CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This thesis deals with three main research items, the first is data source, the second is data collecting method and the third is data analyzing method. Research method can be namely as scientific way to get the data with purpose and certain use. Research method consist of qualitative method and quantitative method, which both of them has a different meaning. Sugiyono (2009: 15) says that “Kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah (sebagai lawannya adalah eksperimen), dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrument kunci, analisis data bersifat kualitatif dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi.” Qualitative is research method which based on filsafat postpositivisme, which used to examine on condition of object in nature (as side of experiment), where the examiner as key instrument, the analysis data is qualitative and the result of qualitative method more empasize to meaning more than generalisation.
3.1 Data Source The data in this thesis are taken from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide. This user guide is choosen as the source data based on the consideration that this user guide has a variety of direct translation procedures.
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This user guide of mobile phone is chosen as the source data based on the consideration that this mobile phone has a direct procedures. In reference to the data, this study focuses on translation as a product.
3.2 Population
In collecting the data, the writer as the researcher needs population and sample of this research.
Sugiyono(2009) “Populasi adalah wilayah generalisasi yang terdiri atas: obyek/subject yang mempunyai kualitas dan karakteristik tertentu yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulannnya.” Population is generalitation area which consist of obyek/subyek who has quality and special characteristics that determined by the researcher to study and then make the conclusion.
3.3 Sample
In collecting the data, the writer as the researcher needs population and sample as object of this research. Sample adalah sebagian dari populasi itu. Sample is the part of the population. Sample in this analysis is from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide.
In qualitative research, the technique of sampling who usually use is purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling is the technique with
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the special consideration. Snowball sampling is technique which the first has a few account but can be a big account. In this analysis I use the purposive sampling because this sampling is match for this analysis.
Sample in qualitative research is teoritis sample, because the purpose of qualitatif research is get a theory. Sample in qualitative reseach also called as constructive sample.
3.4 Data Collecting Method This thesis is conducted in the form of library research in which the data is in the form of English and Indonesia language. The data are collected in the mobile phone user guide that is written in two language, English and Indonesia. The Source Language (SL) text is observed to find the direct translation procedures in the data are exist or not, which are used as a basis of the research data. The data that are considered to be relevant for this study are collected using technique of sampling.
3.5 Data Analyzing Method In analyzing tha data in this thesis, I use the descriptive qualitative method. The qualitative research also called as naturalistic qualitative research because the researching doing on natural setting. Qualitative research is more descriptive because the data shaped of words and more emphasize on process than product.
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According to Bogdan and Biklen (1982:21 in Sugiyono: 2009) “qualitative research is descriptive, it means tha data collected are in the form of words of pictures rather than number. Descriptive qualitative method is applied by giving a description of the result of analysis of Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User guide. The qualitative research also called as naturalistic qualitative research because the researching doing on natural setting. Qualitative research is more descriptive because the data shaped of words and more emphasize on process more than product. The data is analyzed in two steps. First, the researcher tabulated all of the selected data consisting of direct translation procedures. Second, the researcher categorized and classified the kinds of direct translation procedures. The classification is done by grouping the data depending on the problem. The purpose the tabulated here to find out the direct translation and the differencies both kinds of translation method. This analysis is done by finding the direct translation through the contexts of both the source language and the target language. Descriptive research consists of explaining about variable which examine, by give the definition, complex explanation from another referency, so that the something who recearching is more complete and directed. In the analyzing qualitative data, Bogdan (in Sugiyono: 2009), says that: Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging the interview transcripts, fieldnotes and other materials that you accumulate to increase your own understanding of them and to enable you to present what you hace discovered to others.
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Tatari Prasasty (2002:4) in her thesis “An analysis of english Lexical Borrowing Found in PT. Nestle Indonesia’s Catalogue” gives a contribution to this thesis. She uses the descriptive qualitative method in writing the thesis. She also uses common statistic formula based on “Educational Statistic” to count the percentage of each type of lexical borrowing. Then she draws the percentages of each lexical borrowing on a table.
From the explanation above, the way to analize the data from Nokia 2600 Mobile phone User Guide as follow: -
collecting data from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide
-
identifying data from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide
-
classifying data from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide
-
doing to analyze the data from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide to find out the direct translation procedures. From the way above, the writer try to analyze the data to find out the direct
translation procedures, like borrowing, calque and literal translation. After that the writer make the angka to give the result from the data..
