EFEKTIFITAS YOGA EXERCISE TERHADAP KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI SELAMA MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA DI SMP TAMAN SISWA KOTA MALANG
SKRIPSI
Oleh: DEA AYU ANGGITA LARASARI NIM: 201110420311077
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2015
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan bimbingannya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Efektivitas Yoga Exercise Video terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi selama Menstruasi pada Remaja di SMP Taman Siswa Kota Malang”. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.kep) pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Bersama ini perkenankanlah saya mengucapkan terimakasih sebesar- besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada: 1.
Bapak Sunardi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep. selaku pembimbing II yang telah memberikan bimbingan, masukan, serta dorongan dalam penyusunan proposal skripsi ini.
2.
Ibu Henny Dwi Susanti, M.Kep, Sp.Mat selaku pembimbing I dan wali dosen kelas B yang telah sabar memberikan dorongan, motivasi, serta bimbingan dalam proses penyusunan proposal skripsi ini.
3.
Ibu Nurul Aini, S.Kep. Ns, M.Kep selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
4.
Kedua orang tua dan seluruh keluarga saya yang selalu meberikan doa, support dan motivasi selama ini, serta memberikan dukungan moril dan materi.
5.
Teman-teman yang turut membantu dalam penelitian.
6.
Bpk. Suyana selaku Kepala sekolah SMP Taman Siswa yang telah memberikan ijin untuk melakukan penelitian.
7.
Teman-teman PSIK 2011 semua pihak yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan namanya satu persatu yang turut membantu dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis hanya mampu berdoa semoga amal kebaikannya mendapat imbalan dan diterima
sebagai ibadah oleh ALLAH SWT. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang
penulis miliki, oleh karena itu ktritik dan saran bersifat membangun sangat penulis harapkan. Semoga ALLAH SWT senantiasa memudahkan setiap langkah-langkah kita menuju kebaikan dan selalu menganugerahkan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua.
Malang, Juni 2015
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ................................................................................................................ i Lembar persetujuan ....................................................................................................... ii Lembar pengesahan ....................................................................................................... iii Lembar pernyataan keaslian tulisan ............................................................................. iv Motto ............................................................................................................................... v Lembar persembahan .................................................................................................... vi Kata Pengantar………………………………......................................................... vii Abstrak ............................................................................................................................ ix Daftar Isi ......................................................................................................................... xi Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................................... xiv Daftar Grafik .................................................................................................................. xv Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................................... xvi Daftar Lampiran............................................................................................................. xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 6 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 6 1.3.1
Tujuan umum .............................................................................. 6
1.3.2
Tujuan Khusus ............................................................................ 6
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 7 1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................... 7 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Konsep Remaja ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Pengertian Remaja ......................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Fase Remaja .................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Ciri – ciri Kejiwaan Remaja ........................................................... 12 2.1.4 Masa Transisi Remaja ..................................................................... 14 2.1.5 Perubahan yang Terjadi pada Remaja .......................................... 15 2.2 Konsep Menstruasi .................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Pengertian Menstruasi .................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Fase Siklus Menstruasi ................................................................. 16 2.2.3 Perubahan pada Siklus Haid ......................................................... 18
2.2.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Menstruasi ...................................... 19 2.2.5 Gangguan pada Saat Menstruasi ................................................... 20 2.3 Konsep Kesehatan Reproduksi................................................................ 22 2.3.1 Pengertian Kesehatan Reproduksi .............................................. 22 2.3.2 Organ Reproduksi ......................................................................... 23 2.3.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesehatan Reproduksi ................. 25 2.3.4 Masalah Kesehatan Reproduksi .................................................... 27 2.3.5 Pemeliharaan Organ Reproduksi .................................................. 27 2.3.6 Prawatan Kesehatan Reproduksi .................................................. 28 2.3.7 Indikator Kesehatan ........................................................................ 29 2.4 Konsep Yoga ................................................................................................. 30 2.5.1 Pengertian Yoga ................................................................................ 30 2.5.2 Jenis Yoga .......................................................................................... 31 2.5.3 Tahapan Yoga ................................................................................... 32 2.5.4 Manfaat Berlatih Yoga ..................................................................... 41 2.5 Efektifitas Yoga Dengan Menggunakan Video Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Pada Remaja.................................................. 42 BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ............................................................................. 44 3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................... 45 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN 4.1 Desain Penelitian ..................................................................................... 46 4.2 Kerangka Penelitian ............................................................................... 47
4.3 Populasi, Tehnik Sampling dan Sampel Penelitian ............................. 48 4.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ....................................................................... 48 4.3.2 Tehnik Sampling ........................................................................... 48 4.3.3 Sampel Penelitian .......................................................................... 49 4.4 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................... 49 4.4.1 Variabel Independen....................................................................... 49 4.4.2 Variabel Dependen ......................................................................... 49 4.5 Definisi Oprasional .................................................................................. 50 4.6 Tempat Penelitian .................................................................................... 51 4.7 Waktu Penelitian ........................................................................................ 51 4.8 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................... 51 4.9 Uji Validitas dan Rehabilitas .................................................................... 52
