THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURE MEDIA TOWARD BRIGHT AND LOW LEVEL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH-1 PALANGKA RAYA
A THESIS Proposed to Department of Education of the Islamic State College of Palangka Raya in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam
By:
NOVI INDRI ASTUTI SRN. 1001120600
THE STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION 1435 H/ 2014
APPROVAL OF THE THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Title of the Thesis
: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURE MEDIA TOWARD BRIGHT AND LOW STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PALANGKA RAYA.
Name
: Novi Indri Astuti
SRN
: 1001120600
Department
: Education
Study Program
: English Education
Level
: (S-1)
Palangka Raya, October 2014 Approved by, Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M. Pd NIP.19560203 199003 1 001
Sabarun, M. Pd NIP.19680322 200801 1 005
Vice Director in Academic Affairs,
The Department of Education Chair,
Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd NIP. 19610520 199903 1 003
Triwid S.N., M.Pd NIP. 19710914 200312 2 001
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OFFICIAL NOTE Case: please be examined Novi Indri astuti’s Thesis
Palangka Raya, October 2014 To. Director of the State Collage of Islamic Studies of Palangka Raya In Palangka Raya
Peace be unto you God’s mercy and blessing as well By reading and analyzing of your thesis’ revision, we think that your thesis in the name of: Name
: Novi Indri Astuti
SRN
: 1001120600
Title of the thesis
: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURE MEDIA TOWARD BRIGHT AND LOW STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH PALANGKA RAYA.
Can be examined in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam in English Education of Department of Education STAIN Palangka Raya. Thank you on your attention Peace be with you and God’s blessing
Advisor II, Advisor I,
Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M. Pd NIP.19560203 199003 1 001
Sabarun, M. Pd NIP.19680322 200801 1 005
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LEGALIZATION OF THE THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE
This thesis entitles THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURE MEDIA
TOWARD
BRIGHT
AND
LOW
LEVEL
STUDENTS’
ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH-1 PALANGKA RAYA in the name of Novi Indri Astuti, and her Student Registration Number is 1001120600. It has been examined by Board of Examiners of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya on: Day
: Friday
Date
: October, 17th, 2014 Palangka Raya, October, 2014 Board of Examiners:
1. Santi Erliana, M.Pd Chairman/member
( …………………………… )
2. Nahdiyah, M.Pd Member
( …………………………… )
3. Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M.Pd Member
( …………………………… )
4. Sabarun, M.Pd Secretary/member
( …………………………… ) The State Islamic College of Palangka Raya Director,
Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, SH, MH NIP. 19750109 199903 1 002
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah and praise belong to Allah the Almighty, because of His Blessing and Mercy, the writer is able to accomplish this thesis entitled: The Effectiveness of Using Picture Media toward Bright and Low Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text at First Year Students at SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya. This thesis is written to fulfill one of the requirements to get title of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in the English Education, the Department of Education, the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya. Many people have contributed guidance, suggestion, and support to improve the writer’s thesis, therefore the writer would like to express her greatest gratitude to: 1. Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S Pelu, SH., MH., The Director of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya (STAIN), for his direction and encouragement. 2. Triwid, M.Pd., The Chair of Department of Education, for her agreement so that the writer can complete the requirements of writing this thesis. 3. Santi Erliana, M.Pd., the Chief of the English Education Study Program, for her guidance and encouragement during the accomplishment of this thesis. 4. Dr. H. Abdul Qodir, M.Pd, the first advisor, for his valuable guidance, suggestion, and encouragement.
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5. Sabarun, M.Pd, the second advisor, for his valuable guidance, suggestion, and encouragement. 6. Lidya Shanty, S.Pd, the English Teacher of SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya, for the time and opportunity that have given during the accomplishment of this thesis. 7. All English lecturers and staffs of STAIN Palangka Raya for their help and support. 8. All my friends who have helped the accomplishment of this thesis. 9. Last, my family who always give support morally and spiritually. The researcher realizes that this thesis is not perfect; therefore some constructive critical and suggestion are warmly welcomed. The researcher hopes that may Allah always keeps us on the straight path, rewards, and blesses us for what we do and this writing can be useful for all of us.
