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BANK SOAL
KOBI KELAS ONLINE BAHASA INGGRIS ANGKATAN III, IV, DAN V
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DAFTAR ISI DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................. 2 SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES ............................................. 5 SOAL ........................................................................................................................ 5 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................... 7 PARTS OF SPEECH ................................................................................................. 10 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 10 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 12 WORD ORDER ........................................................................................................ 19 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 19 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 20 DERIVATIVES ........................................................................................................... 22 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 22 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 22 ARTICLE ..................................................................................................................... 23 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 23 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 24 TENSES ...................................................................................................................... 27 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 27 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 32 CONCORD ................................................................................................................ 40 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 40 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 41 DEGREE OF COMPARISON................................................................................. 45 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 45 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 45 RELATIVE PRONOUNS ......................................................................................... 48 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 48 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 48 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ............................................................................... 50 2
SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 50 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 51 SUBJUNCTIVES ....................................................................................................... 54 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 54 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 54 CAUSATIVE VERBS................................................................................................. 57 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 57 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 57 PASSIVE VOICE ....................................................................................................... 59 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 59 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 60 DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH ................................................................................. 62 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 62 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 63 TAG QUESTION ...................................................................................................... 66 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 66 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 66 ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................. 68 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 68 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 69 GERUND .................................................................................................................... 72 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 72 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 72 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 73 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 73 PREFERENCE ............................................................................................................ 75 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 75 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 76 PARTICIPLES ............................................................................................................ 78 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 78 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 78 3
MODALS ................................................................................................................... 79 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 79 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 79 EXPRESSION ............................................................................................................ 80 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 80 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 80 BRITISH VS AMERICAN ........................................................................................ 81 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 81 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 81 OTHER COOL STUFF ............................................................................................. 82 SOAL ...................................................................................................................... 82 JAWABAN ............................................................................................................. 85
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SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES SOAL 1.
Buatlah complex/compound sentence menggunakan kalimatkalimat berikut. Beri keterangan apakah itu kalimat complex/ compound. a. Brain cells die at the rate of 100,000 per day by age 6. Brain cells are not replaced like other body cells. b. All I did as a student was studying. I don’t know how to cook now. c. I hate chocolate. I hate chocolate milk d. Jessy studied for her chemistry test. Linda went shopping with her friends. e. Thick haze is caused by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and Kalimantan. Tens of thousands people are suffered from acute respiratory infections. f. Course textbooks cost a great deal of money. They are necessary to pass a class with good grade.
2.
Tentukan kalimat di bawah ini termasuk kalimat simple, compound atau complex, kemudian carilah nouns/pronouns dan verbs yang terdapat pada kalimat tersebut. a.
Kara and Liza walked hand in hand and told their stories all the way to school.
b. I went to the library with Tiara and Diana but John decided to stay at home doing nothing. c.
We must go now, or we will miss our plane.
5
d. My professor studied the problem and solved it in a few minutes. e.
When your brother wakes up, tell him to shower, eat his breakfast and wait for me to get him.
3. Write complex sentences using these words: Hint: You might need some additional words of your own. And that’s okay. a.
Thirsty, really, water, glass.
b. Broken, heart, go, beach, relax, mind. c.
Spend, a lot, money, still, rich.
d. Girl, Still, 23, a lot, achievements. 4. Write complex sentences using these words: Hint: You might need some additional words of your own. And that’s okay. a.
You, come, want (to), leave, now
b. Mum, cook, dad, policeman c.
Rain, cats and dogs, late
d. Study, hard, she, keep, fail. 5. Buatlah complex/compound sentence menggunakan kalimatkalimat berikut. Beri keterangan apakah yang kalian tulis adalah kalimat complex/ compound. a.
Human beings are the most intelligent creatures. Most human beings don’t know how to behave themselves.
b. I was an autodidact in learning English. Now I know how to teach English professionally. c.
I admire him. I read every news about him.
d. Bees are not normally dangerous insects, but some caused considerable damage in South Africa. e.
Maria felt really proud and happy when she heard her daughter called her ‘mom’ for the first time.
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JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a. Brain cells die at the rate of 100,000 per day by age 60 and they are not replaced like other body cells. (Compound) b. Because all I did as a student was studying, I don’t know how to cook now. (Complex) All I did as a student was studying; I don’t know how to cook now. (Compound) c. I hate chocolate milk because I hate chocolate. (Complex) Because I hate chocolate, I hate chocolate milk. d. Jessy studied for her chemistry test and/but Linda went shopping with her friends. (Compound) Possible conjunction: while. e. Possible sentences:
Thick haze is caused by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and Kalimantan; tens of thousands people are suffered from acute respiratory infections. (Compound) Tens of thousands people are suffered from acute respiratory infections because thick haze that is caused by forest fires engulfes Sumatra and Kalimantan. (Complex) f. Possible sentences: Although course textbooks cost a great deal of money, they are necessary to pass a class with good grade. (Complex) Course textbooks cost a great deal of money but they are necessary to pass a class with good grade. (Compound)
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2.
Tentukan kalimat di bawah ini termasuk kalimat simple, compound atau complex, kemudian carilah nouns/pronouns dan verbs yang terdapat pada kalimat tersebut. a.
Kara and Liza walked hand in hand and told their stories all the way to school. Simple Sentence Noun/pronoun
: Kara, Liza, hand, stories, way, school
Verb
: walked, told
b. I went to the library with Tiara and Diana but John decided to stay at home doing nothing. Compound sentence
c.
Noun/pronoun
: I, library, Tiara, Diana, John, home
Verb
: went, decided, stay, doing
We must go now, or we will miss our plane. Compound sentence
d. Noun/pronoun Verb e.
: we, plane : go, miss
My professor studied the problem and solved it in a few minutes. Simple sentence Noun/pronoun Verb
f.
: professor, problem, minutes
: studied, solved
When your brother wakes up, tell him to shower, eat his breakfast and wait for me to get him. Complex sentence Noun/pronoun Verb
3.
: brother, breakfast
: wakes up, shower, eat, wait, get
Complex sentences containing these words: a.
Thirsty, really, water, glass. 8
Because I was really thirsty, I drank a glass of water. b. Broken, heart, go, beach, relax, mind. If my heart is broken, I go to the beach to relax my mind. c.
Spend, a lot, money, still, rich. Although she spends a lot of money, she’s still so rich.
d. Girl, Still, 23, a lot, achievements. That girl is still 23, but she’s made a lot of achievements. 4.
Compound sentences containing these words: a.
You, come, want (to), leave, now You have just come, and you want to leave now?
b. Mum, cook, dad, policeman My mum is a cook, and my dad is a policeman c.
Rain, cats and dogs, late It was raining cats and dogs, so we’re late.
d. Study, hard, she, keep, fail. She studied very hard, but she kept failing. 5. a.
Human beings are the most intelligent creatures, but most of them don’t know how to behave themselves. (Compound Sentence)
b. Because I was an autodidact in learning English, now I know how to teach English professionally. (Complex) c.
I was an autodidact in learning English; now I know how to teach English professionally. (Compound)
d. I admire him, and I read every news about him. (Compound) e.
Because I admire him, I read every news about him. (Complex)
f.
Compound sentence. Bees are not normally dangerous insects. 9
Some caused considerable damage in South Africa. g. Complex sentence. Maria felt really proud and happy When she heard her daughter called her ‘mom’ for the first time.
PARTS OF SPEECH SOAL 1.
Perbaiki kalimat berikut jika ditemukan kesalahan, dan jelaskan: a.
Either Jake or Jack are pronounced jāk
b. I love every book but this one c.
Before get up, your brain tells you to do so
d. She’s just so good in English e.
For it rained, I couldn’t make it in time
f.
Neither my mum or dad will come here to see me
g. They should be here by half an hour h. She felt asleep i.
I hate my self
j.
I have many foods
k.
This is trully amazing
l.
A giraffe can run very fastly
m. I had no choice but to flee n. After go up, you will always go down o. I’m good at English p. The bell will ring by five minutes q. You need to be able to love your self r.
I am very powerfull
s.
I have studied very hardly to be better at Math 10
t.
Mathematic and Physic were my favourite subjects at high school.
u. Tell your friends that they really need to take care of theirself.. v. 2.
I was born on November the eightieth.
Susun kalimat dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut: a.
I, saw, thief, steal, your box
b. I, interest, your book, because, seem, bore c. 3.
Did, you, listen, her, speak, English, ?
Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut: a.
A pocket computer is generally enough small to fit into a pocket or small case.
b. When lighting strikes an unprotected building, the electric charge can cause considering damage. c.
In 1780, Italian scientis Luigi Galvani mistaken concluded that frog’s legs contain electricity.
d. The temperature must be reduced of 4000 Fahrenheit. 4.
My big brother can run _____. a.
Really quickly
b. Really fast c.
Really fastly
d. Really quick 5.
Either rabbits or deer always ______. a.
Shows up in every fairy tales
b. Shows up in every fairy tale c.
Show up in every fairy tale
d. Show up in every fairy tales 6.
Tulislah ‘part of speech’ dari kata-kata pada kalimat berikut.
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a.
The pretty lady took a cup of tea and slowly sipped it while sitting lazily in front of the TV.
b. My brother and I go to the town library every Sunday to read our favourite fictions. 7.
Tentukan perbedaan dari ungkapan di bawah ini. a.
You have to pay attention to the contents of the book. You have to pay attention to the content of the book.
b. He’s worked hard all of his life. He’s hardly worked all of his life. c.
I’m not going to Europe, because of you. I’m not going to Europe because of you.
d. You’ve done all of this for me. You’ve done all of this to me. e.
I submit my weekly assignment in time for the revision. I submit my weekly assignment on time.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban: a. Either Jake or Jack is pronounced jā k Either-or artinya hanya salah satunya benar (tidak duaduanya), sehingga digunakan to-be tunggal. (Jika bukan jake yang diucapkan jā k, jack yang diucapkan jā k. Tapi tidak duaduanya) b. Sudah benar But juga bisa menyatakan except. c. Before getting up …
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Jika before atau after langsung diikuti kata kerja, kata kerjanya harus berbentuk v-ing. Tapi jika diikuti subjek+kata kerja, kata kerjanya tidak perlu berbentuk v-ing. Contohnya: Before you get up, your brain tells you to do so d. She’s just so good at English Jika menggambarkan kapasitas skill, kita gunakan at. Gunakan in jika menyatakan lokasi. Contohnya: She is very good at golf. She is always the best in the field. e. Sudah benar For juga berarti karena (because) f. Neither my mum nor dad … Dalam
fungsinya
sebagai
conjunction,
either
harus
dipasangkan dengan nor, sedangkan either dengan or. g. They should be here in half an hour Jika menyatakan rentang waktu, gunakan in. Jika menyatakan batas waktu, gunakan by. Contoh: I must submit my assignments by Monday h. Sudah benar She fell asleep Felt adalah kata kerja kedua dari feel. i.
