ABSTRAK PERBANDINGAN ANGGUR MERAH BERBIJI DAN ANGGUR MERAH TIDAK BERBIJI (Vitis vinifera) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH Brigitta Widhayu Wiradi, 2013 Pembimbing: dr. Ellya Rosa Delima., M.Kes. Latar belakang Hipertensi biasanya dapat menjadi pemicu terjadinya gangguan sistem peredaran darah. Pengobatan penyakit hipertensi bisa dilakukan secara medis atau tradisional dengan menggunakan ramuan herbal yang mempunyai efek menurunkan tekanan darah. Salah satu buah yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi yaitu anggur. Anggur merah terdiri dari anggur merah berbiji dan tidak berbiji. Tujuan Penelitian Ingin mengetahui apakah anggur merah berbiji dan anggur merah tidak berbiji menurunkan tekanan darah. Ingin mengetahui apakah anggur merah berbiji menurunkan tekanan darah lebih rendah daripada anggur merah tidak berbiji. Metode penelitian Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental kuasi. Hasil Rerata tekanan darah sistolik sesudah dan sebelum minum jus anggur merah berbiji adalah 97,66 mmHg (SD=7,042) dan 108,69 mmHg (SD=8,397). Rerata tekanan darah diastolik sesudah dan sebelum minum jus anggur merah berbiji adalah 69,54 mmHg (SD=5,633) dan 74,74 mmHg (SD=7,516). Rerata tekanan darah sistolik sesudah dan sebelum minum jus anggur merah tidak berbiji adalah 98,43 mmHg (SD=7,477) dan 104,86 mmHg (SD=8,974). Rerata tekanan darah diastolik sesudah dan sebelum minum jus anggur merah tidak berbiji adalah sebesar 69,49 mmHg (SD=6,382) dan 73,57 mmHg (SD=6,581). Rerata selisih tekanan darah sistolik sesudah minum jus anggur merah berbiji dan tidak berbiji adalah 11,03 mmHg (SD=6,085) dan 6,43 mmHg (SD=4,635). Rerata selisih tekanan darah distolik dan sesudah minum jus anggur merah berbiji dan tidak berbiji sebesar 5,20 mmHg (SD=4,819) dan 4,09 mmHg (SD=4,068). Kesimpulan Anggur merah berbiji dan anggur merah tidak berbiji menurunkan tekanan darah. Anggur merah tidak berbiji menurunkan tekanan darah lebih rendah daripada anggur merah berbiji. Kata kunci anggur merah berbiji, anggur merah tidak berbiji, tekanan darah.
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ABSTRACT COMPARISON OF SEEDED RED GRAPE FRUIT AND SEEDLESS RED GRAPE FRUIT (Vitis vinifera) ON LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE Brigitta Widhayu Wiradi, 2013 Tutor: dr. Ellya Rosa Delima., M.Kes. Background Hypertension may be the trigger of blood circulation system disturbances. In order to treat the hypertension can be done by either medically or traditionally. In traditional methodology, herbal concoction with curing effect of lowering blood hypertension is used and one of them is grape. Red grape consists of seeded and seedless red grape. Objective To find out if seeded red grape fruit lowers blood pressure. To find out if seedless red grape fruit lowers blood pressure. To find out if seeded red grape fruit lowers blood pressure lower than seedless red grape fruit. Research method This research is going to use quasi-experimental design. Result The result of systolic blood pressure after and before consumption of seeded red grape fruit juice is 97.66 mmHg (SD=7,042) and 108,69 mmHg (SD=8,397). The result of diastolic blood pressure after and before consumption of seeded red grape fruit juice is 69,54 mmHg (SD=5,633) and 74,74 mmHg (SD=7,516). The result of systolic blood pressure after and before consumption of seedless red grape fruit juice is 98,43 mmHg (SD=7,477) and 104,86 mmHg (SD=8,974). The result of diastolic blood pressure after and before consumption of seedless red grape fruit juice is 69,49 mmHg (SD=6,382) and 73,57 mmHg (SD=6,581). The result of deviation of systolic blood pressure after consumption of seeded and seedless red grape fruit juice is 11,03 mmHg (SD=6,085) and 6,43 mmHg (SD=4,635). The result of deviation of diastolic blood pressure after consumption of seeded and seedless red grape fruit juice is 5,20 mmHg (SD=4,819) and 4,09 mmHg (SD=4,068). Conclusion Both seeded and seedless red grape fruit have lowering blood pressure effect. Seeded red grape fruit lowers blood pressure lower than seedless red grape fruit. Key word seeded red grape fruit, seedless red grape fruit, blood pressure.
