Apakah lndonesia AkanMenggunakan Fasilitas AGOA (African Act)?? GrowthandOpportunity LaDoran: KBRIWindhoek
Aftban Gftwth and oppoftunity Act (AcoA) merupakan kebtakan Pemerintah Am€dkaS6rikatdi bawahpimpinanPresidenOinlon yangdipeyungioleh Title1 ot th€ Trade and DeveloptrlFlntAcl ot 2000 tanggal 18 Mei 2000 dan mulai efektif dibedakukan sejakbulanJanuari20o'1. AGOA memborikenk6lvenanganbegi Presilen AS untuk membeikanpedakuan bebaspajak bedasaftan Ge?eratsedSysbrt of PrafeEnces (GsP) hinggetanggel 30 September 200E untuk berbagai jenis produk yang dinilai US lrade Ropr.serlatr've (USIR) dan US lntenationel T6& fummission {US/IC) buken metupakanpoduk gensititbila diimporda.i 39 nogaE Afrikayang dinihi borhak mempeaoleh fesililastels€but. 460A AccabrationAcl AS menandstangani PEdatEnggel13Juli20(X,P6merintah ot2004 yang mengaturperpsnjanganmasa penerapanAGOAhingga30 soptomb€r 2015. Seat ini, sokite.6.400jenis prcduk,torma3ukbqbegai prcdukyang seb€lumnya dinilai gebagsi barang sonsitif sepe.li apa|sl, alas keki, koper, tas tangan dan jam tanoan,jugat6lahdirryrlakenbebaspaiakimpor Nsgere-n6garaAfiika p.nodme f.silitas AGOA edelah Angola, B€nin, Bolswana, Bufiin8 Faso,Burundi,camercon,cap€ vsde, Chad,RepublicKongo,RD Kongo, Kenye,L€solho, Djibouti,Elhiopia,Gsbon,Gambia,Ghana,Guin€4,Guin€a-Bis3au, Libgria,Madggascar,Mslewi,Mali, Mauritania,Maudtius,Mozambiqus,Namibia, Siera L6one, Nige( Nigerh,Rw€nda,SeoTomeand Pdncipg,Sonogal,Seychelles, Tanzania,Ug€nda,Zambia. AtrikaSelst n, Swaziland, T'E'del.a,vCenbe torsoutll€lmAt b (TRALAC)rn€ncatatbahwasepanjangpe.iode 2004 - 2007, produk Nemibiayaog diekspor ke AS di bawah payungAGOA adelah paoduksektor kehutanan,lebtil dsn ape€l serla logam dan minoral.Produk pgnanbnden pet€makanseda prpdukkimh tuga dickspor,namundglemjumlsh yang lglatif kecil. Sem.ntrrg itu, poduk-produk yang dinlEi momilili keuntungankompatalif unluk fasilitasAGOA adalahs.yur dan buahdipa3arkanke AS denganmongguneken buahanyengmomilikinilaiiuallinggi,minumenanggu,,buahan0gua,produkkulit, manner,Oasden batusemipermata.
