ABSTRAK HUBUNGAN KEBUGARAN YANG DIUKUR DENGAN TREADMILL METODE BRUCE DAN TES BANGKU METODE TINGGI TETAP 25 CM
Silvia Adriani Ciptawijaya, 2008. Pembimbing: Dr. Iwan Budiman, dr., MS., MM., MKes., AIF Latar belakang: Agar manusia dapat menjalankan aktivitas hidupnya yang padat, maka diperlukan kebugaran tubuh yang baik. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperoleh kebugaran tubuh yang baik adalah dengan cara berolahraga secara teratur. Khususnya untuk mahasiswa, kebugaran dapat menunjang prestasi. Dengan tubuh yang bugar, prestasi akademik dapat maksimal. Kebugaran dapat diukur dengan tes treadmill metode Bruce dan tes bangku metode tinggi tetap 25 cm. Tujuan: Ingin mengetahui gambaran tingkat kebugaran mahasiswa UKM yang diukur dengan tes treadmill metode Bruce dan tes bangku metode tinggi tetap 25 cm, serta hubungan antara kedua tes tersebut. Metode penelitian: Subjek penelitian adalah 40 orang mahasiswa UKM berumur antara 18-25 tahun, yang diukur kebugarannya dengan tes treadmill metode Bruce dan tes bangku metode tinggi tetap 25 cm. Hasil: Tingkat kebugaran 40 orang mahasiswa UKM yang diukur dengan tes treadmill metode Bruce adalah 33 orang (82,5%) berkriteria Baik dan 7 orang (17,5%) berkriteria Sedang. Rata-rata Baik. Pada tes bangku metode tinggi tetap 25 cm, 20 orang (50%) berkriteria Baik dan 20 orang (50%) berkriteria Sedang. Rata-rata Baik. Hubungan kedua tes berupa persamaan garis regresi korelasi linier sederhana dengan persamaan y = 18,594 + 0,731x** (p < 0,01), dengan koefisien korelasi r = 0,647** (p < 0,01) yang berarti hubungan antara kedua tes adalah Sedang. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebugaran jasmani 40 orang mahasiswa UKM yang diukur dengan tes treadmill metode Bruce memiliki rata-rata Baik dan yang diukur dengan tes bangku metode tinggi tetap 25 cm juga memiliki rata-rata Baik. Hubungan kedua tes tersebut berbentuk garis regresi korelasi linier sederhana dengan kekuatan hubungan adalah Sedang. Kata kunci: kebugaran, treadmill metode Bruce, tes bangku metode tinggi tetap
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ABSTRACT PHYSICAL FITNESS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRUCE TREADMILL TEST AND STEP TEST WITH FIXED STEP HEIGHT 25 CM METHOD
Silvia Adriani Ciptawijaya, 2008. Tutor: Dr. Iwan Budiman, dr., MS., MM., MKes., AIF Backgrounds: In order to do a lot of life activities, people need a good physical fitness. One effort which can do to get a good physical fitness is making regular physical exercise. Especially for students, physical fitness can support academic performance. If the students have a good physical fitness, they will get maximal academic performance. Fitness level can be measured by Bruce treadmill test and step test with fixed step height 25 cm method. Objectives: To know UKM students fitness level measured by Bruce treadmill test and step test with fixed step height 25 cm method, and relationship between both methods. Research methods: 40 UKM students as the research subject, 18-25 years old. Their fitness level measured by Bruce treadmill test and step test with fixed step height 25 cm method. Results: 40 UKM students fitness level based on Bruce treadmill test, 33 students (82,5%) Good and 7 students (17,5%) Medium. The average is Good. Based on step test with fixed step height 25 cm method, 20 students (50%) Good and 20 students (50%) Medium. The average is Good. The relationship between both tests was represented by simple regression linier correlation equation y = 18,594 + 0,731x** (p < 0,01), with correlation coefficient r = 0,647** (p < 0,01), which mean that correlation between both tests is Moderate. Conclusions: The physical fitness level of 40 UKM students measured by Bruce treadmill test has Good average and which measured by step test with fixed step height 25 cm method also has Good average. The relationship between both tests was represented by simple regression linier correlation equation with level of linked is Moderate. Key words: fitness, Bruce treadmill, step test with fixed step height
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL ................................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ……………………………………………………………...x DAFTAR GAMBAR ………………………………………..………………… xi DAFTAR DIAGRAM ………………………………………………………… xii DAFTAR GRAFIK …………………………………......……………………...xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ………………………………………………………...xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................ 2 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan .........................................................................2 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis Penelitian ................................3 1.6 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................... 3 1.7 Lokasi dan Waktu ........................................................................... 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Pengertian Kebugaran ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Manfaat Kebugaran dengan Berolahraga ........................................6 2.3 Hal yang Perlu Diperhatikan pada Saat Berolahraga ......................8 2.4 Komponen-Komponen Kebugaran ................................................. 9 2.4.1 Jantung .................................................................................. 9 2.4.1.1 Cardiac Output ......................................................... 