4.10 Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 54 4.10.1 Tahap Persiapan .......................................................................... 54 4.10.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan ...................................................................... 55 4.10.3 Tahap Pengumpulan Data .......................................................... 55 4.11 Pengelolaan dan Analisa Data ................................................................ 56 4.11.1 Pengelolan Data ........................................................................... 56 4.12 Analisa Data
..................................................................................... 57
4.13 Etika Penelitian ..................................................................................... 58 BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISA DATA 5.1 Hasil Penelitian................................... ........................................................ 60 5.1.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Kelas ................... 60 5.1.2 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Umur ................................. 61 5.2 Hasil Pengukuran Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sebelum Melakukan Ltihan Yoga Exercise .. ................................................. 61 5.3 Hasil Pengukuran Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sesudah Melakukan Latihan Yoga Exercise ................................................... 62 5.4 Efektifitas Yoga Exercise terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi....................................................................................................63 BAB VI PEMBAHASAN 6.1 Intepretasi dan Hasil Penelitian................................................................ 65 6.1.1 Gambaran Kharakteristik Responden ......................................... 65 6.2 Gambaran Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sebelum Diberikan Intervensi Latihan Yoga........................................................ 66 6.3 Gambaran Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sesudah Diberikan Latihan Yoga................ .......................................................... 68 6.4 Efektifitas Yoga Exercise Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Pada Remaja .......................................................................... 71 6.5 Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................. 75 BAB VII PENUTUP 7.1 Kesimpulan........................................ ......................................................... 77 7.2 Saran............................................... .............................................................. 78 Daftar Pustaka..................................................................................................................80 Lampiran............................................................................................................................84
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional Variabel .................................................................. 50 Tabel 4.2 Kisi-kisi kuisioner Kesehatan Reproduksi selama menstruasi .................................................................................... 52 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sebelum Melakukan Latihan Yoga Exercise di SMP Taman Siswa .......................................... 62 Tabel 5.2 Distribusi Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi Sesudah Melakukan Latihan Yoga Exercise di SMP Taman Siswa .......................................... 62 Tabel 5.3 Efektifitas Yoga Exercise Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Menstruasi.......................................................................................................... 64
DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik 5.1 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Usia di SMP Taman Siswa pada Bulan Januari - Februari 2015 .................................................................. 60 Grafik 5.2 Distribusi Responden Berdasarkan Umur di SMP Taman Siswa Kota Malang pada Bulan Januari – Februari 2015......................................................61 Grafik 5.3 Perbandingan Efektifitas Yoga Exercise Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Selama Mestruasi Sebelum dan Sesudah Dilakukan Latihan Yoga ....................................................................................................................63
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Virasana .................. ................................................................................. 33 Gambar 2.2 Mudhasana
..................................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.3 Supta Badha Khonasana ....................................................................... 34 Gambar 2.4 Badha Konasana ..................................................................................... 35 Gambar 2.5 Janu Shirsasana ..................................................................................... 35 Gambar 2.6 Paschimottanasana ................................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.7 Upavishta Konasana ................................................................................ 37 Gambar 2.8 Bujangasana......... ..................................................................................... 38 Gambar 2.9 Marichyasana 1
................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.10 Mudhasana........ ..................................................................................... 39 Gambar 2.11 Viparita karani mudra ............................................................................ 40 Gambar 2.12 Savasava........... ..................................................................................... 41 Gambar 4.1Skema Desain Peneliti .............................................................................. 46 Gambar 4.2 Skema Kerangka Penelitian .................................................................... 47
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing 1................. ...................................... 84 Lampiran 2. Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing 2 ....................................................... 85 Lampiran 3 Surat IjinStudi Pendahuluan dan Penelitian.......................................... 87 Lampiran 4 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 88 Lampiran 5 Surat Tugas Pembimbing ........................................................................ 89 Lampiran 6 SOP Yoga Exercise ................................................................................... 90 Lampiran 7 Lembar Persetujan Menjadi Responden ............................................... 94 Lampiran 8 Kisi-kisi Kuesioner ................................................................................... 95 Lampiran 9 Kartu Kendali............................................................................................ 97 Lampiran 10 Hasil Nilai Pretest dan Posttest ............................................................ 98 Lampiran 11 Analisis Validitas Reabilitas ................................................................... 99 Lampiran 12 Analisa Wilcoxon.....................................................................................101 Lampiran 13 Dokumentasi.............................................................................................102 Lampiran 14 Curriculum Vitae .................................................................................... 103
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