I hate myself Penulisan reflexive pronoun harus selalu disambung.
j.
Sudah benar I have much food: Saya punya banyak makanan I have many foods: Saya punya berbagai macam makanan (misalnya ada ayam goreng, nasi uduk, dll).
k. This is truly amazing Penulisan truly harus dengan satu huruf –l. l.
A giraffe can run very fast 13
Fast adalah penggunaan adverb yang tidak menambahkan – ly pada adjective-nya (fast). Hal ini adalah pengecualian dalam Bahasa Inggris. m. Sudah benar But juga bisa menyatakan except. Kalimat pada soal sama dengan I had no choice except to flee (aku tidak punya pilihan selain melarikan diri). n. After going up,, you will always go down Jika before atau after langsung diikuti kata kerja, kata kerjanya harus berbentuk v-ing. Tapi jika diikuti subjek+kata kerja, kata kerjanya tidak perlu berbentuk v-ing. Contohnya: After you go up, you will always go down o. Sudah benar Jika menggambarkan kapasitas skill, kita gunakan at. Gunakan in jika menyatakan lokasi. Contohnya: She is very good at golf. She is always the best in the field.
Catatan:
I’m
good
with
English
artinya
“Hubunganku dengan Mr. English baik-baik saja.” p. The bell will ring in five minutes Jika menyatakan rentang waktu, gunakan in. Jika menyatakan batas waktu, gunakan by. Contoh: I must submit my assignments by Monday q. You need to be able to love yourself Penulisan reflexive pronoun harus selalu disambung, seperti yourself dan myself. r. I am very powerful Powerful adalah penulisan yang benar. s. I have studied very hard to better at Math
14
Khusus untuk hard, jika ditambahkan –ly, artinya bukan “dengan keras”, melainkan “jarang.” t. Mathematics and Physics were my favourite subjects at high school. Nama-nama mata pelajaran seperti Mathematics, Physics, Statistics memang harus diberi ‘s’ di belakangnya, namun tetap dianggap singular. u. Sudah benar Tell your friends that they really need to take care of themselves. Reflexive pronoun dari they adalah themselves, bukan theirself. v. I was born on November the eighth atau eighteenth. [Tidak ada tanggal 80 November, hehe] 2.
Susunan Kata a.
I saw a thief stealing from your box
b. I am not interested in your book, because it seems boring c. 3.
Did you listen to her speaking English?
Perbaiki Kata b. … is generally small enough … Susunan kata yang benar adalah adjective + enough c.
… considerable damage. Adjective considerable digunakan sebagai pengganti gerund considering.
d. … mistakenly… Adverb digunakan untuk menambah keterangan kata sifat. Penulisan adverb yang benar adalah dengan penambahan – ly. e.
The temperature must be reduced by 4000 Fahrenheit. 15
4.
C. Show up in every fairy tale Penambahan s/es pada bentuk either ___ or ___ bergantung pada kata kerja setelah or. Pada soal ini adalah deer. Deer bisa berupa jamak, bisa juga tunggal (tidak mengalami penambahan s/es). Every selalu diikuti bentuk tunggal (tale).
5.
B. Really fast Fastly tidak digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Quickly digunakan untuk menyatakan kecepatan kejadian dapat terjadi, fast digunakan untuk menyatakan kecepatan kejadian yang terjadi. Contohnya:
6. a.
Part of Speech The
: article
Pretty
: adjective
Lady
: noun
Took
: verb
A cup of
: adjective
Tea
: noun
And
: connector
Slowly
: adverb
Sipped
: verb
It
: pronoun
While
: connector
Sitting
: verb
Lazily
: adverb
In front of
: preposition
The
: article 16
TV.
: noun
b. My
: pronoun
Brother
: noun
And
: connector
I
: pronoun
Go
: verb
To
: preposition
The
: article
Town
: adjective
Library
: noun
Every Sunday : adverb
7.
To
: preposition
Read
: verb
Our
: pronoun
Favourite
: adjective
Fictions.
: noun
Tentukan perbedaan dari ungkapan di bawah ini a. You have to pay attention to the contents of the book. Contents adalah daftar isi, jadi yang harus diperhatikan adalah daftar isi bukunya. You have to pay attention to the content of the book. Content adalah muatan/isi, jadi yang harus diperhatikan adalah muatan/isi buku secara keseluruhan. b. He’s worked hard all of his life. Dia telah bekerja dengan keras sepanjang hidupnya. (alias pekerja keras) He’s hardly worked all of his life. 17
Dia jarang-jarang bekerja sepanjang hidupnya. (alias pemalas) c. I’m not going to Europe, because of you. Aku tidak akan pergi ke Eropa, aku masih di Indonesia, dan aku lakukan itu karena kamu. I’m not going to Europe because of you. Aku akan pergi ke Eropa bukan karena kamu. Aku pergi kesana karena alasan lain. d. You’ve done all of this for me. Kamu melakukan semua ini untukku. (Nadanya positif: senang, bangga, takjub) You’ve done all of this to me. Kamu melakukan semua ini padaku. (Nadanya negatif: marah, menyalahkan) e. I submit my weekly assignment in time for the revision. In time: just at or before the deadline. Aku menyerahkan tugas tepat waktu untuk revisi (sebelum waktu revisi habis).
I submit my weekly assignment on time. On time: right at the schedule. Aku menyerahkan tugas tepat waktu, sebelum deadline yang ditentukan. Walaupun, generally, in time and on time are generally interchangeable.
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WORD ORDER SOAL 1.
Susun kalimat berikut dengan baik: a.
Do – a – you – dog – have
b. Not – play – at – they – the – do – weekends – tennis c.
I – boat – sailing – blue – a – beautiful – own
d. She – only – exciting – Japanese – brands – sells - new e.
Restaurant – sells – also – the – small – serving – bowls – Japanese
f.
Do – me – know – you
g. To – guy – is – me – handsome – the – dad – my - most h. Will – new – a – I – black – bag – sleeping – get i.
Bought – a – antique – watch – my – glowing – mother – Italian
j.
has - My - cute - and - white - family - three - rabbits - black
k.
box - put - velvet - I - in - ring - a - square - red - the - small
l.
seven - Sogo - having - tomorrow - dinner - We - at Restaurant - are – at
2.
Susunlah kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik. a. reckless - charged - He - with - was - endangerment, - and signal - police - disregarding - driving - from - a - careless – officer. - a b. beautiful - a - on - Mother – store. - shiny - table - small second - Indonesian - bought - hand - wooden - a - online
3.
Choose the correct use of word order: a.
A lovely tiny green round locket really caught my eye
b. A lovely round tiny green locket really caught my eye 19
c.
A lovely green round tiny locket really caught my eye
d. A lovely tiny round green locket really caught my eye
JAWABAN 1.
Urutan yang benar a.
Do you have a dog
b. They do not play tennis at the weekends c.
I own a beautiful blue sailing boat i.
Observations, Color, Qualifier
d. She sells only exciting new Japanese brands ii.
Observations, Age, Origin
e. The restaurant also sells small Japanese serving bowls iii. Size, Origin, Qualifier f. Do you know me g. My dad is the most handsome guy to me h. I will get a new black sleeping bag iv. Age, Color, Qualifier i.
My mother bought a glowing antique Italian watch v.
j.
Observations, Age, Origin
My family has three cute black and white rabbits. Atau: vi. My family has three cute white and black rabbits.
2.
Susunlah kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik. a.
He was charged with reckless endangerment, careless driving and disregarding a signal from a police officer.
b. Mother bought a beautiful small shiny Indonesian wooden table on a second-hand online store. 20
3.
Susunan white and black atau black and white tidak menjadi masalah. a.
I put the ring in a small square red velvet box.
b. We are having dinner at Sogo Restaurant tomorrow at seven. 4.
D. A lovely tiny round green locket really caught my eye Urutan word order yang benar: Determiner a Observations lovely Size tiny Shape round Age Colour green Origin Material Qualifier The noun locket
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DERIVATIVES SOAL 1.
Perbaikilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini. a.
You should courage Gina to go back to college and finish her degree.
b. It’s really a honor to meet you in person, Sir.
JAWABAN 1.
Perbaikan kalimat a.
You should encourage Gina to go back to college and finish her degree. Courage:
kata
benda,
artinya
keberanian/dorongan/keteguhan. Encourage: kata kerja, artinya menganjurkan, mendorong, memotivasi. b. It’s really an honor to meet you in person, Sir. Honour/honor dibaca ˈ änər/ (diawali bunyi vokal), jadi article yang digunakan adalah an, bukan a.
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ARTICLE SOAL 1.
Perbaiki kalimat berikut: a.
I want to buy new laptop
b. I saw a White House c.
An university is only common in Britain
d. I’ve met the friends and the enemies of Hagrid’s e.
I drank a water an hour ago
f.
Sun is really hot and big
g. I’ve fought the friends and the enemies of Dumbledore’s h. It’s really a honor to meet you in person, Sir. 2.
Isikan dengan “a/an, the, atau tanpa article” pada paragraph di bawah ini
3.
Washington, _____ capital of _____ United States, is in _____ District of Columbia. It had _____ estimated population of 658,893 in 2014, which consists mostly of African American and White people. _____ National Mall, one of historic sites in Washington, is _____ large, open park in downtown between _____ Lincoln Memorial and _____ United States Capitol. museums,
galleries
and
memorials
On this park are
maintained
by
_____
Smithsonian Institution, _____ educational foundation chartered by Congress in 1846. 4.
Isikan dengan (the) other, another atau (the) others a.
I have three best friends. One of them is Laila, _____ are Dina and Tina.
b. My brother still has _____ three years before he graduated from college. 23
JAWABAN 1.
Perbaikan: a.
