54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adamson, A.W. and A. P. Gast. 1990. Physical Chemistry of Surface. 6th edition. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York.
Agung S. 2014. Kajian Adsorpsi Ion-Ion Logam Divalen Ca(II), Cu(II), dan CD(II) oleh Biomassa Alga Merah Porphyridium sp. Skripsi. FMIPAUNILA. Lampung.
Alcantara, E.F.C, Faria, E.A., Rodrigues, D.V., Evangelista, S.M., De Oliveira, E., Zara, L.F., Rabelo, D.,and Prado, A.G.S. 2007. Modification of Silica Gel by Attachment of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole for Use in Removing Hg(II) from Aqueous Media : A Thermodynamic Approach. Journal Colloid and Interface Sci., 311: 1-7.
Al Homaidan, A.A., H.J. Al-Houri, A.A. Al-Hazzani, G Elgaaly, and N.M.S. Moubadey. 2013. Biosorption of cooper ion from aqueous solution by Spirulina plantesis biomass. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 7 (11): 57-62
Amaria. 2005. Immobilisasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae Limbah Fermentasi Industri bir melalui Pembentukan Sol-Gel Silika dan Aplikasinya untuk Adsorpsi Kation-kation Logam Berat. USU. Surabaya.
Annonim. Pembuangan Limbah Industry Secara Langsung ke Lingkungan. https://www.google.com/#q=pencemaran+logam+berat, diakses: 2 Desember 2013.
Arylza IS. 2005. Isolasi pigmen biru fikosianin dari mikroalgaSpirulina platensis. Jurnal Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 38: 79-92.
Atkins, P.W. 1999. Kimia Fisika Jilid 3. Erlangga. Jakarta.
55
Badruddoza. A.Z.M. A.S.H. Tay, P.Y. Tan,.K. Hidayat, and M.S. Uddin. 2011. Carboxymethyl-ß-cyclodextrinconjugated magnetic nanoparticles as nanoadsorbents for removal of copperions: Synthesis and adsorption studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 185: 1177-1186.
Badrudoza, A.Z.M., Shawon, Z., B.Z, Tay, W.J.D., Hidayat, K., Uddin, M,S., 2013. Fe3O4 /cyclodextrin polymer nanocomposite for selective heavy metals removal from industrial waste water. Carbohydrate Polymers. 91: 322 – 332.
Bhatia and Rimple B, 1998, Direct immobilization of horseradishperoxide (hrp) in the phenyl – modified hybrid mesoporous sol – gel materials, Journal Material Chemistry., 11: 29-35
Blais, J.F., B. Dufresne, and G. Mercier. 2000. State of the art of technologies for metal removal from industrial effluents. Rev. Sci. Eau. 12(4); 687-771. Brinker, C. J. and Scherer, G. W. 1990. Sol-Gel Science – The physics and Chemistry of Sol – Gel Processing. New York, Academic Press.
Borowitzka, M.A. Borowitzka, L.J. 1988. Micro-algae Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Buhani. 2003. Adsorpsi ion logam Cu(II), Cd(II), dan Pb(II) pada bomassa yang dimodifikasi silika gel. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi. 9 (2) : 31-38.
Buhani, Suharso, dan Sembiring, Z. 2006. Biosorption of metal ions Pb(II), Cd(II), dan Cu(II) on S. duplicatum immobilized silica gel matrix. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry. 6 (3): 245-250.
Buhani, Suharso, dan Sumadi (2008), Peningkatan Kapasitas dan Selektivitas Adsorbsi Biomassa Alga terhadap Logam Berat dengan Teknik Sol Gel. Lampung; Penelitian Hibah Bersaingan 2008. Universitas Lampung.
Buhani and Suharso, 2009a. Immobilization of Nannochloropsis sp biomass by sol-gel technique as adsorbent of metal ion Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 21 (5): 3799-3808.
56
Buhani, Narsito, Nuryono, and E.S. Kunarti. 2009b. Amino and mercapto-silica hybrid for Cd(II) adsorption in aqueous solution. Indonesian Jounal of Chemistry. 9 (2): 170-176
Buhani, Suharso and Sumadi. 2010a. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of Cd(II) ion on Nanochloropsis sp biomass imprinted ionic polymer. Desalination. 259: 140-149
Buhani, Narsito, Nuryono and Kunarti, E.S., 2010b. Production of metal ion imprinted polymer from mercapto-silica through sol-gel process as selective adsorben of cadmium. Desalination. 251:83-89
Buhani, Suharso, Yuliasari, D.W., Aprilia, L. 2013. Modification of Tetraselmis sp algae biomass with silica-coated magnetic and its application as heavy metal adsorbent. Separation and Purification Technolog. manuscript number : SEPPUR-S-13-01460
Castellan. G.W. 1982. Physical Chemistry. Third edition. General Graphic services. New York.
