DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adinegoro, H. 1986. Perancangan Proses Ekstraksi Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M) dengan Pengepresan. Tesis. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana IPB. Bogor. Albrigo, L.G dan R.D Carter. 1977. S t r u c t u r e of C i t r u s F r u i t s in Realtion to Processing. Didalam Nagy, S. Shaw, P.E dan Veldhuis, M.K. Citrus Science and Technology Volume I. The AVI Publishing Company Inc. Wesport. Connecticut. Apriyanto dan Nugroho. 1996. Ekstraksi d a n karakterisasi minyak kulit jeruk pontianak (Citrus nobilis v a r microcarpa). Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan. Vol VII No. Tahun 1996. Bailey, AE. 1950. Industrial Oil and F a t Processing. Vol 11. Interstampa. Rome. Bernhard, R.A. 1958. Examination of lemon oil by gas-partition chromatography. Food Res. 23. 2 13-2 16. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Bernhard, R.A. 1960. Analysis and composition of oil Lemon bay gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 3. 471-476. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Boelens, M.H. 1991. A critical review on t h e chemical composition of citrus oils. J . Perfum. Flav., 16; 17-34. Braddock, R.J. dan Cadwallader, K.R. 1992. C i t r u s by products manufacture f o r food use. J. Food Technology. February : 106- 1 10. Chee, C.T. 1990. Beverage Emulsions. Didalam Larsson, K dan Frieberg, S.E Food Emulsions, Mereel Dekker lnc. New York. Clark dan Bernard. 1960. Examination of Lemon Oil by Gas Liquid Chromatography. II. The Hidrocarbon Fraction. Food Res. 25. 389-394. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut.
Gordon, R.J. 199 1. Flavourings. Didalam Smith, 3 . (ed). Food Aditive User's Handbook. Blackie and Son Ltd. London. Gritter, R.J., James, M.B dan Arthur, E.S. 1991. Pengantar Kromatografi (ed 11). Terjemahan. ITB. Bandung. Guenther. 1949. Minyak Atsiri. Volume 111. Diterjemahkan oleh R.S Ketaren Tahun 1990. Penerbit UI-Press, Jakarta Harold H,H. 1457. Citrus Fruits. The Macmillan Company. New York. Harris W dan V. Loesecke. 1960. Orange Juice. Didalam D.K Tressler dan M . 4 Joslyn. Fruit and Vegetable Juice Product. The AVI Publishing Co. Inc. Westport. Connecticut. Heath, H.B. 1986. Flavour Technology. The AVI Publishing Company Inc. Wesport. Connecticut. Heath, H.B. and Reincius. 1981. Source Book of Flavor. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. Hunter, G.L.K and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1964. 2,4-p-Menthadiene. A new moaoterpen from valencia orange oil. J . Org. Chem. 29. 498. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Hunter, G.L.K and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1965. Analysis of the terpene and sesquiterpen hydrocarbons in some citrus oils. J. Food Sc. 30. 383r387. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Hunter, G.L.K dan M.G. Moshonas. 1966. Analysis of alcohol in essential oils of grapefruit, lemon, lime and tangerine. J. Food Science. 3 1:167. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P . E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVT Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut.
Ikeda. R.M., L.A. Rolle, S.H. Vannier dan W.L Stanley. 1962. Isolation and identification of aldehydes in cold pressed lemon oil. J. Food Chemistry. 10:98. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Kefford, J.F. 1959. T h e Chemical Constituens of C i t r u s Fruit. Advances in Food Research. Volume IX. Academic Press. New York. Ketaren, S. 1985. Pengantar Teknologi Minyak Atsiri. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta. Kirk, R.E dan B.F Othmer. 1952. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. B i dalam Ketaren, S. Pengantar Teknologi Minyak Atsiri. Penerbit Balai Pustaka. Jakarta. Kung,
J.F., Bambara, P., and Perkins, F., JR. 1959. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Lemon Oil. Abstr. 136 th Meeting, AM. Chem. Soc., Atlantic City. N.J. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut.
MacLeod. W.D and Buigeus, N.M. 1964. Sesquiterpenes. I. nootkatone, a new grapefruit flavor constituent. J. Food Sci. 29. 565-568. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Mohsenin, N.N. 1980. Thermal Properties of Food and Agricultural Material. Gordon and Breach Science Pub. New York. Nagy, S., P.E. Shaw dan M.K. Veldhuis. 1977. C i t r u s Science and Technology. Volume I. The AVI Publishing Company Inc. Westport Connecticut. Nugroho, S.A. 1995. Ekstraksi d a n Karakterisasi Minyak Kulit J e r u k Pontianak (Citrus nobills var. microcarpa), Navel (Citrus sinensis) s e r t a Valencia (Citrus sinensis). Skripsi. Fateta. IPB. Bogor.