Palangka Raya, 20 October 2014 The Writer
Novi Indri Astuti SRN.1001120600
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURE MEDIA TOWARD BRIGHT AND LOW STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT SMA MUHAMMADIYAH-1 PALANGKARAYA ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were (a). To measure the effectiveness of using picture media in teaching writing descriptive text to bright students at first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya. (b). To measure the effectiveness of using picture media in teaching writing descriptive text to low students at first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya. (c). To measure the effectiveness of using picture media in teaching writing descriptive text to bright and low students at first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya. The study included in Quantitative Paradigm with Experimental factorial 2x2 design. The writer designed the Lesson Plan, conducted the treatment and observed the students’ score by pre-test and post-test. Before conducted the test, the writer conducted try-out test for reliability and validity of instrument test at SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya in class X-2. The population of study were the first year students at SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya which consisted of 5 classes that each class consist of 22 students. The writer chose X-1 and X-4 as sample. The sample was determined using cluster random sampling technique. The writer applied Two-ways ANOVA calculation to test the hypothesis to analyze the data. The result of testing reliability was found that the ro = 0.715 was higher than rtable = 0.4227 and had high criteria positive reliability. It meant that the instrument of this study could be used as the instrumentation of the study. Then, the result of testing normality found asymptotic significance (0.856) that was higher than significance level (α= 0.05). It could be concluded the data was in normal distribution. The result of homogeneity showed that the significance observed (0.817) was higher than (α= 0.05). It could be conclude that the data was not violated homogeneity. The result of Two- Ways ANOVA with SPSS 17.0 and manual calculation, the result of Fo between columns (26.9266) that was higher than Ftable at significance level of 5% (4.08). It was interpreted that first Ha stating using picture media gave significance effect toward bright level student’s achievement in writing descriptive text was accepted. Then the value of Fo between rows (6.5536) that was higher than Ftable at significance level of 5% (4.08). It was interpreted second Ha stating that using picture media gave significance effect toward low level student’s achievement in writing descriptive text was accepted. Lastly, the value of Fo interaction (0.1454) that was lower than Ftable at significance level of 5% (4.08). It was interpreted that Ha stating using picture media gave significance effect toward bright and low level student’s achievement in writing descriptive text was accepted. Key Terms: Picture Media, Writing Descriptive Text
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KEEFEKTIPAN PENGGUNAAN GAMBAR SEBAGAI MEDIA TERHADAP SISWA BERPRESTASI TINGGI DAN RENDAH PADA PENGAJARAN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT PADA SISWA TAHUN PERTAMA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH-1 PALANGKA RAYA ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (a). untuk mengetahui keefektipan penggunaan gambar terhadap siswa dengan prestasi tinggi dalam pengajaran writing descriptive text pada siswa tahun pertama di SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya. (b). untuk mengetahui keefektian penggunaan gambar terhadap siswa dengan prestasi rendah dalam pengajaran writing descriptive text pada siswa tahun pertama di SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya. (c). untuk mengetahui keefektipan penggunaan gambar terhadap siswa dengan prestasi tinggi dan prestasi rendah dalam pengajaran writing descriptive text pada siswa tahun pertama di SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan design experimen factorial 2x2. Peneliti menyiapakan rancangan pembelajaran, melakukan pengajaran dan menghitung nilai siswa dari Pre- test hingga Post- test. Sebelum melakukan Pretest dan Post-test, peneliti terlebih dulu melakukan tes uji coba untuk memperoleh reliability dan validitasnya instrument yang akan digunakan dalam ujian. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa tahun pertama atau siswa kelas X dari SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangka Raya pada lima kelas yang masing- masing terdapat 22 siswa. Kemudian peneliti memilih kelas X-1 dan X-4 sebagai sampel dengan menggunakan teknik sample acak Clustering. Peneliti menggunakan Anova dua jalur untuk menganalisa data. Hasil dari pengujian reliabiliti, diperoleh nilai ro= 0.715 lebih tinggi dari rtable (0.4227) pada level signifikan 0.05. Oleh karena nilai koefisien reliabilitinya tinggi yaitu 0.715. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrument dari uji ini dapat digunakan sebagai instrument penelitian. Kemudian hasil dari pengujian normalitas diperoleh nilai asymptotic significance (0.856) yang mana lebih tinngi dari level signifikan pada 0.05. Oleh sebab itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa data dari penelitian ini berdistribusi normal. