other design approaches and particularly the Dick & Carey systems approach. Gagné proposed that events of learning and categories of learning outcomes together provide a framework for an account of learning conditions. "
• Minimalism " The Minimalist theory of J.M. Carroll is a framework for the design of instruction, especially training materials for computer users. The theory suggests that (1) all learning tasks should be meaningful and selfcontained activities, (2) learners should be given realistic projects as quickly as possible, (3) instruction should permit self-directed reasoning and improvising by increasing the number of active learning activities, (4) training materials and activities should provide for error recognition and recovery and, (5) there should be a close linkage between the training and actual system."
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• Kemp, Morrison, and Ross Nine step instructional design model. • Rapid Prototyping - "Generally, rapid prototyping models involve learners and/or subject matter experts (SMEs) interacting with prototypes and instructional designers in a continuous review/revision cycle. Developing a prototype is practically the first step, while front-end analysis is generally reduced or convereted into an on-going, interactive process between subject-matter, objectives, and materials " Thiagi - Rapid ID
• Epathic Instructional Design - 5-step process: Observe, capture data, reflect and analyze, brainstorm for solutions, develop prototypes Febrian
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A:
Analyze
D:
Design
D:
Develop
I:
Implement
E:
Evaluate
ADDIE
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• http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html
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• Definisi : “Untuk mempelajari atau menentukan hubungan antar bagian dengan cara menganalisis”
• “To study or determine the nature and relationship of the parts of by analysis” (Strickland).
• Berdasarkan pertanyaan : Apa media yang digunakan ?
Siapa penggunanya ?
Apa yang dibutuhkan ? Febrian
Timeline untuk menyelesaikan project ?
Adakah tantangan ?
Who is the audience? What do they need to learn? What are the delivery options? What constraints exist? What is the timeline for project completion?
analisis performa/kinerja analisis kebutuhan analisis karakteristik siswa/pengguna analisis konten Febrian
Analisis performa/ kinerja Untuk mengetahui dan mengklarifikasi apakah masalah kinerja yang dihadapi memerlukan solusi berupa Penyelenggaraan program pembelajaran atau perbaikan manajemen. Langkah analisis kinerja berupa (pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, penarikan kesimpulan) Febrian
Analisis kebutuhan dan karakteristik siswa. Kebutuhan adalah kesenjangan antara kemampuan dan keterampilan peserta didik yang diinginkan dengan keterampilan peserta didik yang dimiliki sekarang. Kebutuhan pembelajaran itu ialah kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang dapat dimiliki oleh peserta didik/siswa dengan mempelajari suatu materi tertentu (Arief S. Sadiman, 2009:100). Identifikasi kebutuhan dilakukan sebagai tahap awal dari proses pengembangan. Dengan melakukan identifikasi, pengembang akan mengetahui apa yang dibutuhkan oleh peserta didik, sehingga media yang dikembangkan dapat mengatasi kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh peserta didik.
Langkah mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dengan cara memberikan angket, observasi dan wawancara guru dan siswa. Febrian
Contoh
Febrian http://dokumen.tips/documents/angket-analisis-kebutuhan-anmedia-pembelajaran-fisika-berbasis-multimedia.html
Febrian
Analisis konten (isi) Analisi Isi dan Analisis Data Sekunder adalah metode penelitian yang relatif lebih mudah karena tidak menggunakan “manusia” sebagai objek penelitiannya. Menggunakan objek yang “tidak hidup”, dengan memanfaatkan sumber data yang sudah ada dan kita tinggal mengolah data tersebut. Memanfaatkan majalah, koran, acara TV, buku-buku, syair lagu, cerita film sebagai objek penelitian. Febrian
