ABSTRAK PREVALENSI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RUMAH SAKIT IMMANUEL PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2012 Albert Jonathan, 2013
Pembimbing 1 : Oeij Anindita Adhika, dr., M.kes Pembimbing 2 : Sri Utami Sugeng, Dra., M.Kes
Latar Belakang Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Indonesia masih merupakan penyakit endemik dengan insiden tinggi yang sering kali berakhir sebagai kejadian luar biasa (KLB) terutama pada musim penghujan dan mengakibatkan angka kematian yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kasus demam berdarah di Rumah Sakit Immanuel pada Januari - Desember 2012. Metode Desain penelitian adalah observasional dengan metode pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data yang diperlukan diambil dari Bagian Rekam Medik Rumah Sakit Immanuel dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik yang disusun menurut bulan kejadian, usia pasien, dan jenis kelamin. Hasil Pada penelitian didapatkan 2136 kasus demam berdarah dengue, paling tinggi terjadi pada bulan Juli (271 Kasus) , dan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (1137 kasus atau 53,2%) dengan usia 5 - 14 tahun (693 kasus atau 28%). Kesimpulan Kasus demam berdarah dengue di Rumah Sakit Immanuel paling tinggi pada bulan Juli, lebih banyak pada laki-laki daripada perempuan dan paling tinggi pada kelompok umur 5 - 14 tahun. Kata kunci: kasus demam berdarah dengue, kelompok umur, jenis kelamin
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ABSTRACT PREVALENCE OF DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AT IMMANUEL HOSPITAL JANUARY - DECEMBER 2012 Albert Jonathan, 2013
Tutor 1: Oeij Anindita Adhika, dr., M.kes Tutor 2: Sri Utami Sugeng, Dra., M.Kes
Background Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia is still an endemic disease with high incidence which likely ends into extraordinary outbreak, especially on rainy season and causes high mortality rate . Objectives The purpose of this research is to know the prevalence of dengue haemorrhagic fever at Immanuel Hospital in January – December 2012. Methods This research is an observational with Retrospective method. The data needed is from Immanuel Hospital Medical record, and prepared in graphic that is arranged in month, age, and sex Results The result of this research is the highest incidence is on July and at age 5 – 14 years old. Conclusions The prevalence of dengue haemorrhagic fever at Immanuel Hospital showed the highest on July and higher prevalence on men and at age 5 – 14 years old . Keywords: Dengue haemorrhagic fever incident, age and sex
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DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .............................................................................
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SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. iii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................
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KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................................
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1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ..................................................................................
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1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................
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1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian .................................................................................
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1.3.2 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................
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1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .....................................................................................
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1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis.................................................................................
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1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis.......................................................................................
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1.5 Landasan Teori ..........................................................................................
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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) ................................................
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2.1.1 Definisi DBD .....................................................................................
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2.1.2 Diagnosis Klinik ................................................................................
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2.1.3 Vektor Penular Penyakit ....................................................................
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2.1.4 Penularan DBD ..................................................................................
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2.1.5 Segitiga Epidemiologi ........................................................................
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2.1.6 Prevalensi ...........................................................................................
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2.2 Patofisiologi ............................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Etiologi ................................................................................................ 10 2.2.2 Proses Perjalanan Penyakit ................................................................. 10 2.3 Penyakit DBD ............................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Klasifikasi ........................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Manifestasi Klinis ............................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Komplikasi ......................................................................................... 13 2.3.4 Pemeriksaan Diagnostik...................................................................... 13 2.3.5 Penatalaksanaan .................................................................................. 14 2.3.6 Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue ............................................... 15
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Bahan dan Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Bahan Penelitian ................................................................................ 17 3.1.2 Populasi dan Sampel .......................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................ 17 3.2 Metode Penelitian...................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Desain Penelitian ............................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Prosedur Kerja ................................................................................... 18 3.2.3 Cara Pemeriksaan............................................................................... 18 3.3 Metode Analisis .......................................................................................... 18 3.4 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................... 18
BAB IV HASIL, PEMBAHASAN DAN PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian .......................................................................................... 19 4.2 Pembahasan................................................................................................ 25
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan .................................................................................................... 26
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5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 26
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 27 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 29 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ......................................................................... 31
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 2.1 Virus Dengue Dengan TEM Micrograph ........................................ 10 Gambar 2.2 Bagan Kejadian Infeksi Virus Dengue ............................................ 12
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DAFTAR GRAFIK Halaman Grafik 4.1 Jumlah kasus DBD Januari - Desember 2012 ................................... 19 Grafik 4.2 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Inap Bulan Januari - Desember 2012..... 20 Grafik 4.3 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Jalan Bulan Januari - Desember 2012 ... 20 Grafik 4.4 Jumlah Kasus DBD Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............................... 21 Grafik 4.5 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Inap Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ........... 22 Grafik 4.6 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Jalan Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .......... 22 Grafik 4.7 Jumlah Kasus DBD Berdasarkan Kelompok Usia ............................ 23 Grafik 4.8 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Inap Berdasarkan Kelompok Usia ......... 24 Grafik 4.9 Jumlah Kasus DBD Rawat Jalan Berdasarkan Kelompok Usia........ 24
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Lampiran 1 Ijin Pengambilan Data..................................................................... 29 Lampiran 2 Tabel Jumlah Kasus DHF Pasien Rawat Jalan & Rawat Inap .....
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