I want to buy a new laptop Gunakan artikel a untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang belum jelas maksudnya
b. I saw a White House Gunakan The untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang hanya ada satu (hanya ada satu the White House: di USA) c. An university is only common in Britain Dasar penggunaan artikel an adalah jika kata tertentu diawali dengan bunyi vokal, bukan huruf vokal. Jadi, karena university dibaca yo͞o′nə-vûr′sĭ-tē (tidak diawali bunyi vokal) gunakan artikel a, bukan an. d. I’ve met the friends and the enemies of Hagrid’s Untuk menghemat kata, jika dua buah kata (friends dan enemies) merujuk pada kata yang sama (Hagrid’s), gunakan satu the saja. Contoh penggunaan double the yang benar: The job of mine and the love of yours are two very different things (the job dan the love merujuk pada hal yang sama). e. I drank a glass of water an hour ago. Atau I drank water an hour ago. Gunakan artikel a untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang belum jelas maksudnya, tapi untuk sesuatu yang BISA dihitung (countable noun). Uncountable noun tidak memerlukan article. Namun, penggunaan article dapat disiasati dengan menambahkan ukuran berupa countable noun, yaitu glass. Contoh lainnya: vii. I need sugar in my tea 24
viii. I need a spoonful of sugar in my tea f. The Sun is really big and hot Gunakan The untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang hanya ada satu (hanya ada satu the Sun: di tengah Galaksi Bimasakti), dan dahulukan observation (big) daripada condition (hot). g. I’ve fought the friends and enemies of Dumbledore’s Untuk menghemat kata, jika dua buah kata (friends dan enemies) merujuk pada kata yang sama (Hagrid’s), gunakan satu the saja. Contoh penggunaan double the yang benar: h. The job of mine and the love of yours are two very different things (the job dan the love merujuk pada hal yang berbeda). i. 2.
We are having dinner at Sogo Restaurant tomorrow at seven.
Isikan dengan “a/an, the, atau tanpa article” pada paragraph di bawah ini Washington, THE capital of THE United States, is in THE District of Columbia. It had AN estimated population of 658,893 in 2014, which consists mostly of African American and White people. THE National Mall, one of historic sites in Washington, is A large, open park in downtown between THE Lincoln Memorial and THE United States Capitol. On this park are museums, galleries and memorials maintained by THE Smithsonian Institution, AN educational foundation chartered by Congress in 1846.
3.
Isikan dengan (the) other, another atau (the) others a.
I have three best friends. One of them is Laila, THE OTHERS are Dina and Tina.
b. My brother still has ANOTHER three years before he graduated from college.
25
Gunakan another karena three years adalah jumlah, (another menjelaskan
three
years
secara
bersamaan,
three
menjelaskan years (sehingga jamak)).
26
TENSES SOAL 1.
There’s no point in calling her. She _____ home yet. f.
Has be arriving
g. Hasn’t arrived h. Has not arrive i. 2.
Has not been arriving
Go to bed early. The plane _____ at 7 am tomorrow, so we’ll have to be up by 5! a.
Leave
b. Will leave c.
Is leaving
d. Leaves 3.
I ______ for a few minutes when a noise outside woke me up. a.
Only slept
b. Had only slept c.
Had only been sleeping
d. Was only sleeping 4.
Why ______? You should be listening to me! a.
Do you talk
b. You talk c.
Are you talking
d. You are talking 5.
I _____ you if you help me a.
Will help
b. Help c.
Am helping 27
d. Am going to help 6.
Why is the Simple Present Tense used in the sentence below? Diana says, “Mmmmh! This ice cream tastes really good!” a.
Diana is telling a joke
b. Diana is tasting ice cream now c.
Diana is using a verb of senses
d. Diana is talking about a future scheduled event 7.
The train _____ exactly at 11 o’clock! We’ve missed it! [Harry Potter 2; The Chamber of Secrets] a.
Leave
b. Will leave c.
Is leaving
d. Leaves 8.
I like your watch. How long _____ it? a.
You have
b. Have you had c.
Are you having
d. Did you have 9.
John: What ______? Mary: I’m trying to fix my glasses a.
You doing
b. Are you doing c.
Do you do
d. Did you do 10. My granddad died 1 year before I was born, so I _____ him. a.
Meet not
b. Did not meet c.
Have not met
d. Was not meeting 28
11. Who _____ you to school when your Mom is away? a.
is taking
b. takes c. does take d. will take 12. Where is Maya? ~ She ______ in her room a. sleep b. sleeps c. is sleeping d. slept 13. Have you ever visited
Australia? ~ Yes. I ______ Sydney and
Melbourne three years ago. a. have visited b. visited c. had visited d. visit 14. What
________ when you heard the loud bang outside your
house? a. have you done b. did you do c. are you doing d. were you doing 15. I really envy you. At ten tomorrow you ______ stars with a camp fire blazing next to you. a.
will watch
b. will be watching c.
watch
d. has watched
29
16. 6. You came to Germany nine months ago. When you return to Indonesia, you _______ in Germany for exactly one year. a.
will stay
b. will be staying c.
will have stayed
d. have stayed 17. Where is Daniel? ~ I ________ for him since three o'clock! a.
have waited
b. have been waiting c.
am waiting
d. waited 18. Dona visited Belgium last week. She __________ there before. It’s a beautiful country. a.
has never been
b. had never been c.
never been
d. never 19. Alice said that her mother would be very angry when she ________ that she had lost her necklace. a.
has found out
b. had found out c.
would find out
d. found out 20. When father arrived home last night, he discovered that Mom _________ a delicious dinner. a. has prepared b. had prepared c. prepared d. preparing 30
21. Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a.
Eight glasses of water _____ needed for you to recover quickly.
b. Pi and phi _____ two very different Greek symbols c.
Neither Conan Edogawa nor the members of the Black Organization _____ (exist/exists/existing) in real life.
22. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut: a.
I have visited Safira’s house last weekend.
b. She’s married to a very nice guy. c.
He choosed me
23. X: There is something different about Tom today. Y: Sorry, what? X: He’s being so _____ today. The adjective that CANNOT be used to complete the sentence above is _____. a. Handsome b. Quiet c. Tall d. Polite 24. The government _____ planning many changes. a. Is b. Are c. Will d. Is going to 25. Write these sentences in (i) Simple Past Tense, (ii) Present Progressive Tense, (iii) Present Perfect Tense, (iv) Simple Future Tense, and (v) Past Perfect Tense: a. She comes to see you b. Safira doesn’t care about me [keep it in a negative form] 31
c. Why do you study English? [keep it in an interrogative form] 26. Lengkapi kalimat berikut dengan tenses yang tepat. a. When Nadia (come) last night, I (do) my English Literature homework. b. Right now Jane (talk) to Tom again. It (be) the fourth time she (talk) to him this month. c. Roni (be) a great author. She (write) romance and mystery novels. She (write) since she (be) twelve. She (publish) five novels by the time she was thirty. Altogether, she (write) seven novels, two collections of short stories and a book of poetry. d. By this time next semester, you (complete) your studies and (find) a job. I, on the other hand, (accomplish, not) anything. I (study, still) and you (work) in some new high paying job. e. Nick (love) to travel. He (go) abroad every year. Two years ago he (visit) Egypt. He actually (go) there twice before he (stay) in Marocco for a month five years ago. Next year he (go) to Bali.
JAWABAN 1.
B. Hasn’t arrived Bentuk yang sesuai dengan Present Perfect dan dicirikan dengan keterangan yet.
2.
D. Leaves Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian terjadwal (walaupun itu di masa depan).
3.
C. Had only been sleeping
32
Saat terdapat kejadian yang berlangsung sampai waktu tertentu dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu, gunakan Present Perfect Progressive. Jika itu berlangsung pada masa lampau, gunakan Past Perfect Progressive. 4.
C. Are you talking Kalimat you should be listening (progressive) menunjukkan bahwa kalimat sebelumnya haruslah Why are you talking (samasama sedang berlangsung pada
5.
A. Will help Kalimat pada soal menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi jika kejadian lain terjadi (fungsi Simple Future Tense)
6.
C. Diana is using a verb of senses Verb of senses dan stative verbs lainnya adalah non-continuous verbs. Sebab stative verbs membicarakan state (keadaan), bukan action sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam Progressive Tenses. Jadi, walaupun sesuatu itu terjadi sekarang, tetap tidak boleh gunakan Progressive Tense.
7.
D. Leaves Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian terjadwal (walaupun itu di masa depan). Misalnya: The train leaves at 8 tomorrow morning.
8.
B. Have you had Ketika berbicara sesuatu yang masih bernilai benar (general truth) hingga saat ini (ada hubungan dengan masa sekarang), dan telah berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu (how long), gunakan Present Perfect Tense. CATATAN: Have yang pertama adalah to-be III, have yang kedua (had) adalah kata kerja ketiga dari have.
9.