Nurlela, A, 2001. Upaya Pemanfaatan Limbah Pengolahan J u s J e r u k Lemon (Citrus Lymon (Lynn) B u h r l?) Sebagai b a h a n Baku Minyak J e r u k Lemon. Skripsi. Fateta. IPB. Bogor. Poore. 1932. U.S.A Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. No. 241. Di dalam Guenther, E. Diterjemahkan Ketaren, S. Minyak Atsiri Jilid 111A. UI-Pres. Jakarta. Redd, J.B dan Hendrix, C.M. 1993. Processing of N a t u r a l C i t r u s Oils a n d Flavors. Didalam Nagy, S., Chin, S.C., Shaw, P.E (eds). Fruit Juice Processing Technology. Agscience, Inc, Aurburndaie, Florida. Kochilah, S. 1997. Pembuatan Konsentrat J e r u k Siam Pontianak (Citrus nobilis var micrcarpa) Skala Pilot Plant dengan Penambahan Flavor Minyak Kulit J e r u k . Skripsi. Fateta. IPB. Bogor. Sarwono, B. 1991. J e r u k d a n K e r a b a t n y a . Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Shaw, P.E 1977. Essential Oils. Didalam Nagy, S., Shaw, P.E dan Veldhuis, M.K (eds). Citrus Science and Technology Volume I. The AVl Publishing Company Inc. Westport, Connecticut. Stanley, W.L., and Jurd, L. 1971. C i t r u s coumarins. J . Agric. Food Chem. 19. 1 106- 1 1 10. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Stanley, W.L., R.M Ikeda, S.H. Vannier dan L.A Rolle. 1961. Determination of t h e relative concentration of t h e major aldehyds in lemon, orange a n d g r a p e f r u i t oils by gas chromatography. J . Food Science. 26:43. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut. Swaine, R.L. 1978. N a t u r a l a n d Syntetic Flavourings C h a p t e r 11. Didalam : Handbook of Food Additivies, 2""dition. Furria T.E (ed) CRC Press. Cleveland. Ohio.
Swisher, H.E dan Swisher,L.H. 1978. Specialty Citrus Product. Didalam Nagy S., Shaw,P.E. dan Veldhuis, M.K. Citrus Science and Technology Vol 11. The AVI Publishing Company Inc. Westport. Connecticut. Wills, R.B.H., Lim, J.S.K., dan Greenfield, H. 1985. Composition of australian foods. 28. Citrus fruits. Didalam J. Food Technology in Australia Volume 3 7 . No. 7. Australia. Wolford, R.W., J . W Kesterson dan J.A Attaway. 1971. Physicochemical properties of citrus essential oils from florida. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 19(6) : 1097- 1105. Wright,J. 1991. Essential Oils. Didalam Ashurts,P.R. Flavouripgs. Blackie and Sons Ltd. London.
Food
Ziegler, E. 1971. The Examination of Citrus Oils. Flavour Ind. 647653. Didalam Nagy, S., Veldhuis, M.K., Shaw, P.E (eds). Citrus Science and Technology. Vol I. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc. Westport Connecticut.
