FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STATUS MEROKOK DI INDONESIA: Studi Kasus Individu dalam Rumah Tangga Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) Tahun 2014 THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SMOKING STATUS IN INDONESIA : A Case Study of The Individuals in Indonesian Households Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014 SKRIPSI Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Persyaratan untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Oleh PRASETYO ARDI NUGROHO 20130430248
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS PROGRAM STUDI ILMU EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA 2017
i
ii
Motto
“Tahukah kamu (orang) yang mendustakan agama? Maka itulah orang yang menghardik anak yatim, dan tidak mendorong memberi makan orang miskin Maka celakalah orang yang salat, (yaitu) orang-orang yang lalai terhadap salatnya yang berbuat riya’ dan enggan (memberikan) bantuan” (QS. Al-Ma’un)
“Keislaman bukan hanya Allah ada di dalam jiwamu, tetapi kehidupan islam menjadi nyata melalui perilakumu” (KH. Ahmad Dahlan)
v
Persembahan Skripsi ini Kupersembahkan untuk… Untuk Ibunda dan Ayahanda tercinta Almamaterku tercinta Tanah Airku tercinta
vi
DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................... HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING ................................... HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ............................................................................ HALAMAN MOTTO ........................................................................................ HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................ INTISARI .......................................................................................................... ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................... B. Batasan Masalah ....................................................................... C. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... D. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... E. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................
i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix xiii xv xvi 1 1 9 9 10 11
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................. A. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumsi Rokok ............ B. Pola Konsumsi Rumah Tangga ................................................ C. Variabel Sosial Demografi ....................................................... D. Konsumsi ................................................................................. 1. Definisi Konsumsi ............................................................. 2. Fungsi Konsumsi ............................................................... E. Teori Permintaan ...................................................................... F. Teori Pilihan Konsumen .......................................................... G. Penggunaan Data Longitudinal/Panel ...................................... H. Model Regresi Data Panel ........................................................ I. Metode Estimasi Model Regresi Panel .................................... J. Regresi Probit ........................................................................... K. Uji Signifikansi Model ............................................................. L. Uji Kelayakan Model (Goodness of Fit) .................................. M. Uji t Berpasangan ..................................................................... N. Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) ....................................... O. Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................ P. Hipotesis ...................................................................................
13 13 14 15 18 18 19 21 23 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 32 34 43
BAB III
METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 45 A. Subjek Penelitian ...................................................................... 45 B. Jenis Data ................................................................................. 45
xiii
BAB IV
C. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... D. Langkah Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 1. Pengumpulan Variabel yang Dibutuhkan ............................ 2. Pembentukan dan Seleksi Variabel ..................................... E. Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ................................. 1. Variabel Dependen .............................................................. 2. Variabel Independen ............................................................ F. Uji Hipotesis dan Analisis Data ............................................... 1. Model Penelitian .................................................................. 2. Pengujian Statistik ...............................................................
46 46 46 48 49 50 50 51 51 54
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................. A. Gambaran Umum Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) ......... B. Deskripsi Data .......................................................................... 1. Status Merokok Individu (Smoking) .................................... 2. Jenis Kelamin (Gender) ....................................................... 3. Umur (Age) .......................................................................... 4. Tinggi Badan (Height) ......................................................... 5. Berat Badan (Weight) .......................................................... 6. Status Perkawinan (Marital) ............................................... 7. Status Kepala Rumah Tangga (House Hold Head) ............. 8. Lama Pendidikan (Education) ............................................. 9. Pendapatan (Income) ........................................................... 10. Suku (Ethnicity) ................................................................... C. Hasil Analisis Regresi Probit ................................................... D. Marginal Effect Probit ............................................................. E. Pembahasan Hasil Regresi Probit ............................................
56 56 58 61 62 65 68 70 73 76 79 82 84 88 93 98
BAB V
KESIMPULAN, SARAN DAN KETERBATASAN PENELITIAN .................................................................................. 115 A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 115 B. Saran ......................................................................................... 121 C. Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................ 122 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Rata-rata Konsumsi Rokok (Batang per Hari) pada Penduduk Umur ≥ 15 Tahun menurut Karakterisk Demografi Tahun 2007, 2010, dan 2013 .............................................................................................. Tabel 1.2 Proporsi Pengeluaran Rata-rata per Kapita Sebulan Kelompok Makanan Terhadap Total Makanan (Persen), Tahun 2011-2013 ........ Tabel 1.3 Rata-rata Pengeluaran per Kapita per Bulan Menurut Kelompok Barang (Rupiah), 2013 dan 2014 ......................................................... Tabel 2.1 Studi Panel dalam Indonesi Family Life Survey (IFLS) ...................... Tabel 2.2 Data Sampel Responden Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) .......... Tabel 2.3 Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................ Tabel 3.1 Topik Kuesioner IFLS dalam Penelitian .............................................. Tabel 3.2 Seksi Kuesioner dalam Penelitian ........................................................ Tabel 3.3 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian .............................................................. Tabel 4.1 Deskripsi Statistik ................................................................................ Tabel 4.2 Deskripsi Status Merokok Individu ..................................................... Tabel 4.3 Deskripsi Jenis Kelamin ....................................................................... Tabel 4.4 Deskripsi Umur .................................................................................... Tabel 4.5 Deskripsi Tinggi Badan ....................................................................... Tabel 4.6 Deskripsi Berat Badan ......................................................................... Tabel 4.7 Deskripsi Status Perkawinan ................................................................ Tabel 4.8 Deskripsi Status Kepala Rumah Tangga .............................................. Tabel 4.9 Deskripsi Lama Pendidikan ................................................................. Tabel 4.10 Deskripsi Pendapatan ......................................................................... Tabel 4.11 Penyebaran Jenis Suku di Wilayah Urban dan Rural ....................... Tabel 4.12 Deskripsi Suku ................................................................................... Tabel 4.13 Hasil Regresi Probit Status Merokok Individu .................................. Tabel 4.14 Hasil Regresi Probit Status Merokok Individu di Wilayah Urban dan Rural ................................................................................. Tabel 4.15 Marginal Effect Probit Status Merokok Individu .............................. Tabel 4.16 Marginal Effect Probit Status Merokok Individu di Wilayah Urban dan Rural .................................................................................
xv
3 4 5 33 33 39 47 48 53 58 61 63 66 69 70 73 76 79 82 84 86 89 91 94 96
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 3.1.Langkah Pengumpulan Data IFLS ................................................... 46
xvi