B. Are you doing 33
Jawaban I’m trying (progressive) menunjukkan bahwa pertanyaan sebelumnya haruslah What are you doingg (sama-sama sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang). 10. B. Did not meet Kejadian wafatnya berlangsung pada masa lampau. Jadi baik di masa lampau maupun masa sekarang, pembicara tidak bisa bertemu kakeknya (did not meet). Jawaban C (have not met) salah karena menunjukkan masih ada peluang bertemu kakeknya. 11. Who _____ you to school when your Mom is away? b. takes
Kalimat positifnya adalah: “Someone takes me to school when Mom is away.” Ini adalah kalimat simple present, jadi cukup gunakan Verb1. Kalimat Tanya dengan who saat menanyakan subjek, setelah who langsung ditulis verbnya. Pilihan does take juga bisa digunakan, namun tidak umum digunakan. 12. Where is Maya? ~ She ______ in her room. c. is sleeping
Ini adalah kalimat present progressive, karena menyatakan apa yang sedang dilakukan Maya sekarang. 13. Have you ever visited Australia? ~ Yes. I ______ Sydney and Melbourne three years ago. b. visited Meskipun
pertanyaannya
mengandung
‘have’,
namun
jawabannya mencantumkan waktu yang spesifik (three years ago), karena itu kita gunakan simple past, bukan present perfect. Ingat bahwa kata “ago” hanya digunakan untuk Simple Past Tense. 34
14. What
________ when you heard the loud bang outside your
house? d. were you doing Ini adalah bentuk yang sangat umum digunakan (kejadian terjadi saat kejadian lain sedang berlangsung (lampau)), yaitu: Past progressive + when + simple past. … were you doing + when + you heard …. 15. I really envy you. At ten tomorrow you ______ stars with a camp fire blazing next to you. b. will be watching Kalimat ini menggambarkan apa yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Tidak digunakan watch karena walaupun terjadwal, kejadian tersebut akan berlangsung (which is progressive). 16. You came to Germany nine months ago. When you return to Indonesia, you _______ in Germany for exactly one year. c. will have stayed Menggambarkan apa yang (akan) telah dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang. Kenapa bukan will be staying? Karena ada kata kunci “for” (selama) yang menjadi ciri khas perfect tense (future). 17. Where is Daniel? ~ I ________ for him since three o'clock! b. have been waiting Aku telah menunggu, dan saat bicara juga masih/sedang menunggu Daniel. Jadi kita gunakan present progressive. 18. Dona visited Belgium last week. She __________ there before. It’s a beautiful country. b. had never been Menggambarakan bahwa Dona, sebelum minggu lalu (saat dia berkunjung ke Belgia), belum pernah ke Belgia. Jadi kejadian 35
yang selesai sebelum sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Itulah kegunaan past perfect. Jika kalian pilih present perfect (has never been), berarti She belum pernah mengunjungi Belgium (padahal sudah pernah). 19. Alice said that her mother would be very angry when she ________ that she had lost her necklace. d. found out Ini adalah indirect speech dari: Alice said: “My mother will be very angry when she finds out that I have lost my necklace.” Jika reporting speech (said) adalah lampau, kalimat tidak langsungnya harus berbentuk lampau. So, it should be ‘found out’, right? 20. When father arrived home last night, he discovered that Mom _________ a delicious dinner. b. had prepared Saat ayah pulang, dia mendapati bahwa ibu sudah menyiapkan makan malam yang lezat. Kejadian yang sudah se 21. Jawaban a. Is Pada uncountable noun, gunakan bentuk to-be tunggal. b. Are Bentuk jamak (dua benda tunggal dihubungkan dengan kata hubung and) selalu mengenakan bentuk to-be jamak. c. Exist Karena kata setelah nor adalah bentuk jamak, gunakan to-be dalam bentuk jamak. 22. a.
I visited
36
Jika berbicara pada waktu tertentu dalam masa lampau, gunakan Simple Past Tense. a.
Sudah benar. Yang keliru: She’s married with a very nice guy.
b. He chose me Kata kerja kedua dan ketiga dari choose adalah chose dan chosen, bukan choosed. 23. C.Tall Sudah pernah saya ajarkan bahwa Present Progressive Tense adalah sesuatu yang sedang terjadi, dan tidak mesti merupakan general truth sebagaimana Simple Present Tense. Kuncinya, kita pilih kata yang merupakan general truth (sehingga terdengar tidak masuk akal jika digunakan dalam Present Progressive). Lebih jelasnya begini: She’s being quiet (dia tidak biasanya diam, tapi sekarang lagi bisa diam) He’s being handsome (dia tidak biasanya tampan, tapi sekarang lagi tampan-tampannya) She’s being polite (dia tidak biasanya sopan, tapi sekarang lagi sopan) She’s being tall (tidak masuk akal kalau kita bilang “dia tidak biasanya tinggi”. Sebab “tall” adalah sifat yang melekat, general truth. Tidak ada orang yang biasanya pendek terus tinggi atau sebaliknya). 24. A dan B Is dan Are To be is (government dianggap tunggal, satu kesatuan) digunakan di American English. Sedangkan, are (government dianggap jamak, banyak orang di dalamnya) digunakan di British English. 37
25. Sentences in (i) Simple Past Tense, (ii) Present Progressive Tense, (iii) Present Perfect Tense, (iv) Simple Future Tense, and (v) Past Perfect Tense: a. She comes to see you She came to see you She is coming to see you She has come to see you She will come to see you She had come to see you b. Safira doesn’t care about me Safira didn’t care about me Safira isn’t caring about me Safira hasn’t cared about me Safira won’t care about me Safira hadn’t cared about me c.
Why do you study English?
Why did you study English? Why are you studying English? Why have you studied English? Why will you study English? Why had you studied English? 26. a.
When Nadia came last night, I was doing my English Literature homework. Simple Past digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lampau
ketika
kejadian
lain
tengah
berlangsung (Past Progressive). b. Right now Jane is talking to Tom again. It is the fourth time she has talked to him this month. 38
Gunakan Present Progressive untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi saat ini (right now). Dan gunakan Present Perfect untuk kejadian berulang yang dimulai dari masa lampau hingga saat ini. c.
Roni is a great author. She writes romance and mystery novels (general truth, gunakan Simple Present). She has written since she was twelve. She had published five novels by the time she was thirty (kejadian yang telah selesai di masa lampau; Present Perfect). Altogether, she has written seven novels, two collections of short stories and a book of poetry.
d. By this time next summer, you will have completed your studies and found a job. I, on the other hand, will not have accomplished anything (akan selesai di masa depan). I will still be studying and you will be working in some new high paying job (akan berlangsung). e.
Nick loves to travel. He goes abroad every year (scheduled event). Two years ago he visited Egypt (ago hanya digunakan untuk Simple Past). He actually had gone there twice before he stayed in Marocco for a month five years ago. Next year he goes to Bali. (Bukan he will go to Bali karena dia pergi EVERY year (walaupun pada kalimat ini ada kata next year). Peristiwa terjadwal harus ditulis dalam Simple Present Tense)
39
CONCORD SOAL 1.
Perbaiki kalimat berikut jika ditemukan kesalahan, dan jelaskan (bisa jadi tidak ada kesalahan pada kalimat): a.
Either Safira or her parents is happy to see him
b. Neither you nor Chloe knows me well 2.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a.
Five dollars _____(is, are) all I need to travel around Jakarta.
b. Either pi or phi _____ (is, are) 3.14 c.
Either Suki or her parents _____ (know/knows) my real name.
d. Is your wife _____ (okay/better) now? She looked so pale yesterday. e.
Making new friends ….. (is/are) not always easy.
f.
Neither her best friends nor sister …. (is/are) willing to help her.
g. The teacher, as well as the students _____ (work/works) hard for the competition. h. Measles _____ (is a/are) highly contagious disease caused by a virus. i.
Found among the flowers _____ (is/are) a card with a beautiful handwriting in it.
j. 3.
(Was/were) I you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow.
_____ student _____ a learner. a.
Each, is
b. Every, are c.
Each, are,
d. Every, is 40
4.
Deer _____ smaller than giraffes. a.
Are
b. Are not c.
Is
d. Is not 5.
Which of these sentences is/are not grammatically correct?: a.
The book which was stolen from me was really dirty.
b. The book that was stolen from me was really dirty. c. 6.
The book, which was dirty, was stolen from me.
What do these sentences possibly mean? a.
She loves you more than me.
b. I did it better than you.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
Either Safira or her parents are happy to see him Konjungsi either-or artinya hanya salah satunya benar (tidak dua-duanya), sehingga penggunaan to-be tergantung pada bagian subjek terakhir (yang ditempatkan setelah or). Jika bagian subjek terakhir berbentuk jamak (misalnya her parents, gunakan to-be jamak. Jika bagian subjek terakhir berbentuk tunggal (misalnya her dad atau her mum, gunakan to-be tunggal.
b. Sudah benar Dalam
fungsinya
sebagai
conjunction,
either
harus
dipasangkan dengan nor. Sedangkan either dengan or. Walaupun dalam kasus informal English, neither juga dipasangkan dengan or. 2. 41
a.
Is Pada uncountable noun, gunakan bentuk to-be tunggal. Walaupun di sana ada dollars sebagai satuan mata uangnya. (Yang uncountable adalah money-nya, yaitu five dollars).
b. Is Dua
benda
tunggal
yang
dihubungkan
dengan
or
diperlakukan sebagai bentuk tunggal.. c.
Know Karena kata setelah or adalah bentuk jamak, gunakan to-be dalam bentuk jamak.
d. Dua-duanya benar. :D Okay menanyakan “Apakah dia baik-baik saja? Soalnya kemarin kelihatan pucat” Better
menanyakan
“Apakah
dia lebih
baik
daripada
kemarin?” e.
Making new friends is not always easy. Gerund yang dibendakan mengikuti aturan countable noun (singular).
f.
Neither her best friends nor sister is willing to help her. Jika subjek sebelum to be atau kata kerja adalah tunggal, kata kerja atau to be juga tunggal. Sebaliknya, jika subjek sebelum to be atau kata kerja adalah jamak, kata kerja atau to be juga jamak. Contoh: ix. Neither her sister nor best friends are willing to help her.
g. The teacher, as well as the students, WORKS hard for the competition. Subjek pada kalimat itu adalah the teacher, klausa “as well as the students” adalah keterangan dalam bentuk positive
42
degree of comparison (Gurunya bekerja keras untuk pertandingan, sebagaimana para siswa bekerja keras). h. Measles IS A highly contagious disease caused by a virus. Simple. It’s singular (disease). i.
Found among the flowers IS a card with a beautiful handwriting in it. Ini adalah kalimat INVERTED, subjectnya terletak setelah verb. Pada kalimat ini SUBJECT: A CARD (tunggal), karena itu verbnya juga tunggal (IS). Jenis kalimat ini digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat yang maknanya dalam atau puitis. Kalimat yang belum di-inverted adalah: A card is found among the flowers with a beautiful handwriting in it.
j.
WERE I you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow. Ini adalah kalimat conditional tipe 2, jadi kita pake “WERE”, bukan WAS meski subjectnya tunggal. Bentuk aslinya adalah: If I were you, I would study harder for the test tomorrow.
3.
D. Every, is Kata student (tunggal) menunjukkan bahwa to be yg digunakan hrus tunggal. Every digunakan utk "setiap" scara umum. Each digunakan utk "setiap" dlm lingkup khusus. Contoh: Each student IN MY CLASS has to wear hijab.
4.
A. Are To be yg digunakan adalah positif (tanpa not) krn menunjukkan bhw benar rusa lbh kecil dr jerapah. Digunakan to be jamak krn subjeknya jamak. Giraffes jamak, shg deer jg jamak. (Deer memiliki bentuk tunggal dan jamak yg sama, yaitu deer).
5. 43
a.
The book which was stolen from me was really dirty
Which dan that memang sm2 relative pronoun. Tp ada perbedaannya. b. That digunakan tnpa koma. Which pake koma. c.
That memberi batasan pd subjek sdgkan which memberi tambahan informasi.