In this thesis, I also draw tables for making classification of each direct translation, such as borrowing, calque and literal translation. I draws a table to differenciate the example of each borrowing, calque and literal
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Percentage of each direct translation procedures: No
Types of direct translation
Number of cases
Percentages
1
Borrowing
44
44 %
2
Calque
3
3%
3
Literal translation
173
173 %
Total
220 cases
220 %
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 ANALYSIS In this chapter, I analyze the direct translation procedures, which can be found in the data collected from Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User guides. As have been mentioned in chapter II, the direct translation procedures consists of borrowing, calque and literal translation.
4.1.1 Direct Translation Procedure Direct translation procedures are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into target language. Direct translation procedures by Vinay and Darbelnet, consist of three types. The first is borrowing, the second is calque and the third is literal translation or word for word.
4.1.2 Borrowing Borrowing is considered as the simplest of all the translation method. In translating a term from the source language (SL) into target language (TL), foreign terms may be used to overcame a gap in term, of meaning. Borrowing is often applied to inturodice the content of the source language.
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This procedures means that one language borrows an expression form from another language.
4.1.3 Calque A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a lnguage borrows an expression form of another, but then the form is translated literally in terms each of its elements. The calque is divided into two parts, they are is 1) lexical qalque 2) structural calque. Lexical qalque happens at the level of syntactic elements, while structural calque happens at the level of constructions of language. This procedures means that one language borrows an expression form from another language, but each of its elements then translated literally.
4.1.4 Literal or word for word Literal translation is also known word for word translation. It is the direct transfer of a Source language (SL) text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropiate TL text in which translator’s task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL. In principle, a literal translation is a unique solution which is reversible and complete in itself.
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AN ANALYSIS
No 1
layanan jaringan
SL
TL network services
Cases L
2
pengisi daya dan perangkat tambahan
chargers and L enhancements
3
informasi umum
general information
4
stiker pada kemasan telepon
stickers in the B sales package
5
kode akses
access codes
6
inserting a SIM card
memasang SIM
7
mengisi daya baterai
charging battery
8
mengaktifkan atau menonaktifkan
switching on or L off
9
fungsi-fungsi panggilan
call functions
L
10
membuat panggilan
making a call
L
11
memanggil ulang
redialling
L
12
panggilan cepat
speed dialling
L
13
menjawab panggilan
answering a call
L
14
mengunci tombol
locking keypad
15
menulis text
writing text
L
16
fungsi-fungsi menu
menu functions
B
L
B kartu L
the L
the L
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17
daftar menu fungsi
list of functions
menu L
18
pesan
message
L
19
menulis pesan
writing a message
L
20
pesan masuk
inbox
C
21
konsep
drafts
L
22
berita terkirim
sent items
L
23
obrolan
chat
L
24
pesan gambar
picture message
L
25
daftar distribusi
distribusi list
L
26
pesan yang disaring
screened messages L
27
hapus pesan
delete message
L
28
penghitung pesan
message counter
L
29
pengaturan pesan
message settings
L
30
kontak
contacts
B
31
mencari nama
searching name
L
32
nomor telepon
phone number
L
33
pengaturan kontak
settings contacts
34
register
call register
L
35
daftar panggilan terakhir
recent call lists
L
36
penghitung waktu panggilan
call timers
L
37
pengaturan
settings
L
for L
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38
pengaturan nada
tones
L
39
pengaturan tampilan
display settings
L
40
profil
profile
B
41
pengaturan waktu
time settings
L
42
pengaturan panggilan
phone settings
L
43
pengaturan biaya
cost settings
L
44
pengaturan perangkat tambahan
enhancement settings
L
45
jam alarm
alarm clock
L
46
pengingat
reminders
L
47
permainan
games
L
48
ekstra
extras
B
49
kalkulator
calculator
B
50
converter
converter
B
51
spreadsheet
spreadsheet
B