prelerensral denganUni Eropa.justru membukakesempatanbagi Namibiauntuk mulaifiempertimbangkan AS sebagainegaratujuaneksporalternatif Bank ol Namibia iuga menilai bahwa PemerintahNamibaabelum mampu memaksimalisasipenggunaan AGOA mengingat hanya perusahaan tekslil dan garmenRamalexyang menggunakantusilitasAGOA. Oleh karenanya,peluang untukmenjajakipasarAS melaluiNamibiam6ih terbukalebarmengirEatlebihdari 6.,t00.ienisprodukbqhak menperobh pe.lakuanbebaspajak. RamatexadalahperusahaanPMA asal Malaysiayang bergerakdalambidangtekstit dan gamen dan menjalankankegiatan op€rasionalnyadi Otjomuise,deerah pinggiranibukota \Mndhoek.Sdain di Namibia, Ramatexjw,a mernilikianak perusahaandi €umlah kota di benuaAsia, Afrika Selatandan Mauritus DiterapkannyaAtican Grwth and Oppottuniu Ad (AGOA) yang memberikan fasilitas bebas pajak dan bebas kuola untuk produk ekspor 6d ka{,as€n subSahara Afika ol€h Pemeririah AS, Glah merdorong Ramalex unluk m€mp€rluas jaringanusahanyake benuaAfiika. Pada tanggal 14 Juni 2001, proyek Ramarex socara resmi diluncurt€n, disusul dengank€giatanpembarEunanpabrik iekstil terpadu yang terdiri atas empat pabrik garmen,dua pabrik p€ngrajutan,dua pat'dk pernintalandan dua pabrik p*amaan ssnileiUS$ l(x)iuta padabulanAgustrB2(x)1. R€|natex t€lah nsnjalin hubungan dengan lebih dari 250 pembeli iniemasional, temasuk para p€negarE merek temama sepedi Nike, Puma, Aduas, Woohvorth. Sekitar 70% prcduk Ra''latex dipasakan ke wilayah Amerike Srrikat dongan mdnanfaatkanfaslittg AGOA.Sedangkansbanya dieksporke karasan Uni Eropa. Bsrbagai kontoversi menyangkutmasalah kd€nagakerjaan telah muncut bahkan s€jak sebdt'm Ramalgr memul€i kogiatan opeaasionalnyakaaena p€rusahaan ters€bd dinilai kurangmempsrhatikenm6dah k€5€iahteraanburuh.Sdn€ntara itu, berakhimyaMurf,Fibrp Agtsgnt€/it(MFA) p8{la a*al tahun 2005 sdnskin menekan ke,nampuanbe,saingprcduk Ramalexdi pasarinbmasional. Pada tahun yang sama, RaDalBx d(himya brpaksa menutrg kogiatanop€t'*ional anak p€.usehaannya,yaitu R rTro Ganrrenls. Saet ini, €ksiltensi RamstEx di Namibiamulai Grancammengingatpihak manajgn€n perusahaanbemaksud urfuk meogafhkan kegiatan operasionahya ke n€g6ra lain, s6dengkan Pemerirdah NamiHamasihberusahaunh* ie{ap mempertahankanRamalar di Namibaa.
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Whatis AGOA? AGOA accords duty-freetreatmentto virtuallyall products expofteooy beneficiary (SSA)countries sub-Saharan to theUnitedStates.AGOA provides beneficiary countries withthe mostliberalaccess to theUnited Statesmarketaccorded to anycountryor regionthat hasnot negotiated a freetradeagreement withthe UnitedStates. TheAGOA billwhichwasenactedin 2000originally expiredon September 30,2008butas a resultof the July13,2004signingof the AGOA Acceleration Actof 2004,AGOAhasbeenextended untilSeptember 30, 2015. AGOA benefits arecurrently extended to 37 SSAcountries andto more than1,800tarifflineitemsin additionto the4,600itemsalreadyenjoying duty-free statusunderthe U.S.Generalized (GSp) Systemof preferences program. AGOAhasaddedto the listof duty-freeproducts suchmajor impoft-sensitive itemsasapparel,footwear,luggage, handbags and watches. Whatare the main benefitsavailableto exportersfrom AGOA beneficiarycountries? AGOA accords duty-freeaccessfor eligibleproducts to the largestsingle marketin the world.It alsoprovides beneficiary countries with a significant competitive advantage overnon-AGOA countries that mustpaynormal tariffratesto entertheUnitedStates.Thisis particularly true withrespect products to that havehighU.S.tariffratesin manyinstances, suchas apparel, products. footwearandagricultural Theprogram alsopromotes exportdiversification in AGOA countries throughitsprovision of duty-freeandquoE-freebenefitsto virtuallyall products. AGOA alsoencourages expanded regional integration and productlon sharingamongbeneficiary job creation countries, andprovides andeconomic arowthwithinthosecountries. In addition, AGOAprovides significant opportunities for companies and business organizations to buildrelationships withtheirU.S.counteroarts. It