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil pengujian homogenitas diperoleh hasil signifikan hitung (0.817) yang mana lebih tinggi dari (α= 0.05). dari hasil itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa data penelitian ini memiliki varian yang homogen. Berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakn ANOVA dua jalur pada SPSS 17.0 dan penghituan manual. Diperoleh Ha Pertama, yaitu dengan nilai Fo antar kolom (26.2966) yang kemudian dibandingan dengan nilai Ftable pada level signifikan 0.05 (4.08), karena Fo (26.2966) > Ftabel (4.08). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang menyatakan penggunaan gambar memberikan efek yang signifikan pada siswa yang memiliki prestasi yang tinggi dalam pelajaran Writing descriptive text dapat diterima dan H0 ditolak. Kedua, diperoleh nilai dari Fo antar baris(6.5536) yang kemudian dibandingan dengan nilai F tabel pada level signifikan 0.05 (4.08), karena Fo (6.5536) > Ftabel (4.08). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang menyatakan penggunaan gambar memberikan efek yang signifikan pada siswa yang memiliki prestasi yang rendah dalam pelajaran viii
Writing descriptive text dapat diterima dan H0 ditolak. Ketiga, diperoleh nilai Fo (0.1454) yang kemudian dibandingan dengan nilai Ftabel pada level signifikan 0.05 (4.08), karena Fo (0.1454) < Ftabel (4.08). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang menyatakan penggunaan gambar memberikan efek yang signifikan pada siswa yang memiliki prestasi yang tinggi dan rendah dalam pelajaran Writing descriptive text dapat diterima dan H0 ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan gambar memberikan efek yang signifikan pada siswa yang memiliki prestasi yang tinggi dan rendah dalam pelajaran Writing descriptive text dan penggunaan gambar tidak tergantung pada level prestasi siswa.
Istilah Kunci: Media Gambar, Descriptive text.
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DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION
BISMILLAHIRAHMANIRAHIM
I myself make declaration that this thesis entitles: The Effectiveness of Using Picture Media toward Bright and Low Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text at First Year Students at SMA Muhammadiyah-1 Palangkaraya is truly my own writing. If it is not my own writing so, it is given a citation and shown in the list reference. If my own declaration is not right in this thesis in one day so, I am ready to be given academic sanction namely, the cancellation of the degree of this thesis.
Palangka Raya, October 2014 My Own Declaration,
NOVI INDRI ASTUTI 1001120600
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MOTTO
When there is a will, there is a way
Science without religion is blind Religion without science is limp So, between science and religion must balance
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DEDICATION This Thesis Dedication to All of My Special People around Me 1. My Beloved Parents, My Uncle Rusdianto, S.Pd and My Aunty Asia Adam, S,Pd. Thanks for your blessing, praying, love, motivation and material in finished my study. You all are my spirit in my life. I love you all and thank so much. 2. My Beloved Sisters and Brothers, Rusiana Dewi, S.Pd, Kuswanto, Ruslinda Dwi S., SH., Afif Nugroho, Putri Dwi Y., Tri Rohmanto, Khoirun Nisa, Iga Oktaviani, Sulasiah and also my beloved Niece Afiqa Faiza Nugraha. Thank you so much for everything that you gave to me, always cheer me up and never hopeless to me. I love you so much and I proud to be in this Family. 3. Thanks to All My Marvelous Best Friend: Chitra Muliati, Shinta Ari Herdiana, Ihda Rona Wati, Milda Fransica, Siti Jahro, Uswatun Khasanah, Victoria Susan, Efriana Asmara, Sylvia Dwi yanti, Tuti, Santi Andika and Yunita N. S. Manurung who always help me and let me to hold on their hands when I fall and always stand with me so I could reach my graduation. I love you so much and I am glad to be your friend. 4. All my friends of English study program at academic year 2010, thank you so much for your help and support. I am happy to meet you all and to be part of you.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PAGE OF COVER ....................................................................................... i APPROVAL OF THE THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ................................. ii OFFICIAL NOTE .......................................................................................... iii LEGALIZATION OF THE THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE......................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................ v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. vii DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION ....................................................... x MOTTO...................................................................................................... xi DEDICATION .............................................................................................. xii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xiii LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................... xv LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................ xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... xvii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xviii CHAPTER I A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.
