ABSTRAK EFEK SEMANGKA MERAH DAN KUNING (Citrullus lanatus) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH Yehezkiel P Matasak, 2013 Pembimbing: dr. Rita Tjokropranoto, M. Sc. Latar belakang Hipertensi adalah faktor resiko mayor penyakit jantung dan stroke yang merupakan pembunuh nomor satu dan tiga, oleh karena itu penting bagi kita untuk mengonsumsi makanan yang mampu mencegah penyakit hipertensi. Semangka adalah salahsatu buah yang mudah didapat dan berefek terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Tujuan Penelitian Ingin mengetahui apakah semangka merah dan semangka kuning menurunkan tekanan darah dan semangka kuning menurunkan tekanan darah lebih rendah daripada semangka merah. Metode penelitian Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental kuasi, melibatkan 35 perempuan dewasa usia 19 – 25 tahun, dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik dalam satuan mmHg setelah dan sebelum mengonsumsi 250 mg semangka merah dan semangka kuning yang diblender. Analisis hasil menggunakan uji t berpasangan dengan α=0,05. Hasil yaitu rerata tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik setelah mengonsumsi semangka merah adalah 100.23 mmHg (SD=9.271) dan 71.66 mmHg (SD = 7.692), lebih rendah daripada sebelum mengonsumsi, yakni sebesar 110.31 mmHg (SD =10.35) (p<0.01) dan 71.66 mmHg (SD = 7.692) (p<0,01). Hasil setelah mengonsumsi semangka kuning adalah sebesar 98.34 mmHg (SD=7.058) dan 69.40mmHg (SD = 6.861), lebih rendah daripada sebelum mengonsumsi, yakni sebesar 112.31mmHg (SD =11.557) (p<0.01) dan 77.80 mmHg (SD=8.495) (p<0.01). Selisih reratasetelah dan sebelum meminum semangka kuning adalah sebesar 13.97 mmHg (SD=10.598) dan 8.40 mmHg (SD=5.123), lebih tinggi daripada semangka merah sebesar 10.09 mmHg (SD=6.546) (p>0,05) dan 6.00 mmHg (SD=5.450), namun karena jumlah data sampel yang kurang sehingga didapatkan hasil yg tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Simpulan Semangka merah dan semangka kuning menurunkan tekanan darah.Semangka kuning menurunkan tekanan darah tidak lebih rendah daripada semangka merah. Kata kunci : Semangka, Tekanan Darah
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF RED AND YELLOW WATERMELON (Citrullus lanatus) ON LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE Yehezkiel P Matasak, 2013 Pembimbing: dr. Rita Tjokropranoto, M. Sc. Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart diesease and stroke that are number one and three killer disease, so it is important for us to eliminate those risk factor by consume a healthy food such as watermelon. Watermelon is a common food that can lowering blood pressure, so if it’s consume regulary watermelon it can helps us prevent heart disease and stroke. Objective To find out if red watermelon and yellow watermelon decreases blood pressure and to find out if yellow watermelon decreases blood pressure lower than redwatermelon Research Method This research is going to use quasi-experimental design. The research was conducted in 35 adult female aged between 19-25 years. Blood pressure measurement were taken systolic and diastolic in mmHg after and before consuming 250mg of red watermelon and yellow watermelon. Statistic analysis used paired t-test (α=0,05). Result The mean result of systolic and diastolic blood pressure afterconsumption red watermelon is100.23 mmHg (SD=9.271 and 71.66 mmHg (SD = 7.692), lower than before consumption, which is110.31 mmHg (SD =10.35) (p<0.01) and 77.66mmHg (SD=8.51) (p<0.01). The mean result after consumption yellow watermelon is98.34 mmHg (SD=7.058) and 69.40mmHg (SD = 6.861), lower than before consumption, which is112.31mmHg (SD =11.557) (p<0.01) and 77.80mmHg (SD=8.495) (p<0.01).The mean deviation result of systolic and diastolic bloodpressure after and before consumption yellow watermelon is13.97 mmHg (SD=10.598) and 8.40 mmHg (SD=5.123), higher than red watermelon, which is10.09 mmHg (SD=6.546) (p>0,05) and 6.00 mmHg (SD=5.450, but the sample data is not enoughso the result is not signiicant (p>0,05). Conclusion Red watermelon decrease blood pressure.Yellow watermelon decrease blood pressure. Yellow watermelon decrease blood pressure lower than red watermelon Keyword: Watermelon, Blood pressure
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL.......................................................................................................... ............i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ....................................................................................ii SURAT PERNYATAAN .........................................................................................iii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................v KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................................vi DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................xi DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................xiv DAFTAR SKEMA ...................................................................................................xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .....................................................................................2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian..........................................................................................2 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................2 1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ....................................................................................2 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis..........................................................................................2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran .....................................................................................3 1.6 Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Semangka .....................................................................................................5 2.1.1 Taksonomi & Morfologi Semangka ..........................................................5 2.1.2Sejarah Semangka ......................................................................................6 2.1.3Kandungan Semangka ................................................................................8 2.1.4Kegunaandan Khasiat Semangka ...............................................................9
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2.2 Tekanan Darah .............................................................................................9 2.2.1 Definisi Tekanan Darah.............................................................................9 2.2.2 Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah ...............................10 2.2.2.1 Faktor Utama ..........................................................................................10 2.2.2.1.1 Faal Jantung.........................................................................................10 2.2.2.1.2 Tahanan Perifer Total ..........................................................................10 2.2.2.1.3 Pengaturan Melalui Hormon ..............................................................11 2.2.2.2 Faktor Tambahan....................................................................................12 2.2.3 Cara Pengukuran Tekanan Darah ..............................................................14 2.2.3.1 Metode Langsung ...................................................................................14 2.2.3.2 Metode Tidak Langsung .........................................................................15 2.2.4Kelainan Tekanan Darah ............................................................................17 2.2.4.1 Hipotensi ................................................................................................17 2.2.4.2 Hipertensi ...............................................................................................17 2.2.4.2.1 Epidemiologi .......................................................................................17 2.2.4.2.2 Klasifikasi Hipertensi .........................................................................18
