Arsitektur Komputer Pertemuan - 1 By t
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? Apa Tujuan Belajar Arsitektur Komputer By
1. Mengetahui tentang matakuliah CPU Arsitektur 2. Mengetahui hubungan antara CPU Arsitektur dengan matakuliah lain 3. Dapat mengikuti dan memahami perkembangan CPU 4. Mengetahui materi yang akan dipelajari pada matakuliah CPU Arsitektur t
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Apa ? Dan Apa?
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CPU Arsitektur • Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang struktur dan fungsi dari CPU.
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– Mempelajari tentang bagaimana CPU melakukan pekerjaannya – Mempelajari tentang bagaimana CPU berhubugan dengan peralatan yang lain dalam menjalankan tugasnya. – Mempelajari tentang komponen-komponen apa saja yang ada di dalam CPU – Memeplajari bagaimana cara mengatur kerja masing-masing komponen sehingga dapat berfungsi dengan baik
Aristektur ? Vs Organisasi ?
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• Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur merupakan kelanjutan dari matakuliah Organisasi Komputer yang sudah diperlajari pada semester sebelumnya. • Matakuliah Organisasi komputer yang dipelajari adalah komputer secara keseluruhan. • Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur yang dipelajari lebih terfokus pada CPU t
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Bagian dari CPU itu sendiri Apa ?
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System Bus
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Internal CPU Interconnection
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I/O
Arithmetic and Login Unit
Registers
He
Computer
CPU
Gambar CPU
Control Unit
Sistem mikroprosesor
mikroprosesor
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Sistem mikrokomputer
?… E
mbedded
? Belajar Mencontoh punya teman
Kuliah dikelas
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Perpustakaan
Praktek
Belajar kelompok
1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor
By
• Setiap komputer didalamnya pasti terdapat mikroprosesor. • Mikroprosesor, dikenal juga dengan sebutan Central Processing Unit (CPU) artinya unit pengolahan pusat. • CPU adalah pusat dari proses perhitungan dan pengolahan data yang terbuat dari sebuah lempengan yang disebut "chip". t
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– Chip sering disebut juga dengan "Integrated Circuit (IC)", bentuknya kecil, terbuat dari lempengan silikon dan bisa terdiri dari 10 juta transistor
1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor
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• 1971 = intel 4004
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• 1974 = Komputer di rumah adalah intel 8080 t
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– hanya dapat digunakan untuk operasi penambahan dan pengurangan.
– Komputer 8 bit dalam satu chip yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 1974. – 1979 diperkenalkan mikroprosesor baru yaitu 8088
1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor • Mikroprosesor pertama adalah intel 4004 yang dikenalkan tahun 1971 By
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– Kegunaan mikroprosesor ini masih sangat terbatas (operasi penambahan dan pengurangan). – Pertama yang digunakan untuk komputer di rumah adalah intel 8080 • komputer 8 bit dalam satu chip yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 1974. • Tahun 1979 diperkenalkan mikroprosesor baru yaitu 8088
1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor
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8088 80286 80486 Pentium Pentium I, II, III Pentium IV t
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Perbandingan besar processor Tahun Keluar
Jumlah Transistor
Micron
Clock speed
Data width
MIPS
8080
1974
6000
6
2 MHz
8
0,64
8088
1979
29.000
3
5 MHz
16 bits, 8 bit bus
0,33
80286
1982
134.000
1,5
6 MHz
16 bits
1
80386
1985
275.000
1,5
16 MHz
32 bits
5
80486
1989
1.200.000
1
25 MHz
32 bits
20
Pentium
1993
3.100.000
0,8
60 MHz
t
32 bits, 64 bit
100
Pentium II
1997
7.500.000
0,35
233 MHz
32 bits, 64 bit bus
400
Pentium III
1999
9.500.000
0,25
450 MHz
32 bits, 64 bit bus
1.000
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Sumber : www.intel.com
By
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Nama Prosesor
Keterangan Tabel By
• Transistor berbentuk seperti tabung yang sangat kecil, terdapat pada Chip • Micron adalah ukuran dalam Micron (10 pangkat -6), merupakan kabel terkecil dalam Chip • Clock Speed = kecepatan maksimal sebuah prosesor • Data width = lebar dari Arithmatic Logic Unit (ALU) / Unit pengelola aritmatika, untuk proses pengurangan, pembagian, perkalian dan sebagainya • MIPS = Millions of Instructions Per Second / Jutaan perintah per detik
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Pebandingan besar Prosessor secara fisik
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* Dalam ukuran yang sama kapasitas dan kemampuan bertambah
1.2. Garis Besar Buku
By
Pengantar Arsitektur Komputer Bab 1 ini merupakan pengantar keseluruhan isi buku, yang menjelaskan apa itu komputer dan bagaimana arsitektur CPU sistem komputer.
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Aritmetika Komputer Bab 2 menjelaskan dasar - dasar operasi data aritmetika. Meliputi representasi bilangan integer dan bilangan dalam bentuk floating point. Operasi aritmetika bilangan biner dan floating point juga dijelaskan pada bab ini. Set Instruksi Bab 3 mengkaji format instruksi. Karakteristik mesin komputer dalam menjalankan instruksi yang diberikan padanya. Mode pengalamatan juga dijelaskan beserta contoh penerapannya pada komputer pentium.
1.2. Garis Besar Buku
By
Struktur dan Fungsi CPU Dalam bab 4 ini difokuskan pada pembahasan organisasi prosesor dalam menjalankan fungsinya. Internal CPU secara detail dijelaskan dalam bab ini, meliputi organisasi register sebagai penyimpanan sementara internal CPU, juga dijelaskan strategi pipelining instruksi - instruksi.
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Dukungan Sistem Operasi Sistem operasi adalah program yang menjembatani antara perangkat keras komputer dengan programmer dan program - program aplikasi yang digunakan pengguna dijelaskan dalam bab 5 ini. Kajian meliputi penjelasan sistem operasi dan manajemen memori Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) Dalam bab 6 dijelaskan tentang tipe set instruksi terutama RISC. Dijelaskan juga perbedaannya dengan tipe CISC. Tipe instruksi tersebut sangat berpengaruh terhadap arsitektur mikroprosesor sebagai mesin eksekutornya. Operasi Unit Kontrol Bab 7 ini menerangkan tentang operasi kontrol prosesor dan unit - unit perangkat keras.
Matakuliah Arsitektur Komputer By
• CPU Arsitektur adalah Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang fungsi dan struktur dari CPU • Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur merupakan kelanjutan dari matakuliah Organisasi komputer t
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Tugas ! By
• Buatlah grafik tetang kecepatan prosessor terhadap tahun keluar • Buatlah grafik tentang Jumlah transistor terhadap tahun keluar • Buatlah grafik tetang lebar data terhadap tahun keluar • Buatlah makalah tentang perkembangan prosesor pada saat ini t
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Referensi Buku : By
• Computer Organization and Architecture, William Stalling, Fifth Edition, prentice Hall, 2000 • Computer Organization Architecture, Andrew S. Tanenbaum prentice Hall, 1999 • Computer Organization, Hamacher, McGraw Hill, 1990 • Applied Operating System concept, Avi Silberschatz, peter Galvin, Greg Gagne, John Wiley Inc 2000 t
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