INTRODUCTION Background of the Study .................................................... Previous of the Study ........................................................... Problems of the Study ......................................................... Hypothesis of the Study ....................................................... Delimitation of the Study ..................................................... Assumption of the Study ...................................................... Objectives of the Study ....................................................... Significance of the Study ...................................................... Operational Definition ......................................................... Frame of Discussion ............................................................
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. The Nature of Writing 1.The definition of writing ......................................... 2. The types of writing ............................................... 3. Process Writing ...................................................... B. Nature of Paragraph 1.The definition of paragraph .................................... 2. The elements of paragraph .................................... C. Descriptive Text 1. Definition of Descriptive Text ................................ 2. Generic Structure ................................................... 3. Gramatical Features ............................................... 4. Example of Descriptive Text................................... D. Picture media in language teaching learning ....................... E. Teaching writing descriptive text using picture media ........ F. Scoring Method .................................................................... G. Experimental study ..............................................................
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1 7 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 14
15 16 17 20 21 24 25 26 27 29 35 36 37
H. Anova (analysis of variance).................................................
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research type ....................................................................... B. Research Design ................................................................... C. Variables of the Study .......................................................... D. Population and Sample of the Study 1. Population ....................................................................... 2. Sample ............................................................................ E. Research Instrument of the Study 1. Research Instrument ....................................................... 2. Research Instrument Try Out .......................................... 3. Research Instrument Reliability ...................................... 4. Research Instrument Validity .......................................... F. Data Collection Procedures .................................................. G. Data Analysis Procedures .....................................................
39
41 41 43 43 44 45 47 47 51 52 54
CHAPTER IV RESULT OF THE STUDY A. Description of the Data ........................................................ 60 B. Test of the Statistical Analysis and Result of the Data Analysis ....................................................... 63 C. Interpretation....................................................................... 66 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ........................................................................
70
CHAPTER VI CLOSURE A. Conclusion ........................................................................... B. Suggestion ............................................................................
76 77
REFERENCES APPENDICES CURRICULUM VITAE
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LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1 Generic Structure of Descriptive Text ........................................ 25 Table 2.2 The Scoring Rubric for the Measurement of Writing Test .......... 36 Table 3.1 The Schema of Factorial Design ................................................. 42 Table 3.2 The Number of Population .......................................................... 44 Table 3.3 Inter- Rater Coefficient Correlation and Interpretation ............... 50 Table 3.3 Testing of Correlation .................................................................. 50 Table 4.1 The Pre-Test and Post- Test score of Bright Students of Experiment and Control Class .................................................... 61 Table 4.2 The Pre-Test and Post- Test score of Low Students of Experiment and Control Class ........................................................................ 62 Table 4.3 Testing Pre- Test Normality of One- Sample KolmogorovSmirnov Test ............................................................................... 63 Table 4.4 Testing Pre- Test Homogeneity Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variance ...................................................................................... 64 Table 4.5 Testing Post- Test Normality of One- Sample KolmogorovSmirnov Test ............................................................................... 65 Table 4.6 Testing Pre- Test Homogeneity Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variance ...................................................................................... 65 Table 4.7 Result of Testing Hypothesis ....................................................... 66
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LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 3.1 Step of Collecting, Data Analysis Procedure and Testing Hypothesis 59 Figure 4.1 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.2 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.3 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.4 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.5 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.6 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.7 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class .................................................................................. Figure 4.8 The Frequency Distribution of the Pre- test Score of Bright Score Students of the Control Class ..................................................................................
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND SYMBOLS
ANOVA DF SMA STAIN SPSS SD F X SSt SSb SSw
: Analysis of Variance : Degree of Freedom : Sekolah Menengah Atas : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri : Statistic Product and Service Solution : Standard Deviation : Frequency : Midpoint : Sum Square Total : Sum Square Between Group : Sum Square Within Group
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
1 The Research Schedule 2 Lesson Plan and Syllabus 3 Research Instrument 4 Students’ Name and Code 5 Students’ Score 6 Students’ Writing Product 7 Calculation 8 Tables 9 Photograph 10 Letters 11 Curriculum Vitae
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