Jd: The book that was stolen: membatasi bahwa buku yg dibicarakan adl yg dirty, bkn yg lain. The book, which was dirty: memberi informasi bhw buku yg dibicarakan itu kotor. 6.
Interpretasi: a.
She loves you more than me: Dia mencintaimu lbh dari dia mencintaiku. Dia mencintaimu lbh dari aku mencintaimu.
b. I did better than you. Aku
melakukannya
(tadi)
lbh
baik
drpd
td
kamu
melakukannya. ▶ better than you did. Aku melakukannya (tadi) lbh baik drpd biasanya kamu lakukan. ▶ better than you do.
44
DEGREE OF COMPARISON SOAL 1.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a.
The population of Singapore is ______ than of Indonesia.
b. This is the boy _____ got into an accident. c.
It’s getting ……. (harder and harder/more and more hard) to find good but cheap education nowadays.
d. We have ….. (lesser/far less) time to work on our project than we thought. 2.
Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut: a.
As more as the Earth is titled towards the Sun, the hotter it is.
b. She was better at it then him. c.
There are less students who got an A this semester.
d. The more you fight it, more painful it feels.
3.
e.
Your house is so nice than mine.
f.
He is the smarter students in class.
All these following sentences have a comparative degree meaning, except ______. a.
He is better than anyone I’ve ever met
b. He is better than he usually was c.
He is better at sport now
d. He is better if he’s with me
JAWABAN 1. Jawaban: a.
Better 45
Menunjukkan
keadaan
si
ayah
lebih
baik
daripada
sebelumnya b. Less Menunjukkan “lebih” dalam artian “kurang dari” c.
It’s getting harder and harder to find good but cheap education nowadays. Jika kata sifat terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata, umumnya gunakan akhiran –er, bukan keterangan more. We have far less time to work on our project than we thought.
d. Less bicara tentang kuantitas (misal waktu, jumlah), lesser tentang kualitas (misal tingkat kesulitan). Contoh: Forty lashes is less punishment than 100 lashes. Pelted with rotten tomatoes is a lesser punishment than pelted with rocks. 2. a. The more the Earth is … Pola yang tepat adalah “the more … the more …” b. She was better at it than him. Mispronounced: than He is better than anyone I’ve ever met He is better than anyone (lebih baik dari siapa pun) adalah bentuk lain dari he is the best. c. There are less students who got an A this semester. LESS FEWER x.
Less digunakan untuk uncountable atau jumlah (angka), sedangkan fewer digunakan untuk countable (misalnya manusia atau benda).
d. The more you fight it, more painful it feels. 46
THE MORE PAINFUL … e. Your house is so nice than mine. YOUR HOUSE IS NICER THAN MINE (comparative degree) f. He is the smarter students in class. SMARTER SMARTEST (superlative degree)
47
RELATIVE PRONOUNS SOAL 1.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a.
This is the boy _____ got into an accident.
b. I haven’t seen Charlie, ______ brother is five, for quite a long time now. c.
The book _____ you gave me was unbelievably great.
d. Ria _____ hair is bright pink is reported missing after school. e.
The beautiful girl …… (whom/whose/who) you met yesterday is my best friend.
f.
There are several assignments I have to finish this week, many of ______ I have already submitted.
g. The necklace, ______ owner was my great grandmother, has gone missing for centuries.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban: a.
Who Digunakan untuk menggantikan posisi subjek
b. Whose Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kasus kepunyaan c.
Which/that Digunakan untuk menggantikan posisi benda mati sebagai subjek/objek.
d. Whose Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kasus kepunyaan.
48
Ria yang rambutnya merah muda terang itu dilaporkan hilang selepas pulang sekolah. e.
The beautiful girl whom you met yesterday is my best friend. Sebagai replacement untuk objek, gunakan whom. Boleh juga gunakan who, tapi tidak grammatical (walaupun sering digunakan oleh para natives).
f.
There are several assignments I have to finish this week, many of WHICH I have already submitted. Of which digunakan untuk menggantikan satu/beberapa di antara banyak. Contoh lain: I have two tips for you. One of which is: get a life!
g. The necklace, WHOSE owner was my great grandmother, has gone missing for centuries. sudah tahu kan? Kasus kepemilikan.
49
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES SOAL 1.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a.
It _____ be silly if we tried to walk in.
b. She’d have taken men to the station if her car _____ down. (have, break) c.
If you _____ (ask), he won’t help you
d. I ____ (go) if you go.
2.
e.
I’d have gone to London if my dad _____ me. (let)
f.
If you _____ my teacher, I would just leave school. (to-be)
Create conditional sentences (i) type 1, (ii) type 2, and (iii) type 3 by using these words: a.
Your wife, you, miss, me, every day
b. I, not, watch, movies, fail, exam c. 3.
Work out, I, healthy, fit
Buatlah conditional sentence dari kata-kata berikut dan tuliskan faktanya. a. get scholarship, study in UK (type 1) b. speak Korean fluently, live in Korea for five years (type 2) c. Weather nice, go for a picnic. (type 1) d. b. Watch the late movie on TV, late for the meeting. (type 2) e. c. Take Japanese in high school, get the job in Japan. (type 3)
4.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut a. If I had more money, …… (buy a new pair of shoes) b. If Syeila hadn’t gone to Tom’s party last night, …….. (finish her project).
5.
Buatlah inversion dari conditional sentence di bawah ini 50
a. If I were you, I wouldn't get involved in that case. b. If Tina had known, she would have said something to the principal. 6.
Tulislah fakta dari kalimat berikut a. If only my grandpa were still alive. b. I would rather you had gone to Germany.
7.
Buatlah bentuk passive dan past tense dari kalimat berikut a. Dad has me wash his car. b. Shayna let her sister do her make up.
8.
Combine these sentences into conditional sentence type I, II, and III, respectively. a. Main clause: I will eat a full spoon of cinnamon. If clause: You can fly. b. Main clause: Will you marry me? If clause: I come to your dad.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
Would be (Conditional Tipe II)
b. Hadn’t broken (Conditional Tipe III) c.
Don’t ask (Conditional Tipe I)
d. Will go (Conditional Tipe I)
2.
e.
Had let (Conditional Tipe III)
f.
Were (Conditional Tipe II)
Conditional sentences (i) type 1, (ii) type 2, and (iii) type 3, containing these words: a. Your wife, you, miss, me, every day If I am your wife, you will miss me every day If I were your wife, you would miss me every day 51
If I had been your wife, you would’ve missed me every day b. I, not, watch, movies, fail, exam If I do not watch so many movies, I will not fail the exam If I did not watch so many movies, I would not fail the exam If I had not watched so many movies, I would’ve not failed the exam c. Work out, I, healthy, fit If I work out, I will be healthy and fit If I worked out, I would be healthy and fit If I had worked out, I would’ve been healthy and fit 3.
Buatlah conditional sentence dari kata-kata berikut dan tuliskan faktanya. a. If I get Chavening Scholarship, I will study in UK to get my master degree. b. I would be able to speak Korean fluently if I live in Korea for five years. c. If the weather is nice, we will go for a picnic tomorrow. d. If you didn’t watch the late movie on TV, you wouldn’t be late for the meeting. e. If Lana had taken Japanese in high school, she would’ve gotten the job in Japan.
4.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut a. If I had more money, I would buy a new pair of shoes. b. If Syeila hadn’t gone to Tom’s party last night, she would have finished her project.
5.
Buatlah inversion dari conditional sentence di bawah ini a. Were I you, I wouldn't get involved in that case. b. Had Tina known, she would have said something to the principal.
6.
Tulislah fakta dari kalimat berikut
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a. If only my grandpa were still alive. (Fact: grandpa is no longer alive.) b. I would rather you had gone to Germany. (Fact: you are still here.) 7.
Buatlah bentuk passive dan past tense dari kalimat berikut a. Dad has me wash his car. Passive: Dad has his car washed. Past tense: Dad had me wash his car. a. Shayna let her sister do her make up. Passive: Shayna let her make up done Past tense: Shayna let her sister do her make up.
8.
Gabungan kedua kalimat menjadi kalimat-kalimat bersyarat tipe I, II, dan III: a. I will eat a full spoon (atau a spoonful juga bisa) of cinnamon if you can fly. I would eat a full spoon of cinnamon if you could fly. I would’ve eaten a full spoon of cinnamon if you could have flown. tidak ada konstruksi could had secara grammar. Kita gunakan could have sebagai gantinya (can, could, could have), yang mengimplikasikan if you had flown (pasangan bentuk would have dalam conditional sentence tipe III. b. Will you marry me if I come to your dad? Would you marry me if I came to your dad? Would you have married me if I had come to your dad?
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SUBJUNCTIVES SOAL 1.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a. If only you _____ here… But you are not. b. I wish you _____ (say) that harsh thing when I was madly in love with you. It still hurt a lot. c.
I wish I _____ (reject) your proposal last year.
d. Wish you _____ here, Hermione. Now more than ever. 2.
Buatlah subjunctive dari fakta berikut. a. I didn’t study hard enough in college. (If only) b. You don’t say anything about your pain. (would rather)
3.
What are the subjunctive forms of these FACTS: a. You didn’t love me (I wish) b. You are not here (If only) c.
You lied (If only)
d. You are my patience (I wish) e.
She acts as if she were the smartest girl at school.
f.
Nayla felt as though her heart had been stabbed over and over again.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
Were (Present Subjunctive)
b. Hadn’t said (Past Subjunctive) ditandai dengan bentuk past (was madly) c.
Hadn’t rejected (Past Subjunctive) ditandai dengan bentuk past (last year)
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d. Were (Present Subjunctive, ditandai dengan keterangan now) Dialog Harry Potter II: The Chamber of Secrets 2.
Buatlah subjunctive dari fakta berikut. a. If only I had studied hard enough in college. b. I would rather you said something about your pain. Subjunctives kuncinya yang positif dinegatifkan. Visa versa.
3.
Fact a.
I wish you had loved me
b. If only you were here c.
If only you hadn’t lied
d. I wish you weren’t my patience e.
. She is not the smartest girl at school.
f.
b. Her heart didn’t actually being stabbed over and over again.
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CAUSATIVE VERBS SOAL 1.
Lengkapi kalimat berikut ini dengan kata yang benar. Jelaskan! a. Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you have your old one _____? b. Can you _____ (have, someone, paint) my room tomorrow? c.
Mummy always makes me _____ my room on Mondays
d. He made me _____ (know) the meaning of marriage.
2.
e.
Where can I get my computer _____ .(sell)
f.