52
kalender
calender
B
53
penghitung waktu mundur
countdown timer
L
54
stopwatch
stopwatch
B
55
composer
composer
B
56
layanan sim
sim service
L
57
informasi baterai
battery information
L
58
pengisian
charging
L
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59
pengosongan
discharging
L
60
perangkat tambahan asli
geneuine enhancements
L
61
baterai
battery
B
62
perawatan
care
L
63
pemeliharaan
maintenance
L
64
pertanggungan terbatas
limited warranty
L
65
indeks
index
B
66
aktifkan
switch on
L
67
nonaktifkan
switch off
L
68
gangguan
interference
L
69
layanan resmi
qualified service
L
70
panggilan darurat
emergency calls
L
71
penyedia layanan seluler
wireless provider
72
kode akses
access codes
B
73
kode pengaman
security code
L
74
kode pin
pin code
B
75
kartu sim akan diblokir
the sim card is L blocked
76
ubah kode akses
change codes
77
pengaturan pengaman
security settings
L
78
modus siaga
stanby mode
L
service L
access L
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79
kekuatan sinyal jaringan seluler
signal intensity of L the cellular phone
80
tingkat daya baterai
battery level
81
tombol navi
navi key
L
82
tombol daya
power key
L
83
tombol hapus/keluar
clear/exit key
L
84
tombol gulir
scrool keys
L
85
nomor yang terakhir dipakai
last number
86
mengakses cara pintas menu
access the menu L shortcuts
87
penyedia layanan
service provider
L
88
operator jaringan
network operator
L
89
komponen elektronik
electronic components
B
90
panggilan konferensi
conference call
L
91
berpartisipasi dalam panggilan yang sama
participate in the L same call
92
pilihan
options
L
93
menu
menu
B
94
edit
edit
B
95
menolak panggilan
reject the call
L
96
pengoperasian saat panggilan berlangsung in-call operations
charge L
dialled L
L
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97
bersuara
mute
L
98
tidak bersuara
unmute
L
99
tunggu
hold
L
100
lepaskan
unhold
L
101
panggilan baru
new call
L
102
jawab
answer
L
103
tolak
reject
L
104
akhiri semua panggilan
end all calls
L
105
mendengarkan pesan suara
listening to voice L message
106
nomor kotak suara
voice number
107
pengalihan panggilan
divert calls
108
mengunci tombol
locking keypad
109
kunci tombol otomatis
automatic keyguard
L
110
pengaturan pengaman tombol
keyguard settings
L
111
pengaturan telepon
phone settings
L
112
nomor darurat
emergency number
L
113
spasi
space
B
114
submenu
submenu
B
115
cari
search
L
116
tambah kontak
add contact
L
mailbox L
L the L
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117
hapus
delete
L
118
tentukan nada
assign tone
L
119
kirim momor telepon
send number
120
salin
copy
L
121
pengaturan
settings
L
122
nomor layanan
service number
L
123
nomor informasi
info number
L
124
panggilan tak terjawab
missed calls
L
125
panggilan masuk
received calls
L
126
panggilan keluar
dialled calls
L
127
hapus daftar panggilan terakhir
delete recent call L lists
128
lama panggilan
call duration
L
129
waktu alarm
alarm time
L
130
nada alarm
alarm tone
L
131
ulangi alarm
repeat Alarm time
L
132
pengingat
reminders
L
133
kirim
send
L
134
pilihan pengiriman
sending options
L
135
kirim ke daftar
send to list
L
136
pilihan sisipan
insert options
L
137
font kecil
small fonts
B
phone L
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138
simpan pesan
save message
L
139
hapus text
clear text
L
140
keluar editor
exit editor
L
141
petunjuk
instructions
L
142
kamus
dictionary
L
143
rincian
details
B
144
pesan terkirim
message sent
L
145
nama obrolan
chat name
L
146
riwayat obrolan
chat history
L
147
edit teks
edit text
B
148
simpan gambar
save picture
L
149
laporan pengiriman
delivery reports
L
150
tambah daftar
add list
L
151
lihat daftar
view list
L
152
layanan info
info service
L
153
template
templates
B
154
smiley
smileys
B
155
tanda tangan
signatures
L
156
profil pengiriman
sending profil
L
157
nomor pusat layanan
message number
158
teks
text
centre L
B
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159
faks
fax
B
160
pager
paging
B
161
e-mail
e-mail
B
162
validitas pesan
message validity
L
163
editor perintah layanan
service com.editor
L
164
memori telepon
phone memory
L
165
memori kartu sim
sim memory
card’s L
166
daftar telepon internal
internal book
phone L
167
pencarian cepat
quick search
L
168
daftar nama
name list
L
169
status memori
memory status
B
170
lama panggilan
call duration
L
170
nada dering
ringing tone
L
172
volume dering
ringing volume
L
173
tanda getar
vibrating alert
L
174
nada pengingat pesan
message alert tone
L
175
nada tombol
keypad tones
L
176
nada peringatan
warning tones
L
177