Lampiran 1. Diagram alir produksi dan potensi limbah di PT. KAS Lemon Segar (13 tonhari) Penyimpanan dalam Gudang Penyimpanan selama 1-4 hari
Grading (Hijau 15%=225 kg, Kuning 85%=1275 kg) Hijau dipisahkan dan tidak diproses
Pencucian sebanyak 3 kali 1. pencucian dengan air untuk melepas kotoran dari mobil/truk 2. pencucian dengm kaprit 3. pembilasan dengan air
Pemerasan (sari jeruk)
Limbah kulit jeruk 1. Limbah irisan = 125 kg 2. Limbah non irisan = 810 kg
Penyaringan I
Pencarnpuran dgn bahan aditif
Minyak lemon 500 g
Pengemasan
Sari jeruk 100 case = 1 000 inner = 390000 ml = 340 kg
Lampiran 2. Anova rendemen minyak kulit jeruk dari limbah irisan
Jumlah Kuadrat
c1
Kuadrat Tengah
F-hitung
F-tabel 0,Ol
2 1
C2
C 1xC2 Gal at
2 12
1
Total 17 C1 : kondisi limbah kulit (utuh, 2 bagian, 4 bagian) C2 : banyaknya pengepresan (1 kali, 2 kali)
Uji Lanjut deagan Tukey HSD, LSD dan Bonferroni
1
Kondisi Kulit
(j 1
Kondisi Kulit
12 bagian 4 bagian Utuh 2 bagian 4 bagian Utuh 4 bagian 2 bagian 2 bagian Utuh
Utuh Tukey HSD
1
LSD
2 bagian
4 bagian I
Utuh 4 bagian Utuh 2 bagian
/
Mean difference Std. Error (1-j ) 0,074 1 0,009 0,11 0,009 -0,074 0,009 0,009 0,037 -0,ll 0,009 -0,036 0,009 0,074 0,009 -0,074 0,037 -0,ll -0,037
The mean difference is significant at the 0,05 level
0,009 0,009 0,009 0,009
Sig
1
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,004 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,002 0,000 0,002
1
Lampiran 3. Hasil identifikasi GC-MS jeruk lemon Argentina
RT
Area
CAS#
Wiley
Librarym)
YO
Quality
Ref#
Match
10.63
0.29
/ 1095 /
1.44
/
Alpha-Pinen
/
25368
/
000080-56-8
1
95
/
1I
0.08
/
Champen
1I
25160
1I
000079-92-3
1I
93
1
111.62
/ 1 12.96 1 12.70
I
12.12 0.90
I
251 73
Alpha-Thuj en
1 1
Sabinen, beta pinen Myrcen
I
1 1
25357 25215
I
LIMONEN + p-cymen
002867-05-2
1 1
000127-91-3 018172-67-3
90
1 1
96 87
I
I
15.10
72.01
/ 24.15 /
0.64
25.47
0.99
Geranial (a citral)
37948
000141-2725
95
28.83
0.02
Citronellyl acetat
83004
0001 50-84-5
72
/ 29.37 /
0.51
I
/
0.26
/ 30.69 /
0.01
I
1 35.17 1 1 35.33 1
Neryl acetat
/ I
0.02 0.03
/
37692
1
Bicyclogermacren
000106-26-3
1
1
83535
89653
1 1
1
83
000629-59-4
1
87
004630-07-3 024703-35-3
1 1
99 96
Beta-bisabolen
89678
000495-61-4
97
38.59
0.03
Sphatulenol
105983
0771 71-55-2
91
1
I
I
I
0.04
1
I
Citropten
1I
I
90873
1I
1
78
0.53
I
1
I
35.54
52.78
1
83
013474-59-4
1 1
60
1
I
89662
98
000105-87-3
89646
1 1
000141-12-8
I
1
Vealencen
/
80706
Bergamoten, trans-alpha
1 1
80895
1
Tetradecan
000138-86-3
25358
Geranyl acetat
0.39
32.60
Nerol (2-citral)
I
30.17
I
1
1
1 1 -
I
000487-06-9
Sumber : http://www.kobashi.com/lemonakobashi.com
1 I
94 I
sample Name: lemon
Lampiran 4. %asil GC minyak jeruk lemon dari limbah kulit irisan -_----_---_--_-_----------------------------------------------------__----__-__--___-_--------------------------------------------------Injection D ~ t e : 8/22/02 12:35:11 PM : lemon Qiu\&k kuliC Sample Name Vial : 1 Acq. Operator : Intania Permata Ini : 1
Sorted By Multiplier Dilution Signal 1: F I D ~A,