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................19 3.1.1 Subjek Penelitian .......................................................................................19 3.1.2Besar Sampel Penelitian .............................................................................19 3.2 Metode Penelitian .........................................................................................20 3.2.1 Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................20 3.2.2 Variabel Penelitian.....................................................................................20 3.2.2.1Variabel Perlakuan...................................................................................20 3.2.2.2 Variabel Respon......................................................................................20 ix
3.2.2.3 Definisi Variabel Operasional ................................................................20 3.2.3 Data yang Diukur .......................................................................................20 3.2.4Analisis Statistik .........................................................................................20 3.2.5 Uji Pendahuluan.........................................................................................21 3.2.6 Prosedur Kerja ...........................................................................................21 3.2.6.1Persiapan Sebelum Tes ............................................................................21 3.2.6.2Persiapan Bahan Uji.................................................................................21 3.2.6.3Cara Pemeriksaan ....................................................................................22 3.2.6.3.1 Prosedur Pengukuran Tekanan Darah..................................................22 3.2.6.4 Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................22 3.2.7 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................23
BAB IV HASIL, PEMBAHASAN DAN PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN 4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan Penelitian .................................................................24 4.1.1 Semangka Merah .......................................................................................24 4.1.2 Semangka Kuning .....................................................................................25 4.1.3 Semangka Kuning dan Semangka Merah .................................................26 4.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................................27 4.3Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................27
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan.......................................................................................................32 5.2 Saran .............................................................................................................32
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................33 LAMPIRAN..............................................................................................................35 RIWAYAT HIDUP ..................................................................................................39
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1Kandungan yang terdapat dalam 100mg semangka ...................................8 Tabel 2.2Kandungan Citrulin Dalam Semangka .......................................................14 Tabel 2.3 Definisi Bunyi Korotkoff ...........................................................................16 Tabel 2.4 Klasifikasi Hipertensi ................................................................................18 Tabel 3.1 Uji Pendahuluan Semangka Merah............................................................21 Tabel 3.2 Uji Pendahuluan Semangka Kuning ..........................................................21 Tabel 4.1 TekananDarahRerataSistolikdanDiastolikSetelahdanSebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Merah ..........................................................................24 Tabel 4.2TekananDarahRerataSistolikdanDiastolikSetelahdanSebelum MengonsumsiSemangka Kuning .........................................................................25 Tabel 4.3 TekananDarahRerataSistolikdanDiastolikSetelahdanSebelum MengonsumsiSemangka Kuning dan Semangka Merah .....................................26
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Semangka Merah dan Kuning ................................................................5 Gambar 2.2 Sphygmomanometer ...............................................................................12
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran I Informed Consent ....................................................................................35 Lampiran II Hasil Uji t Berpasangan untuk Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka ...........................................................................................36 Tabel L 2.1 Paired Sample Statistic Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Merah ..........................................................................36 Tabel L 2.2 Paired Sample Corellation Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Merah ..............................................................36 Tabel L 2.3 Paired Sample Test Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Merah ..............................................................36 Tabel L 2.4 Paired Sample Statistic Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum MengonsumsiSemangka Kuning .........................................................................37 Tabel L 2.5 Paired Sample Corellation Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Kuning ............................................................37 Tabel L 2.6 Paired Sample Test Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Kuning ............................................................37 Tabel L 2.7 Paired Sample Statistic Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum MengonsumsiSemangka Kuning dan Semangka Merah .....................................37 Tabel L 2.8 Paired Sample Corellation Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Kuning dan Semangka Merah ........................38 Tabel L 2.9 Paired Sample Test Tekanan Darah Setelah dan Sebelum Mengonsumsi Semangka Kuning dan Semangka Merah ........................38
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DAFTAR SKEMA Skema 1.1...................................................................................................................3
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