Mr. Smith always has me _____ (run) every day.
Buatlah kalimat dengan causative verb dari kata-kata berikut. a. Joe, her brother, mow the lawn. (make, active) b. My father, Kate, drive him to the hospital. (get, active) c. Brad, the house, clean. (have, passive) d. My aunt, her hair, color. (let, passive)
JAWABAN 1. Jawaban: a.
Fixed (bentuk pasif dari causative verb)
b. Have someone paint c.
Clean up
d. Know (Made adalah bentuk lampau dari make, dan causative make tidak memerlukan to) e.
Sold (bentuk passive dari causative verbs)
f.
Run (has adalah bentuk kata kerja have untuk orang ketiga tunggal)
2. Buatlah kalimat dengan causative verb dari kata-kata berikut. a.
Joe makes her brother mow the lawn.
b. My father gets Kate to drive him to the hospital. c.
Brad has the house cleaned.
d. My aunt lets her hair colored. 57
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PASSIVE VOICE SOAL 1.
Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat pasif: a.
Do scientists do experiments?
b. Have the asked the actress personal questions? c.
Why is Peter making dinner today?
d. Who taught you to speak in a British accent? e.
Has mum cooked the rice?
f.
Do all the students submit their assignments?
g. Have you invited Gina to your wedding ceremony? h. Why do you always get your mum do your laundry?
2.
i.
Why did you make her fix your laptop?
j.
Why is she cleaning the fan?
k.
When will you fix my car?
Create the passive forms of these sentences: a. Why are they staring at me? b. What does a cook need to steam a food? c. Mr. Sherlock has booked a seat next to mine. d. Why can’t she make dinner? e. The government will build a better drainage system before the rainy season comes f. The librarian gave three books to each one of us. g. Sandi had visited Bali ten times before he finally moved there. h. My parents thought I would finish my study at college this year.
3.
Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi active. a.
My homework will have been completed before midnight. 59
b. Dinner was being made by my sister when my uncle came to our house last night.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban: a.
Are experiments done by scientists?
b. Has the actress been asked personal questions? c.
Why is dinner being made by Peter today?
d. By whom were you taught to speak in a British accent? e.
Has the rice been cooked by mum?
f.
Why can’t dinner be made by her?
g. Are the assignments submitted by all the students? h. Has Gina been invited to your wedding ceremony?
2.
i.
Why do you always get your laundry done?
j.
Why did you make your laptop fixed?
k.
Why is the fan being cleaned by her?
l.
When will my car be fixed (by you)?
Create the passive forms of these sentences: a.
Why are they staring at me? Why am I being stared at by them?
b. What does a cook need to steam a food? What is needed by a cook to steam a food? c. Mr. Sherlock has booked a seat next to mine. A seat next to mine has been booked by Mr. Sherlock. d. A better drainage system will be built by the government before the rainy season comes e. Three books were given to each one of us by the librarian.
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f. Bali had been visited by Sandi ten times before he finally moved there. g. b. My parents thought my study at college would be finished this year. 3.
Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi active. a.
I will have completed my homework before midnight.
b. My sister was making dinner when my uncle came to our house last night.
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DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH SOAL 1.
Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat tidak langsung: a.
Maya: “Where does Peter live?”
b. Johnny: “Are you British or American?” c.
Hiro: “Have you been to Bath before?”
d. Maya: “Who loves rats?” e.
Johnny: “Are you crazy?” hint: buat dua bentuk (dengan if, dan dengan whether)
f.
Hiro: “Has Keith graduated from high school?”
g. Jack asked Jill: “Will you marry me?” h. Tom told Gina: “I had visited my uncle in London twice before he died.” i.
She said, “I’ve never been happier.”
j.
Daddy says, “Marriage life is never easy.”
k.
a. Jennifer asked Cynthia: “Are you going somewhere on Friday night?” “I’d like to invite you to my sister’s birthday party.”
l.
b. My grandfather told me: “Never intend to hurt someone or something. Be kind to all creatures.”
2.
Twenty years ago, Aunt May said, “Pluto is the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy.” The indirect speech of the sentence above is: a. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto has been the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy b. Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto is still the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy 62
c.
Twenty years ago, Aunt May said that Pluto had been the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy
d. Twenty years ago, Aunty May said that Pluto was the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy. 3.
Write the direct speeches of these sentences: a.
Clark said that he had done his job
b. She told me not to fly that high c.
Joan said she was crazy about me
d. Linda wondered where Tim had been gone all night. e.
Mom told the girls to work hard if they wanted to pass the exam.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban: a.
Maya aksed where Peter lived.
b. Johny asked me whether I was British or American. c.
She asked if I had been to Bath before.
d. Maya aksed who loved rats. perhatikan bahwa kalimat tanyanya dalam bentuk positif (bukan who does love rats, jadi tidak ada perubahan ke bentuk positif krn sudah positif) e.
Johny asked me whether I was crazy. Atau: Johny asked me whether I was crazy or not. Atau: Johny asked me if I was crazy.
f.
Hiro asked if Keith had graduated from high school. Atau: Hiro asked whether Keith had graduated from high school. Atau:
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Hiro asked whether Keith had graduated from high school or not. g. Jack asked Jill if she would marry him h. Tom told Gina that he had visited his uncle in London twice before he died. i.
She said that she had never been happier.
j.
Daddy says that marriage life is never easy. karena reporting verb (says) adalah bentuk Present Tense, reported speech (marriage life is never easy) harus dalam bentuk Present Tense juga.
k.
Jennifer asked Kevin if/whether he was going somewhere on Friday night because Jennifer would like to invite him to her sister’s birthday party.”
l.
My grandfather told me to never intend to hurt someone or something and to be kind to all creatures.
2.
D. Twenty years ago, Aunty May said that Pluto was the smallest planet in the Milky Way Galaxy Jika hal yang dikatakan tidak lagi berlaku di masa sekarang (saat kalimat indirectnya disampaikan), tetap gunakan Past Tense (jika kalimat langsungnya adalah Present Tense). Pluto bukan lagi termasuk planet dalam Galaksi Bimasakti, sehingga bentuk Present diubah ke Past (hanya berlaku di masa lampau)
3.
Write the direct speeches of these sentences: a.
Clark said that he had done his job Clark said, “I have done my job.”
b. She told me not to fly that high She told me, “Don’t fly that high.” c. Joan said she was crazy about me 64
Joan said, “I am crazy about you.” d. Linda asked Tim: “Where have you been gone all night?” e. Mom told the girls: “Work hard if you want to pass the exam.”
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TAG QUESTION SOAL 1.
Tambahkan tag question pada kalimat berikut: a.
You never actually loved me.
b. Let’s eat it up c.
Nobody answers the phone, _____?
d. Let’s go to the swimming pool, _____? e.
I’m the one who should apologize, _____?
f.
Nothing good came to your life before, _____?
g. Don’t forget to buy some aspirin, _____? h. She hardly ever worked in her life, _____? 2.
Jack could’ve bought a new house, _____. a.
So could you
b. You could’ve too c.
Could’ve you too?
d. So could’ve you
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
You never actually loved me, did you?
b. Let’s eat it up, shall we? c.
Nobody answers the phone, do they? Ingat, untuk bentuk no-… gunakan tag question positif (karena sejatinya no-… merupakan bentuk negative).
d. Let’s go to the swimming pool, shall we?
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Ingat, untuk ajakan gunakan shall. e.
I’m the one who should apologize, aren’t I?
f.
Nothing good came to your life before, did it?
g. Don’t forget to buy some aspirin, will you? h. She hardly ever worked in her life, did she? [Ingat, makna negatif, tag-nya positif] 2.
A. So could you
Gunakan bentuk modal yang paling dasar di sana (tapi pertahankan bentuk past jika digunakan bentuk past), yaitu could. Could have merupakan “perluasan” dari could.
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ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION SOAL 1.
Ubah kalimat ini menjadi kalimat elips (gunakan bentuk too DAN so, serta NEITHER dan EITHER jika kedua kalimat sama-sama negatif atau sama-sama positif): a. A police officer shot his forearm. That robber shot his forearm. b. Mummy never understands me. You never understand me. c. I hate you. She hates me. d. You didn’t have to do that. I had to do that. e. She loves cats. I hate cats.
2.
Pilih yang tepat; gerund atau to-infinitive, atau kedua-duanya: a.
I am used to do/doing this nasty thing
b. I didn’t do this to help/helping you c. 3.
Sorry to make/for making you wait
Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat positif-positif di bawah ini. a.
Mother bought a new dress. My sister and I bought a new dress
b. Sania has some works to do. Her roommates have some works to do. 4.
Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-negatif di bawah ini a.
Tara hasn’t gone to Mexico. Her best friends haven’t gone to Mexico.
b. Don isn’t going to hurt you. We’re not going to hurt you. 5.
Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-positif/positifnegatif di bawah ini 68
a.
Jack asked Jill: “Will you marry me?”
b. Tom told Gina: “I had visited my uncle in London twice before he died.” 6.
Tuliskan Elliptical Sentence dari kalimat di bawah ini a. Joe walked to the school. Lani walked to the park. b. Some people like to go to the beaches. Others like to go to the mountains. I like to go to the woods. c. This week I have so many things to do. The florist need to be choosed. The caterer need to be choosed. The wedding cake need to be ordered. The guest list need to be finalized. The bridal gown need to be fitted. d. I hope to see you. You hope to see me.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
A police officer shot his forearm, and that robber did too. A police officer shot his forearm, and so did the robber.
b. Mummy never understand me, and neither do you. Mummy never understands me, and you don’t either. c.
I hate you, and she me.
d. You didn’t have to do that, but I did. e.
She loves cats, but I don’t. kalimat elips Atau: She loves cats, but I hate them (the cats). Kalimat compound
2. Jawaban a.
I am used to doing this nasty thing karena ini adalah bentuk khusus dari “to” yang diikuti oleh Gerund.
b. I didn’t do this to help you. Karena to digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan (to infinitive setelah kata benda). 69
c.
Keduanya benar Sorry to make you wait: Maaf (akan) membuatmu menunggu Sorry for making you wait: Maaf (sudah) membuatmu menunggu
3. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat positif-positif di bawah ini. a.
Mother bought a new dress and my sister and I did, too. (Atau, and so did my sister and I)
b. Sania has some works to do and so do her roommates. (Atau and her roommates do, too) 4. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-negatif di bawah ini a.