Signal 1.0000 1.0000
Area Helght [PA] [min] [pA*s] ----I-------\---I -------I--------.--\----------\-------1 0 . 7 3 1 BV 0 . 0 3 2 9 3366.69824 1484.18652 2 0 . 9 0 2 VV 0.0408 1320.12415 493.51382 3 0 . 9 7 2 VV S 0 . 0 6 9 2 1 . 7 0 7 4 5 e 4 3 4 8 3 , 5 2 4 9 0 4 1 . 2 9 3 V V S 0.0835 7.92401e5 1.21148e5 5 1 . 3 5 4 VB S 0 . 0 1 4 3 1 . 0 3 1 7 4 e 4 1 . 0 8 0 9 4 e 4 6 1 . 5 1 8 VB X 0 . 0 1 9 2 8 3 5 . 1 5 5 8 2 6 7 5 . 8 7 3 4 1 ? 2 . 2 0 3 BV 0.0313 2349.87012 1135.23413 8 3 . 0 8 2 VV 0.0477 692.44983 216.51729 9 3 . 3 3 1 VV 0.0532 2510.82568 710.99536 10 3 . 9 3 5 BB 0.0490 1449.13989 446.86075 11 4.688VV 0.1058 6415.45410 961.46576 l? 4 . 9 0 2 VV 0.0880 1373.01099 238.40355 13 5 . 0 6 5 VB 0.1136 1547.85156 203.38617 14 6.417VB 0.1271 1003.07611 116.21544 15 6 . 9 8 4 BV 0.1099 2.51547e4 2948.68262 16 7 . 1 5 1 VV 0.0664 565.47302 133.03734 17 7 . 6 2 5 VV 0.1394 915.57300 97.97599 18 8 . 2 3 2 VV 0.1205 1.93324e4 2126.38550 19 8 . 4 5 2 VP 0 . 1 1 7 1 3.08571e4 3450.46655 20 1 0 . 3 7 8 BV 0.0995 3031.05444 468.25830 2 1 1 0 . 5 9 4 VV 0.1103 712.63141 56.32066 22 1 2 . 0 7 2 BB 0.1079 4259.34424 603.62341 2 3 2 2 . 8 9 6 BB 0.1687 535.88092 48.57705 24 2 6 . 3 7 6 BB 0.1572 604.96515 57.85236 2 5 4 4 . 7 3 9 BV 0.4470 5340.22754 141.91687 2 6 4 5 . 9 2 3 VV 341.10275 0.5503 1.58554e4 2 7 4 7 . 0 8 1 VV 0.5416 2.74564e4 611.25232 28 4 8 . 1 8 8 VV 0.5696 4.22766e4 914.77734 2 9 4 9 . 2 4 9 VV 0.5650 6.17451e4 1296.95154 0.4511 5.54138e4 1491.42151 30 5 0 . 1 8 1 V P
reaK Ketllme l y p e 8
wlatn
[min]
Totals :
1.13671e6
Area %
0.29618 0.11614 1.50209 69.70984 0.90766 0.07347 0.20672 0.06092 0.22088 0.12749 0.56439 0.12079 0.13617 0.08824 2.21294 0.04975 0.08055 1.70073 2.71459 0.26665 0.06269 0.37471 0.04714 0.05322 0.46980 1.39485 2.41542 3.71919 5.43190 4.87492
I
1.56952e5
= = f = = = = = l = E = P Z I = = t X = = E P = = = ~ = i i * = P = = = t C = = X B t ~ = = = = = = ~ = = ~ ~ ~ = ~ = = = = ~ 2 s ~ : ~ ~ = ~ = : :
* * * End o f R e p o r t * * *
Instrzrneni 2 8 / 2 2 / 0 2 1 : 3 5 : 5 8 PM I n t a n i a P e r r n a t a
PeaK ~et'l'lme l'ype rrlatn # [minl [min]
----1-------1----1-------\----------\----------1--------
-
'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0.731 BV 0.902 VV 0.972 VV S 1.293 VV S 1.354 VB S 1.518 VB X 2.203 BV 3.082 VV 3.331 W 3.935 BB 4.688 W 4.902 W 5.065 VB 6.417 VB 6.984BV 7.151 VV 7.625 VV 8.232 W 8.452 VP 10.378 BV 10.594 VV 12.072 BB 22.896 BB 26.376 BB 44.739 BV 45.923 W 47.081 VV 48.188 VV 49.249 VV 50.181VP
Totals :
Area [pA*s]
Helght [ PA]
Area %
I 0.0329 3366.69824 1484.18652 0.29618 0.0408 1320.12415 493.51382 0.11614 0.0692 1.70745e4 3483.52490 1.50209 0.0835 7.92401e5 1.21148e5 69.70984 0.0143 1.03174e4 1.08094e4 0.90766 0.0192 835.15582 675.87341 0.07347 0.0313 2349.87012 1135.23413 0.20672 0.0477 692.44983 216.51729 0.06092 0.0532 2510.82568 710.99536 0.22088 0.0490 1449.13989 446.86075 0.12749 0.1058 6415.45410 961.46576 0.56439 0.0880 1373.01099 238.40355 0.12079 0.1136 1547.85156 203.38817 0.13617 