ABSTRACT This report describes an application to calculate amounts of materials required to build roads. The application uses coponent analisis method. It is designed to assist civil engineers in developing projects related to road. It is not only used by civil engineers, but also students and those who like to study road development projects. The application calculates how much material required to build a road with flexible pavement, using data entered by user. The results of calculation will be displayed, that is, amount of materials needed at each layer. The application is coded using PHP and MySQL. Tests have been done, especially Pavement Thickness Index calculation. Tests are conducted by comparing the results of the system calculation with manual calculation.
Keywords : component analysis method, road, flexible pavement.
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ABSTRAK Laporan ini menjelaskan tentang aplikasi yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah material yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun jalan. Aplikasi menggunakan metode analisa komponen. Aplikasi ini dirancang untuk membantu sarjana teknik sipil dalam mengembangkan proyek jalan. Aplikasi ini tidak hanya dapat digunakan oleh sarjana teknik sipil, tetapi juga murid-murid dan masyarakat umum yang ingin belajar mengembangkan proyek jalan. Aplikasi menghitung berapa banyak material yang diperlukan untuk membangun jalan dengan lapis perkerasan lentur, dengan menggunakan data yang dimasukkan oleh pengguna. Perhitungan ini akan menampilkan hasil berupa banyak material yang diperlukan pada setiap lapisan. Aplikasi ini dibuat menggunakan PHP dan MySQL. Pengujian telah dilakukan, terutama untuk menghitung Indeks Tebal Perkerasan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mencocokkan hasil perhitungan sistem dengan hasil perhitungan manual.
Kata kunci : metode analisis komponen, jalan, perkerasan lentur.
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DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ ii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................iv DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................................vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................................ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 Tujuan ................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 2 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .......................................................................................... 4 2.1 Pendahuluan ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Parameter Perhitungan Pembuatan Jalan ............................................................ 4 2.3 Perhitungan Pembuatan Jalan ........................................................................... 10 2.4 Tampilan Hasil Perhitungan.............................................................................. 15 BAB III ANALISIS DAN DISAIN ............................................................................ 16 3.1 Analisis ............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Identifikasi ................................................................................................ 16 3.1.2 Gambaran Sistem ...................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 Spesifikasi Pengguna ................................................................................ 16 3.1.4 Diagram Alir Proses Perhitungan ............................................................. 17 3.2 Gambaran Keseluruhan ..................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Persyaratan Antarmuka Eksternal ............................................................. 18 3.2.2 Antarmuka dengan Pengguna ................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Antarmuka Perangkat Keras ..................................................................... 19 3.2.4 Antarmuka Perangkat Lunak .................................................................... 19 3.2.5 Fitur-fitur Produk Perangkat Lunak .......................................................... 19 3.2.5.1 Hitung LEP ........................................................................................... 19 3.2.5.2 Hitung LER ........................................................................................... 21 3.2.5.3 Hitung DDT .......................................................................................... 22 3.2.5.4 Hitung IP0 dan IPt .................................................................................. 23 3.2.5.5 Hitung ........................................................................................... 23 3.2.5.6 Hitung Tebal Perkerasan ....................................................................... 24 3.2.5.7 Hitung Banyak Bahan yang Dipergunakan ........................................... 24 3.3 Disain Perangkat Lunak .................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 Pemodelan Perangkat Lunak ..................................................................... 25 3.3.2 DFD .......................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2.1 DFD Level 0 ......................................................................................... 26 3.3.2.2 DFD Level 1 ......................................................................................... 27 3.3.2.3 DFD Level 2 Proses 1 ........................................................................... 29 3.3.2.4 DFD Level 2 Proses 2 ........................................................................... 31 3.3.2.5 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.1 ........................................................................ 32 3.3.2.6 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.2 ........................................................................ 33 iv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
3.3.2.7 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.3 ........................................................................ 34 3.3.2.8 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.4 ........................................................................ 35 3.3.2.9 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.5 ........................................................................ 36 3.3.2.10 DFD Level 3 Proses 2.2 .................................................................... 37 3.3.2.11 DFD Level 3 Proses 2.3 .................................................................... 38 3.3.3 Kamus Data ............................................................................................... 40 3.3.4 PSPEC (Process Specification) ................................................................ 42 3.3.5 Penyimpanan Data .................................................................................... 50 3.3.6 Desain Antar Muka ................................................................................... 56 BAB IV PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ............................................. 61 4.1 Implementasi Modul ......................................................................................... 61 4.1.1 Pembagian Modul Implementasi............................................................... 