Chang Y.C, Chen D H. 2005. Preparation and adsorption properties of monodisperse chitosan-bound Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for removal of Cu(II) ions. Journal of Colloid Interface Science. 283: 446-451.
Cullity, B.D. 1967. Element of X- Ray Diffraction, Addison-Wisley Publishing Company Inc, New York.
Deng, L., Y., Su, H., Wang, X., and Zhu, X. 2007. Sorption and desorption of lead (II) from waste water by green algae Cladophora fascicularis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 :220-225
Donia, A.M., Atia, AA., Abouyazed, F.I. 2012. Preparation and characterization of nano-magnetic cellulose with fast kinetic properties towards the adsorption of some metal ions. Chemistry English Journal. 191: 22-30.
Fahmiati, Nuryono dan Narsito. 2004. Kajian Kinetika Adsorpsi Cd(II), Ni(II) dan Mg(II) Pada Silika Gel Termodifikasi 3-Merkapto-1,2,4-Triazol. Alchemy. 3(2): 22-28.
57
Filha, V.L.S.A., Wanderley, de Sausa, K.S., Espinola, J.P.G., da Fonseca, M.G., Arakaki, I.N.H. 2006. Thermodynamic properties of divalent cations complexed by ethylenesulfide immobilized on silica gel. Colloids and Surface A: Physicochemistry Engineering Aspects. 279. 64-68.
Gupta,V.K., and Rastogi, A. 2008. Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra species: kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal Hazardous Materials. 152: 407–14. Hook, J.R. , and H.E. Hall. 1991. Solid state physics. 2nd edition, John Willey & Sons: England/Chichester, hal: 241.
Hu. Q.H . Qiao. S.Z. Haghseresht, F. Wilson, MA. Lu..G.Q. 2006. Adsorption study for removal of basic red dye using bentonite. Indonesia Engineering Chemistry. Res 45. 733-738.
Huheey, J.E., E.A., Keiter and R.L., Keiter. 1993. Inorganic chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reacrivity. 4th editon. Harpelcolling College Publisher. New York
Husin, H. dan C.M. Rosnelly. 2005. Studi Kinetika Adsorpsi Larutan Logam Timbal (Pb)Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari batang Pisang, [Tesis]. Fakultas teknik universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.
Jal, P.K., Patel, S., and Mishra, B.K., 2004, Chemical Modification of Silica Surface by Immobilization of Functional Groups for Extractive Concentration of Metal Ions. Talanta. 62: 1005-1028.
Jenkins, R. dan Snyder, R.L., 1996, Introduction to X-ray Powder Diffractometry, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
Jin, X. G. W. Bailey, Y.S. Yu, and of single and multiple metal ion sorption processes on humic substances. Soils Science. 161:509-519
A.T. Lynch. 1996. Kinetics Kalaphaty, U., Proctor, A., and Shultz, J. 2002. An Improved Method for Production of Silica from Rice Hull Ash. Bioresource. 85 : 285-289.
58
Karaca, M. 2008. Biosorption of aqueous Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions by Dunaliella salina, OOcystis sp., Porphyridium cruentum, and Scenesdesmusprotuberans prior to atomic spectrometric determination, [Thesis]. Izmir Institute of Technology. Turki.
Keenan, C.W. and W. Kleinfelter. 1984. Ilmu Kimiai Untuk Universitas Edisi Keenam. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Khasanah, E. N. 2006. Termodinamika Adsorpsi Ag(I) dan Ni(II) pada Hibrida Amina-Silika dari Abu sekam Padi. (Skripsi). FMIPA-UGM. Yogyakarta
Khopkar, S.M. 2001. Konsep Dasar kimia Analitik. UI Press. Jakarta.
Koko, T. (2008). Alga Mikro Scenedesmus Sp. Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Bahan Baku Biodisel di Indonesia. Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah (LKTI), Yogyakarta
Kumar, A., Gaurav, Malik, A.K., Tewary, D.K, and Singh, B., 2008, A review on development of solid phase micro extraction fibers by sol-gel methods and their application, Analysis Chemistry Acta, 610: 1-14.
Larraza, M. Lopez-Gonzales, T. Corrales, and G. Marcelo. (2012). Hybrid materials: Magnetite-Polyethylenimine-Montmorillonite, as magnetic adsorbent for Cr(VI) water treatment, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 385:24-23.Lud Waluyo. 2012. Mikrobiologi Umum. UMM Press. Malang.
Li, F., Jiang, H., and Zhang, S. 2007 An Ion-Imprinted Silica-Supported OrganicInorganic Hybrid Sorbent Prepared by a Surface Imprinting Technique Combined with a Polysaccharide Incorporated Sol-Gel Process For Selective Separation of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solution. Talanta 71: 1487-1493.
Lin, H. Chen, K. Lin, B. Chen, and C.Chiou. (2011). Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb cooper ions in aqueous solution. J. Environt. Sci., 23: 44-50.