10 2.4.1.2 Heart Rate ................................................................. 12 2.4.1.2.1 Jenis-Jenis Heart Rate ................................12 2.4.1.2.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Heart Rate .... 13 2.4.1.3 Stroke Volume ........................................................... 14 2.4.1.4 Kapasitas Aerobik ..................................................... 16 2.4.2 Paru-Paru ...............................................................................17 2.4.2.1 Perfusi Paru-Paru ...................................................... 17 2.4.2.2 Ventilasi .................................................................... 17 2.4.2.3 Kapasitas Difusi Paru-Paru ....................................... 19 2.4.2.4 Fungsi Paru-Paru yang Mungkin Menjadi Faktor Pembatas dalam Ketahanan Circulorespiratory ....... 20 2.4.3 Otot ....................................................................................... 20 2.4.4 Kelenturan/Fleksibilitas Tubuh .............................................23 2.5 Metode Tes Kebugaran Jasmani ..................................................... 23 2.5.1 Metode Treadmill ...................................................................24
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2.5.2 Tes Ergometer Sepeda ........................................................... 25 2.5.3 Tes Bangku (Step-Up Test) .................................................... 26 BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Subjek Penelitian .......................................................................... 28 3.2 Alat-Alat yang Digunakan ............................................................ 28 3.3 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Desain Penelitian ................................................................ 28 3.3.2 Variabel Penelitian .............................................................. 29 3.3.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ............................29 3.3.4 Penentuan Ukuran Sampel n Berdasarkan Koefisien Korelasi r .............................................................................29 3.4 Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................... 30 3.4.1 Prosedur Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce ................................ 30 3.4.2 Prosedur Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm ............. 30 3.5 Analisis Data ................................................................................. 31 3.6 Kriteria Kebugaran ........................................................................32 BAB IV HASIL, PEMBAHASAN, DAN PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN 4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan .................................................................. 33 4.1.1 Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce .............................................. 33 4.1.2 Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm ........................... 35 4.1.3 Hubungan Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce dan Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm .................................. 37 4.2 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................... 41 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 43 5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 43 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 44 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................45 RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................ 50
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Hasil Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce ............................................................. 33 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm .......................................... 35 Tabel 4.3 Hasil Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce dan Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm pada Individu yang Sama ....................................................... 39
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Spirogram ………………………………………………..……………… 19 Gambar 2.2 Otot Skelet ……………………………………………………………….23
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM Diagram 4.1 Hasil Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce ......................................................... 34 Diagram 4.2 Hasil Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm ...................................... 36 Diagram 4.3 Hasil Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce dan Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm .............................................................................................37
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 4.1 Hubungan Tes Treadmill Metode Bruce dengan Tes Bangku Metode Tinggi Tetap 25 cm ..................................................................................... 41
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Surat Persetujuan ………………………………………………………... 45 Lampiran 2 Bruce-Fixed Height 25 cm ……………………………………………… 46 Lampiran 3 Formulir Bruce Treadmill Test …………………………………………..47 Lampiran 4 Formulir Step Test with Fixed Step Height 25 cm ……………………… 48 Lampiran 5 Dokumentasi ……………………………………………………………..49
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