BRIDGE Divisi Training Departemen Teknik PT UFOAKSES SUKSES LUARBIASA Jakarta
[email protected]
Bridge | |
| |
Mengabungkan 2 atau lebih interface Mengaktifkan bridge pada 2 buah interface akan menonaktifkan fungsi routing di antara kedua interface tersebut. Proses pada layer data link Sebagian diimplementasikan pada wireless network karena : z Lebih mudah dibuat z Perangkat wireless umumnya tidak mendukung routing
System Bridge
Bridge Interface z
Berikut interface yang dapat di dibridge : Ethernet ( 802.3 )
z
VLAN
z
z
−
Merupakan bagian dari ethernet atau wiriless int.
−
Jangan melakukan bridge sebuah vlan dengan interface induknya
Wireless AP −
Untuk Wireless client harus pake WDS
z
WDS
z
EoIP
Perhatian z
z
z
Kita tidak harus memasang ip address pada sebuah bridge Jika kita tidak menonaktifkan bridge pada ip address yang terpasang pada bridge akan invalid Beban trafik pada setiap perangkat akan berat karena terjadi akumulasi trafik.
Membuat Bridge z z
z
Membuat interface bridge Memasukkan interface ethernet ke interface bridge Pastikan ip address berada dalam satu segmen
Bridge di Winbox
Assigning Ports to the Bridge
Port yang dibridge
Interface sebelum dibridge
Interface setelah dibridge
Bridge Monitoring
Bridge Loop z
z
Jika terdapat dua atau lebih jalur yang berada dalam sebuah network bridge hati2x terjadi bridge loop Untuk itu dipakai STP ( spanning Tree Protokol )
Spanning Tree Protocol z
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) −
Is defined by IEEE Standard 802.1D
−
Provides a loop free topology for any bridged LAN
−
Discovers an optimal spanning tree within the mesh network and disables the links that are not part of the tree, thus eliminating bridging loops
STP Action
STP Root Bridge z
Lowest priority
z
Lowest ID (MAC address)
z
Central point of the topology
z
Each bridge calculates shortest path to the Root Bridge
Spanning Tree
Set STP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol z
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
z
is an evolution of the STP
z
z
provides for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change than STP rstp-bridge-test package is required for the RSTP feature to be available in RouterOS
RSTP Bridge Port Roles z
Lowest priority for looped ports
z
Root port – a path to the root bridge
z
Alternative port – backup root port
z
Designated port – forwarding port
z
Backup port – backup designated port
Routed Networks vs Bridging z z
z
Routers do not forward broadcast frames Communication loops and their resultant broadcast storms are no longer a design issue in routed networks Redundant media and meshed topologies can offer traffic load sharing and more robust fault tolerance than bridged network topologies
Bridge Firewall z
z
The bridge firewall implements packet filtering and thereby provides security functions that are used to manage data flow to, from and through bridge Elements of bridge firewall are: −
Bridge Filter
−
Bridge Network Address Translation (NAT)
−
Bridge Broute
Bridge Filter z
z
Bridge filter has three predefined chains, input, forward, and output Example application is filtering broadcast traffic
Bridge NAT z
Memungkinkan kita untuk melakukan pengubahan mac address untuk trafik yang melalui bridge,baik mac address asal maupun tujuan
z
Bridge NAT menggunakan ARP
z
Ada 2 buah chain −
Src-nat : mengubah mac address asal
−
Dst-nat : mengubah mac address tujuan
Bridge Broute z
z
Bridge Broute −
makes bridge a brouter - router that performs routing on some of the packets, and bridging – on others
−
has one predefined chain, brouting, which is traversed right after a packet enters an enslaved interface before "Bridging Decision“
For example, IP can be routed, and everything else bridged (IPX)
Blok Icmp pada bridge
Bridge filter di winbox
Workshop
Konfigurasi z
Pada Router 1 bikin bridge , dan masukkan semua interface ke dalam bridge −
Wireless client tidak bisa di bridge gunakan WDS
z
Pada Router 2 aktifkan web proxy
z
Trafik http dialihkan melalui proxy
z
Pada Router 2 laukan redirecting sehingga port 80 dialihkan ke port 8080
z
Setting bridge nat
z
Chain : dstnat
z
Interface ether3
z
Mac protokol = ip
z
/ip/dst address=0.0.0.0/0 dst-port=80 protocol=tcp
z
Action =dst-nat
z
To mac-address=00:89:00……
Testing z
Apakah ada data yang lewat pada web-proxy ?
z
Apakah ada trafik pada ether3 di router 1 ?
Bridge Wireless z
WDS feature
z
Using EoIP
Bridge di Wireless
Create a bridge interface on AP and add ether1 interface to the bridge in WinBox
z
Do the same on the Station, and add ether1, wlan1 interfaces to the bridge in Winbox
z
Make sure you have communication between MikroTik routers, i.e., one router is configured as server (AP), the other one as client (station). Configure wireless interface wlan1 on AP in WinBox
z
Do the same configuration on Client wireless interface (wlan1) in Winbox
z
Create wds interface on AP and add the interface to the bridge in WinBox
z
Check whether the WDS link is established in WinBox
z
Add IP address on AP in WinBox
z
z
[admin@AP]> ip address add address=10.1.0.215/24 interface=wds-bridge [admin@Station]> ip address add address=10.1.0.216/24 interface=wds-bridge
z
z z
z
NOTE: If not using NAT/MANGLE nor anything doing with conntrack, remember to turn of it at both link ends. In the console: [admin@xx]> ip firewall connection tracking set enabled=no This will help you get the full bandwidth the wireless link can achive freeing the CPU load.