59
Manahan, C. A and Halcombe, A. James. (1992). Immobilization of algae cells on silica gel and the characterization for trace metal preconcentration, Analysis Chemistry. P.64, 1933-1939
Martell, A.E., and R.D. Hancock. 1996. Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Plenum Press, New York.
Meite, M.D and M.N.V. Prasad. 2013. Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) biosorption on spirodela polyrhiza schleiden biomass. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 1:200-207
Noll, K.E., V. Gournaris. And W.S. Hou. 1992. Adsorption Technology for Air and Water Polution Control. Pp. 1-8. Lewish Publisher Inc. Michigan.
Oscik, J. 1982. Adsorption. John Willey & Sons, Inc. New York.
Oscik, J. and I.L. Cooper. 1994. Adsorption. Ellis Horwood Publisher, Ltd. Chichester.
Pankhurst, Q.A., J. Connolly., S.K. Jones., and J. Dobson. 2003. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. Journal Physics. 36: R167-R181.
Park, D., Y.S. Yun, J.H. Jo, and J.M. Park. 2005. Mechanism of Hexavalent Chromium Removal by Dead Fungal Biomass of Aspergillus niger. Water Research. Vol. 39 ; p. 533–540. Patel, R. and S. Suresh. 2008. Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of reactive black 5 dye by Aspergillus foetidus. Journal Bioresource Technology. 99(1): 51-58.
Putra, S.E. 2006. Tinjauan Kinetika dan Termodinamika Proses Adsorpsi Ion Logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu oleh Biomassa Alga Nannochloropsis sp.Yang DiImmobilisasi Polietilamina-Glutaraldehid. Laporan Penelitian. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.
Pearson, R.G. 1998. Hard soft acids and bases, HSAB, Part 1. Fundamental Principles. Journal of Chemical Education, 45: 581
60
Qu, R., Niu, Y., Sun, C., Ji, C., Wang, C., and Cheng, G. 2006. Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties for metal ions of silica gel functionalized by ester and amino-terminated dendrimer-like polyamidoamine polymer. Microporous and Mesoporous Mater. 97: 58-65
Quintanilla,D.P., Sanchez, A.S., Del Heirro,I., Fajardum., and sierra, I. 2008. Amino and mercapto silica hybrid for Cd(II) adsorption in aqueous solution. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry.
Ren, Y., Zhang, and Zhao, D. 2008. Syntesis and properties Cu(II )ion imprinted composite adsorbent for selective removal of cooper. Desalination. 228: 135-139.
Reynold, T.D. 1982. Unit Operation and Process in Environmental Engineering. Woods Worths Inc. Texas.
Rosseau, R.W. 1987. Handbook of Separation Process Technology. John Willey and Sons Inc. United State. Pp. 67.
Santos, E. A., Pagono, R.L., Simoni, S.A., Airoldi,C.I, Cestari, A.R., and Viera, EFS. 2001. Amino and mercapto silica hybrid for Cd(II)adsorption in aqueous solution. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry.
Schubert, U., and Husing, N. 2000. Syntesis of Inorganic Materials. Wiley-VCH. New York
Skoog, A. Douglas, F James Holler, A. Timothy, and Nieman. 2000. Principles of Instrumental Analysis Fifth ed. Saunders College Publishing. London.
Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A. 2006. Comercial applications of microalgae. Jounal Bioscience and Bioengineering 101 (2): 87–96.
Stum, Z. and J.J. Morgan. 1996. Aquatic Chemistry : Chemical Equilibria in Natural Water. 3rd ed. John Willey and Sons Inc. new York.
Sudjadi. Penentuan Struktur Senyawa Organik. Ghalia Indonesia. Bandung. 1983.
61
Sukardjo. 1990. Ikatan Kimia. Rineka Cipta. Yogyakarta.
Supratman, U. 2010. Eqiulibrium Penentuan Senyawa Organik. Padjajaran. Bandung.
Susilawati. 2009. Studi Adsorpsi Ion Logam Cd(II) oleh Biomassa Alga Hijau yang Diimmobilisasi pada Silika Gel. (Skripsi). Universitas Indonesia. Depok. Vashishta, B.R., A K Sinha, dan V P Singh. 2004. Botany for Degree Student – Algae. New Delhi : S. Chand Group
Vonshak, A. 1998. Porphyridium. Microalga Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press. New York.
Xin , X., Wei, Q., Yang., J., Yan, L., Feng, R., Chen, G., Du, B., Li, H. 2012. Highly efficient removal of heavy metal ions by amine-functionalized mesophorous Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Chemistry Engineering Journal. 184: 132-140.
Zhang. L.L., Zhao, Y., Yu, and C. Chen. 1998. Removal of leadfrom aqueous solution by non living. Analitica Chimica Acta. 124: 57-63