Tara hasn’t gone to Mexico and her best friends haven’t either. (Atau, and neither have her best friends)
b. Don isn’t going to hurt you and neither are we. (Atau, and we’re not either) 5. Tuliskan bentuk elliptic untuk kalimat negative-positif/positifnegatif di bawah ini a.
Anita loves her coffee every morning but her husband doesn’t.
b. Farel won’t go anywhere this weekend but Farrah will. 6. Tuliskan Eliptical Sentence dari kalimat di bawah ini a.
Joe walked to the school and Lani to the park.
b. Some people like to go to the beaches. Others the mountains. I the woods. c.
This week I have so many things to do. The florist and the caterer need to be choosed, the wedding cake ordered, the guest list finalized and the bridal gown fitted. 70
d. I hope to see you, and you me. [hanya kata kerja yang sama, jarang digunakan, tapi acceptable]
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GERUND SOAL 1.
What’s the difference between: a. Papa stopped smoking b. Papa stopped to smoke c. I really enjoy _____ (to dive/diving) into the sea and _____ (see/seeing/to see) all the beautiful creatures in it.
2.
Pilih jawaban yang benar a. (Mastering/master/to master) a new language takes time and a lot of practices. b. I appreciate (to be/being/be) able to study in your place. c. We look forward to _____ (see/seeing) this weekend. d. The customers object to _____ (pay/paying) the higher price. e. Nadia chose to _____ (go/going) with him
JAWABAN 1.
What’s the difference between: a.
Papa stopped smoking Papa berhenti merokok
b. Papa stopped to smoke Papa berhenti melakukan hal lain untuk merokok …. contohnya: Papa stopped talking to smoke c.
I really enjoy diving into the sea and seeing all the beautiful creatures in it.
2.
Pilih jawaban yang benar 72
a. Mastering a new language takes time and a lot of practices. b. I appreciate being able to study in your place c. We look forward to SEEING this weekend. d. Forward to adalah kata yang HARUS diikuti verb-ing. e. The customers object to PAYING the higher price. f. Object to adalah kata yang HARUS diikuti verb-ing. g. Nadia chose to GO with him
TO INFINITIVES SOAL 1.
Pilihah kata yang sesuai, apakah menggunakan Gerund atau To Infinitive. a.
I’m not telling you to brag/bragging about your life
b. I look forward to seeing/to see/seeing you in class c.
My father definitely can’t afford _____ (to buy/buy/buying) a new motorcycle, let alone a new car.
d. d. The children seem to _____ (enjoy/enjoying) their tasks.
JAWABAN 1. Jawaban a.
I’m not telling you to brag about your life Karena to digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan (to infinitive setelah kata benda).
b. I look forward to seeing you in class Dialog film Big Hero 6 Look forward (to) adalah satu dari beberapa frasa yang HARUS selalu diikuti Gerund. 73
c.
My father definitely can’t afford to buy a new motorcycle, let alone a new car.
d. . The children seem to ENJOY their tasks.
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PREFERENCE SOAL 1.
Ubah kalimat ini dalam bentuk preferences yang sudah kalian pelajari: a.
I prefer learning English instead of playing video games. (would rather, would prefer to, like)
b. You had better go. (it’s time, it’s time you…) c.
She prefers going to London instead of leaving for Tokyo. (would rather, would prefer to)
d. I had better speak up. (it’s time, it’s time you…) e.
Papa likes swimming better than driving. (would rather, would prefer to, prefer)
2.
Ubahlah kalimat ini menggunakan kata di dalam kurung. a. They should have everything ready when our clients arrive. (had better) b. I like reading better than watching movies. (would rather) c.
3.
Perbaikilah kalimat di bawah ini a. She would prefer skiing rather than rock climbing. b. It’s time you go or you’ll be late for your appointment c. My mother prefers drink tea to coffee. d. b. They would prefer go to the beach rather than to the campsite.
4.
Ubahlah kalimat berikut menggunakan “prefer”, “would rather” dan “would prefer”. a. Sonia likes reading better than watching movies. b. Tara likes fish better than beef. 75
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
I would rather learn English than play video games I would prefer to learn English rather than play video games I like learning English better than playing video games
b. It’s time to go It’s time you went c.
She would rather go to London than leave for Tokyo She would prefer to go to London rather than leave for Tokyo
d. It’s time to speak up It’s time I spoke up e.
Papa would rather swim than drive Papa would prefer to swim rather than drive Papa prefers swimming instead of dricing
2.
Ubahlah kalimat ini menggunakan kata di dalam kurung. a. They had better have everything ready when our clients arrive. b. I would rather read than watch movies.
3.
Perbaikilah kalimat di bawah ini a. She would prefer to ski rather than rock climbing. b. It’s time you went or you’ll be late for your appointment. c. My mother prefers tea to coffee. OR My mother prefers drinking tea instead of drinking coffee. d. They would prefer go to the beach rather than to the campsite. They would prefer TO go to the beach rather than go to the campsite. 76
4. a.
Sonia likes reading better than watching movies. Sonia prefers reading instead of watching movies. Sonia would rather read than watch movies. Sonia would prefer to read rather than watch movies. b. Tara likes fish better than beef. Tara prefers eating fish instead of eating beef Tara would rather eat fish than eat beef. Tara would prefer to eat fish than eat beef.
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PARTICIPLES SOAL 1.
Susun kalimat dengan struktur Present Participle dan Past Participle dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut: a.
Scare, scary, horror movies, Nisa
b. Maya, bore, in, Indonesia, so, interest, go back, London 2.
Tulis kembali kalimat berikut dengan klausa participle yang sesuai. a. My brother left his soccer practice early because he felt sick. b. Her instructor was impressed by Kelly’s achievement, he pointed her as the main player.
JAWABAN 1.
Jawaban a.
Nisa is scared of horror movies because they are scary
b. Maya is bored in Indonesia, so she’s interested to go back to London 2.
Tulis kembali kalimat berikut dengan klausa participle yang sesuai. a. Feeling sick, my brother left his soccer practice early. b. Impressed by Kelly’s achievement, her instructor pointed her as the main player.
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MODALS SOAL 1.
Jelaskan perbedaan kalimat-kalimat berikut: b. She could’ve just cooked c.
She should’ve just cooked
d. She must’ve just cooked 3.
Jelaskan perbedaan makna kalimat di bawah ini a. I might have left the keys at home. b. I could have left the keys at home.
JAWABAN 1. a.
Dia bisa saja memasak, tapi dia tidak memasak
b. Dia seharusnya memasak, tapi dia tidak memasak c. 2.
Dia pasti baru saja memasak (artinya dia memasak)
Jelaskan perbedaan makna kalimat di bawah ini a.
I might have left the keys at home. Saya mungkin saja meninggalkan kunci di rumah, atau mungkin saja tidak.
b. I could have left the keys at home. Saya bisa saja meninggalkan kunci di rumah, tapi hal itu tidak saya lakukan.
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EXPRESSION SOAL 1.
Tentukan apakah kalimat di bawah ini sudah benar atau salah. Dan jika salah, tuliskan perbaikannya. a.
Aqilla tried breathing slowly, closing her eyes, and repeating “I can do it” again and again, but she could not quiet her heart beat, which pounded so hard she was sure Tamara could hear it clearly.
b. Bram checked behind the closet, in the laundry basket, and looked under the bed, but still could not find his new pair of jeans.
JAWABAN 1.
Tentukan apakah kalimat di bawah ini sudah benar atau salah. Dan jika salah, tuliskan perbaikannya. a.
Aqilla tried breathing slowly, closing her eyes, and repeating “I can do it” again and again, but she could not quiet her heart beat, which pounded so hard she was sure Tamara could hear it clearly. SUDAH BENAR
b. Bram checked behind the closet, in the laundry basket, and looked under the bed, but still could not find his new pair of jeans. SALAH, LOOKED SEHARUSNYA DIHILANGKAN. Kenapa? Karena sudah ada kata checked yang menjelaskan behind the closet, the laundry basket, dan under the bed, tidak perlu lagi kata looked. 80
BRITISH VS AMERICAN SOAL 1.
That was really _____. No one else could do it. Awesome! b. Bad c.
Sick
d. Terrible e.
Lame
JAWABAN 1.
B. Sick Sick merupakan American slang yang artinya “hebat”. Dari konteks kalimat dapat dilihat bahwa maksud yang disampaikan adalah betapa hebatnya/awesome (karena orang lain tidak bisa melakukannya).
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OTHER COOL STUFF SOAL 2.
X: I am sorry. Y: You are never sorry. X: No I’m serious. _____. a.
I am really sorry
b. I really am sorry c.
I am I am!
d. Yea of course 3.
What’s the difference between: a.
She’s interested She’s interesting
b. I told you not to fall in love with me I told you to not fall in love with me 4.
What’s the difference between: a.
Did you do your homework? Have you done your homework?
b. I have a lot of foods I have a lot of food c. You’re going to marry him? You must be joking. You’re going to marry him? You’re joking. 5.
What is the difference between: a. Good’s good Good goods b. For me, Dad is the richest man in the world now To me, Dad is the richest man in the world now c. In my brain, there is this one thing 82
In my mind, there is this one thing d. Black hair Black haired e. That pattern is unnatural That pattern is not natural f. I always went to see you everyday I always go to see you everyday g. I’ll miss you I’ll be missing you 6.
Explain these jokes if you get them. a.
Why are apostrophes terrible to date?
b. Why do words, phrases and punctuation keep ending up in court? c.
Why do writers constantly feel cold?
d. A man wanting to borrow another man's newspaper asks, "Are you finishe(d)?" The other man replies, "No, I'm Norwegian." e.
I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loudly.
f. One day an English grammar teacher was looking ill. A student asked, "What's the matter?" "Tense," answered the teacher, describing how he felt. The student paused, then continued, "What was the matter? What has been the matter? What might have been the matter?" g. A plain Indonesian guy bumped into a tourist. He said, “I’m sorry.” The tourist replied, “I’m sorry, too.” 83
He replied again, “I’m sorry three.” The tourist got confused, “What are you sorry for?” And he was like, “I’m sorry… Five?” 7. Explain this sentence: They think that they know that they know what you’re talking about. But actually they know that we know that they know that they don’t know what we’re talking about, you know? 8. Temukan kesalahan dalam kalimat berikut: a.
Factor analysis is used to discover how many abilities are involve in intelligence test performance.
b. My husband and father-in-law are like, they have the same laugh. c.