0.1271 1003.07611 116.21544 0.08824 0.1099 2.51547e4 2948.68262 2.21294 0.0664 565.47302 133.03734 0.04975 97.97599 0.08055 0.1394 915.57300 0.1205 1.93324e4 2126.38550 1.70073 0.1171 3.08571e4 3450.46655 2.71459 0.0995 3031.05444 468.25830 0.26665 0.1103 712.63141 96.32066 0.06269 0.1079 4259.34424 603.62341 0.37471 0.1687 535.88092 48.57705 0.04714 0.1572 604.96515 57.85236 0.05322 0.4470 5340.22754 141.91687 0.46980 0.5503 1.58554e4 341.10275 1.39485 0.5416 2.74564e4 611.25232 2.41542 0.5696 4.22766e4 914.77734 3.71919 0.5650 6.17451e4 1296.95154 5.43190 0.45115.54138e4 1491.42151 4.87492 1.13671e6 1.56952e5
* * * End of Report * * *
Instrument 2 8/22/02 1:3.6:58 PM Intania Permata
Pzge 2 of 2
Sample Name: Lemon segar
Data File C:\HPCHEM\2\DATA\NLM\SIG10018.D sampel dari lemon segar ..................................................................... ......................................................... Injection Date : 9/9/02 12:55:03 PM Vial : : Lemon segar Sample Name Inj: Acq. Operator : Intania Permata Inj Volume : : C:\HPCHEM\2\METHODS\LEMON.M Acq. Method Last changed : 9/3/02 11:51:47 AM by Intania Permata Analysis Method : C:\HPCHEM\2\METHODS\LEMON.M Last chanqed : 9/9/02 2:04:29 PM by Intania Permata
..................................................................... .....................................................................
Area Percent Report
..................................................................... .....................................................................
Sorted By Multiplier Dilution Signal 1: FIDl A,
Signal 1.0000 1.0000
1 1 Manually
Data )File C:\HPCHEM\2\DATA\NLM\SIG10018.D Peak RetTime Type # [min] ____1_______1____1_ 1 0.501 BV S 0.725VVT 2 3 0.965 VV T 4 1.275 VV S 1.333VBS 5 6 2.178 PB 7 3.054 VP 8 3.295 BP 9 3.901 BV 10 4.626 VV 11 4.845 VV 12 5.011 VB 13 6.302 BP 14 6.870 BV 15 7.494 VV 16 8.038 VV 17 8.307 VP 18 8.808 VV 9.268VB 19 20 10.337 BV 21 10.530 VV 22 12.046BB 23 22.818 BB 24 26.298 BB Totals :
Width [min] 0.0192 0.0282 0.0669 0.0776 0.0147 0.0314 0.0444 0.0520 0.0522 0.0887 0.0778 0.0925 0.1163 0.0950 0.1315 0.1341 0.1130 0.0891 0.0970 0.0995 0.0994 0.1077 0.1408 0.1374
Area [pA*s] 1.34737e4 2298.35669 1.49196e4 7.88628e5 7316.38721 1701.85144 750.95264 1976.14905 1191.04456 5658.23340 1892.02063 1478.35510 1085.76184 1.41828e4 843.51605 1.04372e4 2.26108e4 602.87830 933.03027 5830.17871 987.36737 8045.90283 1001.17279 525.37817
Sample Name: Lemon segar Height [PA]
Area
9812.54492 1228.18921 3080.28052 1.22352e5 8310.79980 818.92236 251.52255 576.72882 345.53415 938.73712 361.81421 230.38280 144.82391 2052.62866 95.83817 1030.92480 2552.28296 103.04858 149.09984 864.00586 143.57489 1061.12695 90.13723 49.82541
1.48328 0.25302 1.64246 86.81787 0.80544 0.18735 0.08267 0.21755 0.13112 0.62290 0.20829 0.16275 0.11953 1.56134 0.09286 1.14900 2.48916 0.06637 0.10271 0.64183 0.10870 0.88575 0.11022 0.05784
9.a
9.08370e5 1.56645e5
.....................................................................