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alsoprovides securityfor bothSSAexporters andpotentialU.S.investors byensuring AGOA benefits until2015. EligibilityRequirements Theeligibility requirements setforthin AGOAweredeveloped bythe U.S. "best government withAfricancountries, in consultation andconstitute practice" policies that willhelpthesecountries to aBracttradeand investment. Thesecriteriaincludeeithertheestablishment of, or continual progress towardestablishing, a market-based removal economy; of barriers to U.S.tradeandinvestment; establishment of ruleof law;efforts protection propertyrightsand to combatcorruption; of intellectual internationally recognized workerrightsandpolicies to reducepoverty. In addition, countries cannotengagein activities thatundermine U.S. national cannotengagein gross security or foreignpolicyinterests; violations recognized humanrights;cannotprovide of internationally support foractsof international terrorism, andmusthaveimplemented theircommitments to eliminate theworstformsof childlabor. Whomakesthe determinationsregardingAGOAeligibility? panelchairedby the Officeof theUnited A U.S.government interagency States reviews for TradeRepresentative the eligibility of Africancountries AGOA benefits annually, basedon thecriteriasetforthin theAGoA legislation. involvedin U.S.trade All U.S.government agencies policymaking part process. in this The panelrelieson information take provided agencies by U.S.embassies, 55Agovernments, U.S.government parties. andcomments to the U.S.government submitted by interested Interagency recommendations on eligibility aresubmitted to the President for finaldetermination. Cana beneficiarycountry lose its AGOAbenefits? Yes.TheU.S.govemment annually reviewsprogress in eacheligible countrytowardmeetingtheAGOAeligibility criteriasetforth.ThePresident mustwithdraw AGOAbeneRts froma beneficiary countryif on the basisof theinteragency reviewit is determined thatthecountryis not making progress continual towardmeetingtheeligibility criteria,
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ThePresident hascjteda varietyof reasons for withdrawing AGoA benefits, aswellasfor denyjng AGOA benefits to countries thathavenot yet beendesignated beneficiary These include countries. absence of economic reform,ruleof law,humanrights,foreignpolicyandpolitical circumstances. Whichproductsare eligible for AGOAbenefits? Nearly to the UnitedStatesare allproducts exportedby SSAcountries /ith eligible \ veryfewexceptions, as longastheymeetthe AGOA ruleof requirements from origin andareexporteddirectly a beneficiary countryto the UnitedStates. ThePresident takesintoaccountthe advicereceived fromtheU.S.International TradeCommission of on the imDortsensitiviw products. How do I determineif the productsI want to expot to the United Statesare eligiblefor duty-free treatment? Therearethreemeansby whichproducts to the exportedby SSAcountries govemment treatment. TheU.s. UnitedStatesmaybeaccorded duty-free general hasalready tariff many imports in asa resultoF eliminated the on previously negotiated In addition,manydeveloping country agre€ments. products entertheUnitedStatesduty-freeundertheU.S.Generalized program(GSP).UnderAGOAnumerous additional System of Preferences products fromthe UnitedStates. AGOA arereceiving duty-freetreatment addedapproximately 1,800tarifflineitemsto the 4,600itemsalready entering the UnitedStatesunderGSP. Thefirststepyouneedto taketo determine the U.S.tariff ratefora productisto findout whattheU.S.Harmonized (HTSUS) TariffSchedule numberis for thatproduct.Youcandetermine that by goingto: www.usitc.govltab/index.htm. An alphabetized indexandlistingof articles you is located rear at the of the HTSUS. Once determine the HTSUS youwillbeableto findout theU,S,tariffrate. number, what are the specificAGOArequirementsconcerningproducts exportedby SSAcountries to the UnitedStates?