61 4.1.2 Keterkaitan Antar Modul .......................................................................... 62 4.1.3 Perjalanan Tahap Implementasi ................................................................ 62 4.1.4 Ulasan Realisasi Fungsionalitas ................................................................ 62 4.2 Implementasi Penyimpanan Data...................................................................... 65 4.3 Implementasi Antar Muka ................................................................................ 66 BAB V TESTING DAN EVALUASI SISTEM ......................................................... 74 5.1 Rencana Pengujian ............................................................................................ 74 5.1.1 Test Case ................................................................................................... 74 5.1.2 Uji Fungsionalitas Modul.......................................................................... 75 5.2 Pelaksanaan Pengujian ...................................................................................... 77 5.2.1 Black Box .................................................................................................. 77 5.3 Ulasan Hasil Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 85 BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................... 86 6.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................................... 86 6.2 Saran ................................................................................................................. 86 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................................xi
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel II.1 Nilai Indeks Permukaan Awal (IP0) [2] ...................................................... 5 Tabel II.2 Nilai Indeks Permukaan Akhir (IPt) [2] ..................................................... 5 Tabel II.3 Komposisi Sumbu Kendaraan dan Berat Maksimumnya [2] ......................... 7 Tabel II.4 Nilai Faktor Regional (FR) [2] ................................................................ 10 Tabel II.5 Koefisien Distribusi Kendaraan[2] .......................................................... 11 Tabel II.6 Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif (a) [2]........................................................... 12 Tabel II.7 Nilai R untuk menghitung CBR [2] ......................................................... 14 Tabel II.8 Tebal Minimum Tiap Lapisan menurut MAK (cm) [2] .............................. 14 Tabel II.9 Digit Dibelakang Koma ......................................................................... 15 Tabel III.1 Tabel Input Hitung LEP........................................................................ 20 Tabel III.2 Tabel Input Hitung LER ....................................................................... 21 Tabel III.3 Tabel Input Hitung DDT ....................................................................... 22 Tabel III.4 Tabel Input Hitung IP0 dan IPt ............................................................... 23 Tabel III.5 Tabel Input Hitung Tebal Perkerasan ..................................................... 24 Tabel III.6 Tabel Input Hitung Banyak Bahan yang Dipergunakan............................. 24 Tabel III.7 Kamus Data Kendaraan ........................................................................ 40 Tabel III.8 Kamus Data Distribusi Kendaraan ......................................................... 40 Tabel III.9 Kamus Data Faktor Regional................................................................. 40 Tabel III.10 Kamus Data Indeks Permukaan Awal ................................................... 41 Tabel III.11 Kamus Data Indeks Permukaan Akhir .................................................. 41 Tabel III.12 Kamus Data Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif ............................................... 41 Tabel III.13 PSPEC Proses 1 Proses LEP ............................................................... 42 Tabel III.14 PSPEC Proses 2 Proses LER ............................................................... 42 Tabel III.15 PSPEC Proses 3 Proses DDT .............................................................. 43 Tabel III.16 PSPEC Proses 4 Proses ............................................................... 43 Tabel III.17 PSPEC Proses 5 Proses LEP ............................................................... 44 Tabel III.18 PSPEC Proses 1.1 Hitung LHR ........................................................... 44 Tabel III.19 PSPEC Proses 1.2 Hitung E ................................................................ 45 Tabel III.20 PSPEC Proses 1.3 Hitung C ................................................................ 45 Tabel III.21 PSPEC Proses 1.4 Hitung LEP ............................................................ 46 Tabel III.22 PSPEC Proses 2.1 Hitung LEA ............................................................ 46 Tabel III.23 PSPEC Proses 2.2 Hitung LET ............................................................ 47 Tabel III.24 PSPEC Proses 2.3 Hitung LER ............................................................ 47 Tabel III.25 PSPEC Proses 3.1 Hitung DDT ........................................................... 48 Tabel III.26 PSPEC Proses 3.2 Hitung FR .............................................................. 48 Tabel III.27 PSPEC Proses 4.1 Hitung IP0 .............................................................. 48 Tabel III.28 PSPEC Proses 4.2 Hitung IPt ............................................................... 49 Tabel III.29 PSPEC Proses 4.3 Hitung ............................................................ 49 Tabel III.30 PSPEC Proses 5.1 Hitung koefisien kekuatan relatif ............................... 49 Tabel III.31 PSPEC Proses 5.2 Hitung tebal minimum lapisan .................................. 50 Tabel III.32 PSPEC Proses 5.3 Hitung banyak bahan ............................................... 50 Tabel III.33 Tabel kendaraan................................................................................. 52 Tabel III.34 Tabel distribusi_kendaraan .................................................................. 53 Tabel III.35 Tabel faktor_regional ......................................................................... 53 Tabel III.36 Tabel indeks_permukaan_awal ............................................................ 53 Tabel III.37 Tabel indeks_permukaan_akhir ........................................................... 53 Tabel III.38 Tabel koefisien_kekuatan_relatif.......................................................... 54 Tabel III.39 Tabel hasil ........................................................................................ 54 Tabel III.40 Tabel segmen .................................................................................... 54 vi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Tabel III.41 Tabel tebal_minimum ......................................................................... 54 Tabel III.42 Tabel temp ........................................................................................ 55 Tabel III.43 Tabel user ......................................................................................... 