We’ll start moving in next week.
d. The counterpart of a negative electorns is the positive proton. e.
The speed of light is faster the speed of sound.
f.
I can explain farther if you’d like to listen.
g. I’m so embarrased everytime he passes by. h. Sweet dream, Honey.. 9.
Temukan kesalahan pada kalimat berikut a.
I’m boring. Let’s go to the movie.
b. I know I made a lot of mistakes in the past, Dad. But I’m changed now. c.
She can run fastly.
d. I’m so tired of walking. I don’t think I can go any further. e.
You look pale. You should lay down on this sofa.
10. Which of these sentences are/is grammatically and wrong in meaning? Tell me why: a.
Emma Watson is a famous actor 84
b. If you’re that brave, be a gentleman and come here
JAWABAN 1.
B. I really am sorry Yang membingungkan tentunya jawaban a dan b. I really am sorry digunakan untuk menunjukkan I am definitely sorry (aku bersungguh-sungguh, aku minta maaf). Sedangkan I am really sorry digunakan untuk menunjukkan I am very sorry (rasa maafku dalam sekali).
2.
What’s the difference between: a.
She’s interested Dia tertarik (Past Participle) She’s interesting Dia menarik (Present Participle)
b. Perbedaan sebenarnya sangat tipis. Not to dan to not punya makna yang sama. Namun to not memiliki makna poetic dan sedikit lebih menekankan maksud kita daripada not to. Selain itu, not to juga lebih umum digunakan krn aturannya adalah hindari pemisahan infinitive (kata to) dengan kata kerja (yaitu love, pada kalimat ini). Not to: not menjelaskan to dan kata-kata setelahnya To not: to menjelaskan not dan kata-kata setelahnya Jadi:
I told you not to fall in love with me My instruction is not this: fall in love with me. Bisa saja maksudnya “I told you not to fall in love with me, but you may like me. (Boleh sukai aku, tapi jangan jatuh cinta padaku.)
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I told you to not fall in love with me My instruction is this: don’t fall in love with me. Maksudnya hanya pasti “Jangan jatuh cinta padaku.”
3.
What’s the difference between: a. Did you do your homework? Apakah kau mengerjakan PR-mu (bertanya apa di masa lampau dia mengerjakan PR. Tidak bertanya sudah selesai apa belum) Have you done your homework? Apa PR-mu sudah selesai (bertanya apakah saat ini PRnya sudah selesai. b. And, what’s the difference between: I have a lot of foods Aku punya beberapa jenis makanan (kelompok makanan) Misalnya: I have a lot of foods. I have noodles, meat, vegetables, etc. I have a lot of food Aku punya makanan dalam jumlah banyak (makanan secara umum). Misalnya: I have a lot of food. I can’t eat it all by myself. c. Pada kalimat di atas, keduanya tidak berbeda. Namun pada kasus tertentu kita tidak bisa asal menggunakan to be dan must be: You must be mengandung makna “penebakan” yang kemungkinan besar benar. Karena artinya adalah “Kau pasti …”. Kalimat ini digunakan saat kita terkejut, excited, atau serasa tidak percaya pada yang disampaikan oleh lawan bicara. You are mengandung makna “pernyataan”. Karena artinya adalah “Kau adalah ...”. Tidak mengandung 86
perasaan excited seperti you must be (joking), namun bisa untuk menyatakan rasa tidak percaya. Contohnya: You must be Hiro! I’ve heard so much about you from your brother. (excited) ga bisa pake you are Hiro! She’s just joking. Don’t pay attention to her. ga bisa pake she must be joking You own a BMW car?! You must be joking! But, can I get a ride? XD bukan you’re, krn bermakna excitement You own a BMW car? You’re joking. You’re not that rich to even buy a scooter bisa pake you must be.
4. a.
Good’s good: Baik itu baik (good is good) adjective + is + adjective Good goods: Barang-barang bagus (goods: barang-barang) adjective + noun (membentuk noun phrase)
b. For me: Untuk saya (me menjadi sebab Dad menjadi the richest man) To me: Bagi saya (menurut saya) Contoh lain: I did this for you aku melakukan ini untukmu I did this to you aku melakukan ini padamu c.
In my brain: Di dalam otak saya ada sesuatu (misalnya ada peluru nyangkut di otak) In my mind: Di dalam pikiran saya ada sesuatu (misalnya pendapat, hal yang mengganjal) Jadi, brain adalah tempatnya otak. Semua orang punya brain tapi tidak semua punya healthy mind. 87
d. Black hair: Rambut yang hitam Hair sebagai noun, black sebagai adjective. Keduanya membentuk sebuah adjective phrase.
She has black hair Black haired: Berambut hitam Keduanya
membentuk
past-participle
yang
dapat
digunakan dalam kalimat berikut: e.
She is black-haired, atau I saw a black-haired girl.
Unnatural: menjadi sifat sesuatu Sudah sifat pattern tersebut unnatural. Not natural: tidak menjadi sifat sesuatu Bisa jadi pattern tersebut natural, namun saat kalimat disampaikan, pattern-nya sedang unnatural.
f.
I always went to see you every day I always go to see you every day Everyday: kata sifat, artinya setiap hari. Contoh: Learning English is my everyday activity (kegiatanku setiap harinya) Every day: kata keterangan (adverb). Contoh: I learn English every day (belajar setiap hari)
g. Difference between I’ll miss you: Aku akan merindukanmu. And that’s it. I’ll be missing you: Aku akan merindukanmu dan kerinduanku akan terus berlanjut (progressing) Jadi, I’ll be missing you lebih puitis daripada I’ll miss you. Hehe.. 5.
Explain these jokes if you get them. a.
Why are apostrophes terrible to date? Kenapa
apostrof
(‘)
itu
adalah
pasangan
yang
mengerikan? Karena mereka terlalu posesif (tanda 88
apostrof menjalankan fungsi kasus kepunyaan, alias possessive case). b. Why do words, phrases and punctuation keep ending up in court? To be sentenced berarti: -
Dibuat menjadi kalimat (kata-kata, frasa dan tanda baca membentuk kalimat)
-
Divonis/ dijatuhi hukuman (misal sentenced to death: dijatuhi hukuman mati)
c.
Why do writers constantly feel cold? Because they’re surrounded by drafts (angin). Draft bisa berarti konsep (tulisan) atau angin (terasa dingin tertiup angin).
d. A man wanting to borrow another man's newspaper asks, "Are you finishe(d)?" The other man replies, "No, I'm Norwegian." Finished bisa berarti selesai, atau Finnish (bahasa Finlandia). Makanya, the other man replies, “Bukan, saya Norwegia.” e.
I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loudly. Hi, Jack berarti -> Halo, Jack! Tapi, hijack juga berarti “membajak” (seperti bajak pesawat) atau “merampok”.
f.
One day an English grammar teacher was looking ill. A student asked, "What's the matter?" "Tense," answered the teacher, describing how he felt.
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The student paused, then continued, "What was the matter? What has been the matter? What might have been the matter?" Tense punya dua arti, “gugup” (what exactly happened to the teacher) dan “Tenses” (materi yang kita pelajari di Grammar). g. A plain Indonesian guy bumped into a tourist. He said, “I’m sorry.” The tourist replied, “I’m sorry, too.” He replied again, “I’m sorry three.” The tourist got confused, “What are you sorry for?” And he was like, “I’m sorry… Five?” I’m sorry too yang didengar org Indonesian guy itu adalah diartikannya “I am sorry two.” Dan What are you sorry for diartikannya “I am sorry four.” Makanya dia membalas three, five. 6.
Explain this sentence: They think that they know that they know what you’re talking about. But actually they know that we know that they know that they don’t know what we’re talking about, you know? Okay, this is a bit hard (to read and write). Artinya begini: Mereka pikir (they think) mereka tahu (that they know) bahwa mereka tahu (that they know) apa yang kaubicarakan
(what
you’re
talking
about).
Tapi,
sebenarnya (but actually), mereka tahu (they know) bahwa kita tahu (that we know) bahwa mereka tahu (that they know) bahwa mereka tidak tahu (that they don’t know) apa yang kita bicarakan (what we’re talking about), ngerti kan (you know)? 90
7.
Perbaiki Kesalahan a.
Factor analysis is used to discover how many abilities are involved in intelligence test performance. Kalimat di atas menggunakan struktur kalimat pasif (harus dalam bentuk kata kerja ketiga)
b. My husband and father-in-law are alike, they have the same laugh. Susunan yang benar adalah: Alike: S1 and S2 are ALIKE Like: S1 is LIKE S2 c.
Sudah benar Moving in: pindah ke (rumah/apartemen/tempat tinggal baru)
d. The counterpart of a negative electorn is the positive proton. Artilcle a hanya untuk benda tunggal. Jika diubah semua menjadi jamak, kalimat tersebut menjadi: The counterparts of negative electrons are the positive protons. e.
The speed of light is faster than the speed of sound. Jika diubah menjadi is as fast as, struktur kalimatnya masih benar secara grammar, tapi tidak benar secara Fisika (maknanya). Karena kecepatan cahaya jauh lebih cepat daripada kecepatan suara.
f.
I can explain further if you’d like to listen. Farther: lebih secara konkret, misalnya jarak Further:
lebih
secara
abstrak,
misalnya
penjelasan
(explanations) g. I’m so embarrassed everytime he passes by. Mispronounced: embarrassed 91
h. Sweet dreams, Honey Sweet dream: sebuah mimpi yang indah. Contohnya: Have a sweet/nice dream, Honey. Sweet dreams: ungkapan yang artinya “Mimpi indah, ya!” 8.
I’m bored. Let’s go to the movie. a.
Boring: membosankan Bored: bosan
b. I know I made a lot of mistakes in the past, Dad. But I’ve changed now. c. I’m changed: saya sudah diubah (Passive Voice) I’ve changed: saya sudah berubah (Present Perfect) d. She can run fast. There is not fastly in English. e. I’m so tired of walking. I don’t think I can go any farther. Further: not physically. Contohnya further information Farther: phyisically. Contohnya distance. e.
You look pale. You should lie down on this sofa. Lay down: give up/surrender in a war/mission Lay down is a nonstandard form of lie down.
9. a. Sudah benar Actor tidak harus perempuan, karena artinya adalah orang yang berakting. Actress hanya istilah khusus, dan boleh digunakan. b. If you’re that brave, be a man and come here! Be a man: jadilah laki-laki! Be a gentleman: jadilah laki-laki yang baik (ramah)
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