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Theproducts in questionmusthavebeendeemedeligiblefor AGOA benefits by the U.S.government. Theymustalsohavebeengrown, produced by a beneficiary countrythroughmorethana or manufactured packaging simplecombining or operation, andmustbe exported directlyto theUnitedStates. Theproductsmustalsomeetthe specificruleof origin requirements, andmustbe accompanied by importdocumentation that AGOA documents, claims benefitson the relevantshipping Therearealsoadditional requirements for specific typesof products. In the products, must caseof apparel beneficiary countries adopta U.S.government visa laws approved systemanddomestic andenforcement measures of theapparelanduseof to preventillegaltransshipment products, counterfeit In the cas€of agricultural theymust documents. Department to complywithregulauons established by theU.S.Agriculture protectthehealthof the American public.In addition,beneficiary countries products to the UnitedStateswill haveto providethe exporting agricultural noticeof eachshipment withadvance U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration p€rmit the agencyto targetinspections more entering the UnitedStatesto products. effectively andhelpensurethe safetyof those What arc the AGOArule of origin criteria for products exportedby SSAcountriesto the United States? products, with respect to non-apparel the productmustbe thegrowth, product country,andan AGOAcountry of a beneficiary or manufacture provide percent valueaddedin the courseof the must at least35 production percent process. Upto 15 of that35 percentmaybederived fromU.S.partsor materials usedto produce the product. varywiththe product. Therulesof originregarding As apparelproducts notedabove,beneficiary mustestablish effectivevisasystems countries procedures beforeany andinstltuterequired enforcement andverification of theirapparelexportsto the UnitedStatescanreceiveAGOAbenefits. Specifically, AGOA extendsduty-freeandquota-free treatmentto SSA sweaters made apparelmadefromU.S.yarnandfabricandknit-to-shape in the regionfromcashmere andsomemerinowools.AGOAalsoaccords suchbenefits to SSAapparelmadefromyarnsandfabricsnot produced in quantities commercial in the UnitedStates,andto SSAproducts thatare
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goodsof handloomed fabricor fabric,handmade eitherhandloomed between theUnited through consultations folkloric items(asdetermined StatesandtheexportingSSAcountry). fabric to SSAapparelmadefromregional arealsoextended AGOA benefits suchproducts aresubjectto an annualcapbythe andyarn.However, Acceleration implemented by the AGOA Withthe extension UnitedStates. of the Actof 2004,the ceilingqoesup everyyearto a capof 7 percent in the a specialprovision alsoprovides marketby 2015.AGOA U.S.apparel Product withan annualGrossNational countries capthatallowsbeneficiary "lesser to beneficiary countries" developed of under$1,500,referredto as until2012. usefabricinputsfromanycountry what constitutesan "effectivevisa system" with respectto SsA apparelexportsto the UnitedStates? sectorprocess that visasystemis a government-private Aneffective were thatthe itemsfor whichAGOAbenefitsareclaimed demonstrates in accordance with produced countryor countries in a beneficiary actually hasadvised SSA rulesof origin.TheU.S.government therequired thateach countries on whatthevisasystemshouldentail.Thisincludes shipment becoveredby an originalvisastampedon an originalinvoice' suchas thedateof the visa, Thevisaneedsto containcertaininformation anda countrycode. of goodsthat areshiPped thequantity what AGOAandthe thirdcountryfabricbenefits, In addition to extending provisions Act of of the AGOAAcceleration arethesomeof the additional 2004? products . Expands to includeethnicprinted definitionof "folklore" to qualifyfor duty'free fabrksthataremadeon machines treatrnent. . Allowsthe useof thirdcountrycollarsandcuffs,drawstrings, padsor otherpadding, waistbands, belb atbchedto the shoulder that elastic,or elbowpatchesto articles article,strapscontaining treatment. for preferential meetthe requirements . Extends fromOctober1, 2000to duv freebenefitsretroactivelv thatwaspreviously knit-to-shape apparelin AGOAeligiblecountries for refunds withthe Importersmustfiletheirrequests disqualified.
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U.S.Bureau of Customs andBorderProtection at the portot entry (luly13, within90daysfromtheenactment of thelegislation 2004).Retroactive AGOAvisasandcertificates of originmustbe filedwiththe request. . Directsthe President to developpolicies to supportinfrastructure ports,energy, roads,railways, development in ecotourism, processing. telecommunications andagriculture In addition, the President mustsubmita reportto Congress, no laterthanoneyear fromtheenactment of thisAct,thathighlights the sectors of each Africancountry's economy thatshowtie eligiblesub-Saharan potentialfor growth,identifies greatest anybarriersthatexist,and makesrecommendations on howthe UnitedStatescanprovide to removethesebarriers andincrease technical assistance for U.S.investors, businesses, andfarmers. opportunitles where can I 90 to get additionalquestionsansweredabout AGOA? an AGOA OnlineTradeForumin September TheTradeHubis lmolemented Thisforum on a regularbasisby theAGOAAdvisor. 2004thatis monitored willbe published on ourwebsite, onlineandinstructions canbeaccessed YoucanalsocontacttheAGOA TradeandBusiness www.satradehub.org. or fax: +267390Manager. BrettJohnson, at phone:+ 267390-0884 or
[email protected]. 1027or email:
[email protected]
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