ABSTRAK Penjualan makanan dengan mesin saat ini menjadi favorit, karena sangat mudah dan berbiaya rendah bagi penjual. Memakai mesin untuk menyajikan makanan dapat mempercepat makanan agar cepat tersaji. Beberapa orang tidak mau menunggu lama untuk makanan dan ingin makanan yang menyehatkan. Beberapa orang juga seringkali tidak punya waktu untuk meyiapkan sarapan atau makanan dipagi hari. Bahkan beberapa orang melupakan untuk sarapan pagi dipagi hari. Sarapan dipagi hari sangat penting karena memberikan konsentasi lebih untuk orang-orang dapat melewati hari dan pekerjaannya. Ide dari tugas akhir ini adalah membuat mesin untuk membantu orang-orang dalam menyiapkan sarapan untuk orang-orang dalam kesibukan mereka. Mesin ini menggunakkan Arduino UNO R3 sebagai mikrokontrolernya. Mesin ini menggunakan sensor ultrasonik sebagai sensor yang mendeteksi mangkok. Mesin ini juga menggunakan sensor LM35 sebagai sensor suhu dan menggunakan motor servo untuk membuka katup kotak wadah dari bubur instan, kacang, pangsit goreng, membuka keran air dan untuk mengaduk bubur dan air.
Kata kunci: makanan, mikrokontroler, motor, sensor, sarapan.
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ABSTRACT Selling food with machines are favourite now a day, because its very simple and low cost for the food sellers. Using machine for serve the food can fasten the food to ready to serve. Sometime the customers didn’t want to wait too long forthe food and they want a healthy food. Some people haven’t time to serve his or her meal or breakfast in the morning. Some peolple forget to have a breakfast in the morning. Breakfast in the morning is very important, because its give more concentration for people through the day and the works. The idea of this last assignment is making machine to help people to serve in their busy life. This machine uses Arduino Uno R3 for the microcontroller. It uses ultrasonic censor to detect the bowl. It has LM35 as temperature censor and uses motor servo for open the valve of the instant porridges, peanuts, fried wontons box, open the faucet and for stiring the porridge and water. Keywords: Food , microcontroller, motor, censors, Breakfast.
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DAFTAR ISI Abstrak ..................................................................................................................... i Abstract ................................................................................................................... ii Kata Pengantar ....................................................................................................... iii Daftar Isi................................................................................................................. iv Daftar Gambar ........................................................................................................ vi Daftar Tabel .......................................................................................................... vii Bab I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................................1 1.3 Tujuan .........................................................................................................1 1.4 Pembatasan Masalah ...................................................................................1 1.5 Spesifikasi Alat ...........................................................................................2 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................2 Bab II LANDASAN TEORI..................................................................................3 2.1 Mikrokontroler ............................................................................................3 2.2 Arduino UNO............................................................................................10 2.3 Resistor .....................................................................................................13 2.4 Perangkat Lunak .......................................................................................16 2.5 Relay .........................................................................................................21 2.6 LM35 .........................................................................................................24 2.7 Sensor Ultrasonic......................................................................................25 2.8 Motor Servo ..............................................................................................27 2.9 Dioda.........................................................................................................30 2.10 Transistor .................................................................................................34 Bab III PERANCANGAN ...................................................................................40 3.1 Diagram Blok dan Cara Kerja...................................................................40 3.2 Perancangan Perangkat Keras ...................................................................41 3.2.1 Perancangan Sistem Minimum Arduino UNO R3 .........................41
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3.2.2
Pemasangan Komponen LM35 ....................................................43
3.2.3
Pemasangan Komponen Sensor Ultrasonic .................................44
3.3 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak ..................................................................45 3.4 Pemasangan Komponen Motor Servo ......................................................46 3.5 Pemasangan Relay Untuk Water Heater ..................................................47 Bab IV PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISIS .......................................................49 4.1 Metode Pengujian .....................................................................................49 4.2 Pengujian Terhadap Sistem Secara Keseluruhan .....................................53
Bab V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................56 5.1 Kesimpulan ...............................................................................................56 5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................56 Daftar Pustaka ........................................................................................................57 LAMPIRAN A ................................................................................................... A-1 LAMPIRAN B ....................................................................................................B-1 LAMPIRAN C ....................................................................................................C-1
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Architecture ATmega328 .....................................................................5 Gambar 2.2 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega328 ...............................................................5 Gambar 2.3 Arduino UNO .....................................................................................10 Gambar 2.4 Splash Screen dari Arduino 1.0.5-r2 ..................................................16 Gambar 2.5 Halaman Awal Arduino 1.0.5-r2 ........................................................17 Gambar 2.6 Contoh format (if...else) .....................................................................20 Gambar 2.7 Contoh format (for) ............................................................................20 Gambar 2.8 Relay...................................................................................................23 Gambar 2.9 Prinsip Kerja Relay ...........................................................................23 Gambar 2.10 Ultrasonic HC-SR04 ........................................................................25 Gambar 2.11 Contoh Motor Servo .........................................................................28 Gambar 2.12 Komponen-Komponen pada Motor Servo .......................................28 Gambar 2.13 Pulsa Kendali Motor Servo ..............................................................30 Gambar 2.14 Stuktur Dioda ...................................................................................31 Gambar 2.15 Dioda dan Simbolnya .......................................................................33 Gambar 2.16 Simbol Transistor.............................................................................34 Gambar 2.17 Bentuk Fisik Transistor....................................................................35 Gambar 2.18 Simbol Sirkit untuk Transistor.........................................................36 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Pembuat Bubur Otomatis .......................................................40
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Skematik Perancangan Sistem Minimum Arduino UNO R3 dengan Komponen Input dan Output. ....................................................................43 Gambar 3.3 Gambar Pemasangan Komponen LM35 .............................................44 Gambar 3.4 Gambar Pemasangan Komponen Sensor Ultrasonic .........................45 Gambar 3.5 Gambar Pemasangan Komponen Motor Servo ..................................47 Gambar 3.6 Skematik Relay ..................................................................................48 Gambar 3.7 Diagram Alir Secara Keseluruhan......................................................48 Gambar 4.1 Keseluruhan Pembuat Bubur Otomatis .............................................55
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Konfigurasi Port B ...................................................................................6 Tabel 2.2 Konfigurasi Port C ...................................................................................7 Tabel 2.3 Konfigurasi Port D...................................................................................8 Tabel 2.4 Kode Warna Resistor .............................................................................14 Tabel 3.1 Konfigurasi Pemasangan Komponen Input dan Output Dengan Port pada Sistem Minimum Arduino UNO R3.........................................................................42
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Pendeteksian Sensor LM35 Terhadap Suhu ................49 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Sensor Ultrasonic Terhadap Jarak ...............................50 Tabel 4.3 Pengujian Motor Servo Terhadap Keran Air .........................................50 Tabel 4.4 Pengujian Motor Servo Terhadap Katup Wadah Bubur ........................51 Tabel 4.5 Pengujian Fungsi Motor Servo Sebagai Pengaduk ................................51 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengujian Motor ServoTerhadap Katup Wadah Pangsit ..............52 Tabel 4.7 Hasil Pengujian Fungsi Motor Servo Terhadap Katup Wadah Kacang.52 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian Sistem Water Heater pada Pembuat Bubur Otomatis ..53 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Pengujian Motor Servo dan Bahan Bubur yang Masuk ke Dalam Mangkok ................................................................................................................54
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