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .............................................................................. i SURAT PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... ii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ……………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 2 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ................................................................................ 2 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................................... 2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ....................................................................................... 3 1.6 Hipotesis Penelitian ........................................................................................ 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Anggur ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Sejarah Anggur ....................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Taksonomi Anggur ................................................................................. 6 2.1.3 Morfologi Tanaman Anggur .................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Varietas Anggur ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.5 Syarat Tumbuh ....................................................................................... 8 2.1.6 Kandungan dan Manfaat ........................................................................ 10 2.1.7 Khasiat Anggur ....................................................................................... 12 2.2 Tekanan Darah ............................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Faktor yang Mempengruhi Tekanan Darah ............................................12 2.2.2 Cara Pengukuran Tekanan Darah ........................................................... 14 2.2.3 Kelainan Tekanan Darah ........................................................................ 15 2.2.3.1 Hipotensi ......................................................................................... 15 2.2.3.2 Hipertensi ........................................................................................ 16 2.2.4 Epidemiologi .......................................................................................... 16 2.2.5 Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko ................................................................... 17 2.2.6 Klasifikasi Hipertensi ............................................................................. 18 2.2.7 Bahaya Hipertensi .................................................................................. 20
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BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Alat, Bahan dan Subjek Penelitian ................................................................. 21 3.1.1 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ...................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Subjek Penelitian .................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Ukuran Sampel ....................................................................................... 21 3.2 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 22 3.3 Uji Pendahuluan ............................................................................................. 22 3.4 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................... 22 3.4.2 Data yang Diukur ................................................................................... 23 3.5 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................... 23 3.5.1 Variabel Perlakuan dan Variabel Respon .............................................. 23 3.5.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ............................................... 23 3.6 Prosedur Kerja ................................................................................................ 23 3.6.1 Persiapan Sebelum Tes .......................................................................... 23 3.6.2 Pada Hari Tes ......................................................................................... 24 3.6.3 Persiapan Bahan Uji ............................................................................... 24 3.6.4 Prosedur Pengukuran Darah ................................................................... 24 3.6.5 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................. 25 3.7 Analisis Data .................................................................................................. 25 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan Penelitian ................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Anggur Merah Berbiji ............................................................................ 26 4.1.2 Anggur Merah Tidak Berbiji .................................................................. 27 4.1.3 Anggur Merah Berbiji dan Anggur Merah Tidak Berbiji ...................... 28 4.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ........................................................................................ 29 4.3 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................... 30 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................... 34 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 35 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 37 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS .......................................................................... 42
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DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1 Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan ................................................................... 10 Tabel 2.2 Kandungan Nutrisi Dalam Anggur ...................................................... 11 Tabel 2.3 Tekanan Darah Menurut JNC VII ........................................................ 16 Tabel 4.1 Tekanan Darah Rerata Sistolik dan Diastolik Sesudah dan Sebelum Minum Jus Anggur Merah Berbiji ....................................................... 26 Tabel 4.2 Tekanan Darah Rerata Sistolik dan Diastolik Sesudah dan Sebelum Minum Jus Anggur Merah Tidak Berbiji ........................................... 27 Tabel 4.3 Selisih Tekanan Darah Rerata Sistolik dan Diastolik Sebelum dan Sesudah Minum Jus Anggur Merah Berbiji dan Tidak Berbiji ........... 28
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1.1 Kerangka Pemikiran Pengaruh Anggur Terhadap Tekanan Darah ................................................................................. 4 Gambar 2.1 Buah Anggur Merah ......................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.2 Tanaman Anggur ............................................................................. 7
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Lampiran 1 Komisi Etik Penelitian ...................................................................... 37 Lampiran 2 Analisis Statistik ............................................................................... 38 Lampiran 3 Gambar-gambar ................................................................................ 41
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