tema
themes
B
178
jam penghemat daya
power saver clock
L
179
logo operator
operator logo
B
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180
tampilan info sel
cell info display
L
181
waktu lampu latar
backlight time
L
182
kecerahan
brightness
L
183
screen saver
screen saver
B
184
wallpaper
wallpaper
B
185
personalisasi
personalise
B
186
pengaturan waktu dan tanggal
clock and setting
date L
187
pengalihan panggilan
call divert
188
alihkan semua panggilan suara
divert call
189
aktifkan
activate
B
190
batalkan
cancel
L
191
periksa status
check status
L
192
mengulang otomatis
automatic redial
L
193
layanan panggilan tunggu
call waiting service
L
194
kirim identitas pemanggil saya
send my identity
195
saluran telepon keluar
line outgoing calls
L
196
bahasa
language
L
197
kode pengaman tombol
keyguard code
L
198
pilihan jaringan
network selection
L
199
nada pembuka
start-up tone
L
all
L voice L
caller B
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200
pesan pembuka
welcome note
L
201
konfirmasi layanan sim
confirm service
202
ringkasan panggilan
call summary
L
203
biaya panggilan
call costs
L
203
panggilan tertentu
fixed dialling
L
204
pulsa prabayar
prepaid credit
L
205
profil standar
default profile
L
206
jawab otomatis
automatic answer
L
207
permintaan kode pin
pin code request
B
208
layanan pembatasan layanan
call baring service
L
209
tingkat pengamanan
security level
L
210
ubah kode akses
change codes
211
nada peringatan
warning tones
L
212
menghitung
calculation
L
213
konversi mata uang
currency conversion
B
214
tempo
tempo
B
215
di dalam ruangan
indoor
C
216
standard charger
standard charger
B
217
travel charger
travel charger
B
218
kendaraan
vehicle
L
sim L
access L
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219
boom headset
boom headset
B
220
panggilan darurat
emergency calls
L
The source language in this analysis is Indonesia language and the target language is English language.
4.2 FINDINGS From the analysis the data of Nokia 2600 Mobile Phone User Guide, the writer finding the each kinds of direct translation, such as borrowing, calque and literal. Firstly, the writer reads and search or analyze the data from Indonesia language and then from english language. Secondly, the writer makes the classification of each kinds of direct translation and the last, the writer tabulates the kinds of direct translation, account the many data and make the percentages of each kinds of them. Finally, the writer found 173 literal (78,63 %), 44 borrowing (20 %) and 3 calque (1,36 %).
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From the explanation above, the analysis and finding, we can see the table of the percentages of the analysis: No
Kinds of direct
Number of cases
Percentages
translation 1
Borrowing
44
20 %
2
Calque
3
1,36 %
3
Literal
173
78,63 %
Total
220 cases
99,99 % (100 %)
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION Translation is difficult something for somepeople. Which we know that translation is translate from one language to another language or translate from Source Language to Target Language to get the meaning. To translate data or something, we must follow the process of translation. When we analyze the data or something, we must follow and use the procedures which exist in translation. According Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory, the translation procedures can be divided into direct translation and oblique translation. The direct translation consists of borrowing, calque and literal translation, where the oblique translation consists of transposition, adaptation, modulation and equivalence. From the analysis, the writer found each of direct translation in the data. The writer found many literal translation, and some of borrowing and few of calque.
5.2 SUGGESTION In writing this thesis, the writer only has enough knowledge not more about translation but the writer enough to know and interested with the study of translation because of it the writer choose the title about translation. The writer learn from the lecturer, from some books and from some friend to know and understand about translation.
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But, the writer know that this thesis is not complete and not much good because the writer has a knowledge which not some with the lecturer and other people. For that, the writer hope, critics, and suggestion for all to complete my thesis, so this thesis is more complete and give the many usefull for us.
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