55 Tabel IV.1 Tabel modul user ................................................................................. 61 Tabel IV.2 Tabel modul admin .............................................................................. 61 Tabel V.1 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur login.................................................. 77 Tabel V.2 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur login.................................................. 78 Tabel V.3 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah distribusi kendaraan..................... 79 Tabel V.4 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah faktor regional ............................ 79 Tabel V.5 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah indeks permukaan awal ................ 79 Tabel V.6 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah indeks permukaan akhir ............... 80 Tabel V.7 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah koefisien kekuatan relatif ............. 80 Tabel V.8 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur ubah segmen ...................................... 81 Tabel V.9 Tabel Black Box Testing pada modul LEP................................................ 81 Tabel V.10 Tabel Black Box Testing pada modul LER ............................................. 82 Tabel V.11 Tabel Black Box Testing pada modul CBR ............................................. 82 Tabel V.12 Tabel Black Box Testing pada fitur hitung ....................................... 83 Tabel V.13 Tabel Black Box Testing pada modul Tebal ............................................ 84
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar III.1 Diagram Alir Proses Perhitungan........................................................ 17 Gambar III.2 DFD Level 0 .................................................................................... 26 Gambar III.3 DFD Level 1 .................................................................................... 27 Gambar III.4 DFD Level 2 Proses 1 ....................................................................... 29 Gambar III.5 DFD Level 2 Proses 2 ....................................................................... 31 Gambar III.6 DVD Level 3 Proses 1.1 .................................................................... 32 Gambar III.7 DVD Level 3 Proses 1.2 .................................................................... 33 Gambar III.8 DVD Level 3 Proses 1.3 .................................................................... 34 Gambar III.9 DVD Level 3 Proses 1.4 .................................................................... 35 Gambar III.10 DVD Level 3 Proses 1.5 .................................................................. 36 Gambar III.11 DVD Level 3 Proses 2.2 .................................................................. 37 Gambar III.12 DVD Level 3 Proses 2.3 .................................................................. 38 Gambar III.13 Penyimpanan Data .......................................................................... 51 Gambar III.14 Tampilan Hitung LHR..................................................................... 56 Gambar III.15 Tampilan Hitung LEP ..................................................................... 56 Gambar III.16 Tampilan hitung LER ...................................................................... 57 Gambar III.17 Tampilan hitung DDT ..................................................................... 58 Gambar III.18 Tampilan hitung ..................................................................... 58 Gambar III.19 Tampilan hitung Tebal .................................................................... 59 Gambar III.20 Tampilan Hasil Bahan ..................................................................... 60 Gambar IV.1 Peta Web......................................................................................... 62 Gambar IV.2 Penjelasan rumus ..................................................................... 65 Gambar IV.3 Gambar Implementasi Penyimpanan Data ........................................... 66 Gambar IV.4 Halaman Awal ................................................................................. 66 Gambar IV.5 Halaman Detail Hitung ..................................................................... 67 Gambar IV.6 Halaman LHR.................................................................................. 67 Gambar IV.7 Halaman LEP .................................................................................. 68 Gambar IV.8 Halaman LER .................................................................................. 68 Gambar IV.9 Halaman DDT ................................................................................. 68 Gambar IV.10 Halaman Roughness........................................................................ 69 Gambar IV.11 Halaman ................................................................................ 69 Gambar IV.12 Halaman Kekuatan Bahan ............................................................... 69 Gambar IV.13 Halaman Tebal Bahan ..................................................................... 70 Gambar IV.14 Halaman Banyak Bahan .................................................................. 70 Gambar IV.15 Halaman Awal Admin..................................................................... 70 Gambar IV.16 Halaman Lihat User ........................................................................ 71 Gambar IV.17 Halaman Tambah User .................................................................... 71 Gambar IV.18 Halaman Hapus User ...................................................................... 71 Gambar IV.19 Halaman Ubah Distribusi Kendaraan ................................................ 72 Gambar IV.20 Halaman Ubah Faktor Regional........................................................ 72 Gambar IV.21 Halaman Ubah Indeks Permukaan Awal ............................................ 73 Gambar IV.22 Halaman Ubah Indeks Permukaan Akhir ........................................... 73 Gambar IV.23 Halaman Ubah Segmen ................................................................... 73 Gambar V.1 Gambar perpotongan fungsi dengan sumbu x ................................ 84
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN Istilah LHR E C LEP LEA LET LER UR FR CBR DDT IP0 IPt a1 a2 a3 D1 D2 D3 MAK
Keterangan Lalu lintas Harian Rata – rata Angka Ekivalen Beban Sumbu Koefisien Distribusi Kendaraan Lintas Ekivalen Permulaan Lintas Ekivalen Awal Lintas Ekivalen Tengah Lintas Ekivalen Rencana Umur Rencana Faktor Regional Nilai daya dukung tanah dasar Daya Dukung Tanah dasar Nilai Indeks Permukaan Awal Nilai Indeks Permukaan Akhir Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif bahan permukaan Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif bahan pondasi Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif bahan pondasi bawah Indeks Tebal Perkerasan Tebal minimum lapis permukaan Tebal minimum lapis pondasi Tebal minimum lapis pondasi bawah Metode Analisis Komponen
Satuan Kendaraan/hari Lss/hari/kendaraan Lss/hari/kendaraan Lss/hari/kendaraan Lss/hari/kendaraan Tahun % m3 m3 m3 Cm Cm Cm -
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