* * * End of Report * * *
Instrument 2 9/9/02 2:00:42 PM Intania Permata
Page 2 of 2
File
Operator Acquired
: : :
C:\HPCHEM\2\UATA\020920-D.D IDS 20 Sep 2002
13:26
u s i l l y .\ 2yMeLllod
Instrument : GC/MS I n s S a m p l e Name: L e m o n 2 ( P r e s s ) MiscInfo : V i a l Number: 1 TIC: 020920-D.D
Lampiran 6. Waktu rentensi, RPA peak-peak kromatogram GC minyak jeruk segar dan dari limbah irisan hasil pres dingin
1
NO Peak
1
W a h u) : ( , : " retensi
1
irisan
RPA (%) kulit segar
Lampiran 7.
Peak 1 2 3 4 5 6
Retensi Time 2.16 2.19 2.54 2.77 2.81 2.95
15 16
5.27 5.50
19 20 21 22 23 24
1
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33
1
6.16 6'39 6.82 7.80 8.09 8.16 8.40 8.68 898 9.22 9.29 9.68 10.48
Hasil identifikasi GC-MS jeruk lemon dari limbah kulit irisan
Area
'
1 1
'
11.26
Library
Ref
Cas
Qua1
I
I%) 0.10 Mfa-Pinen 0.2 1 Alfa-Pinen 0.17 Sabinen 0.50 Beta-Mirsen 1.13 Mirsen 0. l l , Propen 3,3,3=D3
253 12 000080-56-8 25368 000080-56-8 25337 003387-41-5 24946 000123-35-3 25389 000123-35-3 I 1621001517-51=7
95 96 95 97 97 49
0.06 0.29
40555 010482-56-1 42667 000112-31-2
46 81
Alfa-Terpineol Desil Aldehid
/
0.46 Geraniol 4,65 e-Sitral (Geranial) 0.15 Tridekanal (Dodecmd) 0.05 Carbamic acid (Etil ester) 0.10 Tridekanal (Dodecanal) 0.20 Beta-Kariopilen 0.77 Trans-Alfa-Bergamoten 0.09 Trans-Beta-Farnem --0.04 15-~rown-5-~entaoxa 0.09 Cis-Alfa-Bisabolen 1.13 Beta-Bisabolen 0.04 Pentaoxanonadecan-1-01 0.06 15-Crown-5-Pentaoxa
1
1
'
0.06
I Propen 3,3,3-D3
1
40553 37672 834 19 4182 83419 89693 89689 89697 104892 89674 8964 1 172974 104892
1 000106-26-3 1 000241 -27-5 0 10486-19-8 000051-79-6 010486-19-8 000087-44-5 013474-59-4 028973-97-9 033 100-27-5 017627-44-0 000495-6 1-4 09 1786-94-3 033 100-27-5
162 ( 001517-51-7
97 95 64 40 70 99 91 53 38 99 98 37 47
-
1
47
35
1
1
11.87
1
1
0.04
35 37
12.54 19.33
0.07 1.00
38
23.24
0.53
1.4,7210,13.16 1 147533 / 017455-13-9 Hexaoxacyclootadec 15-Crown-5-Pentacxa 104592 033 100-27-5 1,2 Bet~smdicaP\ioxylic 96361 000603-11-2 acid Pentadeuterio-2-asetil-l1023 1 008000-00-8 pirolin
1
I
43 43 87 47
Lampiran 8. Rumus Bangun Beberapa Komponen Minyak Lemon
P-Mirsen (C10H16) ( B M 136,26) C=CH-CH2-CH2-C-CH=CH2
/
Cis-Osimen (Cl0H,,) (BM 136,23)
H2C
\\ /
a-Pinen (CI0Hl6) (BM 136,23)
CH3
I
I1
C-CH2-CH2-CH=C-CH=CH2
I
Sabinen (C10H16) CH2 (BM 136,23) II
CH2
11
P-Bisabolen (ClsH2,) (BM 204,34)
CH2
*/
/C\ H2C
CH
\
iH2
I
I
Trans Kariopilen (C15H2,j (BM 204,34)
Linalool (BM 154,241
Geraniol (CIOHIRO) (BM 154,241
Nerol (CIOHISO) (BM 154,24)
H2C
\C-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-CH3
H3
I
HC-CH20H
H3
HO-H2C-C-H
Nonil Aldehid (C9HIRO) (BM 142,23)
Dodekanal (C12H2,0) (BM 184,3 1 )
Sitronelal (C 1211200) (BM 184,273
Desil aldehid (C10H200)
Sitral ( C I 0 H l 6 0 j
d-Limonen (C10H16j (BM 136,23)
Bergamoten (C21H2204 j (BM 338,33)
CH3
I
H2C
I
Tr
r" f\iH
"li i 7 \
HC-CH
