ABSTRAK EFEKTIFITAS TISU BASAH ANTISEPTIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF CUCI TANGAN BIASA DALAM MENURUNKAN JUMLAH BAKTERI TELAPAK TANGAN Intan Yuliyana, 2011; Pembimbing 1 : Widura, dr., M.S. Pembimbing 2 : Wenny Waty, dr., M.Pd.Kes. Kebersihan tangan sangat berpengaruh dalam penyebaran penyakit infeksi melalui jalur fecal – oral. Tisu basah merupakan alternatif yang biasa dipakai untuk menggantikan cuci tangan menggunakan sabun dan air dalam menjaga kesehatan. Untuk mengetahui apakah tisu basah dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pencuci tangan sehari hari, dilakukan pemeriksaan bakteriologi pada 33 subjek menurut metode “Finger Print” dibandingkan antara mencuci tangan biasa dengan menggunakan tisu basah. Hasil pengurangan jumlah koloni di uji secara statistik menggunakan “t – test berpasangan”. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tisu basah menghasilkan rata – rata pengurangan kuman 83.97 %, yang secara statistik mempunyai makna signifikan dibandingkan hasil mencuci tangan biasa yang hanya 82.98 %. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tisu basah dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti cuci tangan biasa. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada tangan mahasiswi, maka diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan memeriksa subjek penelitian (SP) dari berbagai profesi untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih objektif. Kata kunci: tisu basah, cuci tangan.
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECTIVITY OF ANTISEPTIC WET TISSUE AS AN ALTERNATIVE OF ORDINARY HAND WASHING IN REDUCING THE COLONY OF PALM BACTERIA Intan Yuliyana, 2011; 1st Supervisor : Widura, dr., M.S. 2nd Supervisor: Wenny Waty, dr., M.Pd.Kes Hand hygiene is essential in spreading of infectious disease by fecal-oral route. Wet wipes are alternatively used to replaced the ordinary hand washing method using soap and water. To determine whether wet wipes can be used as an alternative of ordinary hand washing, 33 subjects were examined bacteriologically by using “finger print” method, the colony counts were compared between ordinary hand washing and wet wipes by “paired T test”. The results showed, wet wipes reduced colony counts by 83, 97 % which is statistically significantly more than ordinary hand washing, which reduced colony counts by 82, 98%. In conclusions, wet wipes can be used as alternative of ordinary hand washing. Nevertheless, in this study, only female students were examined, for more objective results, further studies are needed to examine different populations. Keywords: wet wipes, hand washing.
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DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL ......................................................................................................................... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ...................................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN MAHASISWA ................................................................iii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v PRAKATA ................................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................... xi DAFTER GAMBAR ................................................................................................ xii DAFTAR BAGAN ...................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................................................ 3 1.3. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian........................................................................ 3 1.3.1. Maksud Penelitian ................................................................................ 3 1.3.2. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 3 1.4. Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah ............................................................................ 3 1.5. Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis ................................................................. 4 1.5.1. Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................. 4 1.5.2. Hipotesis Penelitian.............................................................................. 5 1.6. Metodologi Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5 1.7. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .......................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. Struktur dan Fungsi Kulit ................................................................................ 6 2.2. Populasi Kuman Pada Kulit ............................................................................ 8 2.3. Sejarah Cuci Tangan ..................................................................................... 10
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2.4. Pentingnya Mencuci Tangan ......................................................................... 10 2.5. Cara Mencuci Tangan ................................................................................... 10 2.6. Metode Pengontrol Pertumbuhan Mikroorganisme ...................................... 13 2.7. Tisu Basah ..................................................................................................... 16 2.8. Phenoxyethanol ............................................................................................. 16 2.9. Metode Pemeriksaan Populasi Kuman Pada Kulit Tangan........................... 18
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1. Subjek dan Bahan ........................................................................................... 19 3.1.1. Subjek Penelitian .................................................................................. 19 3.1.2. Bahan .................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2.1. Bahan uji................................................................................... 19 3.1.2.2. Bahan Penelitian ....................................................................... 19 3.1.3. Alat ....................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3.1. Alat Uji ..................................................................................... 20 3.1.3.2. Alat Penelitian .......................................................................... 20 3.2. Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................................................... 21 3.3. Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 22 3.3.1. Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 22 3.3.2. Besar Sampel Penelitian ....................................................................... 22 3.3.3. Variabel penelitian ............................................................................... 22 3.3.4. Definisi Oprasional............................................................................... 23 3.3.4.1. Persiapan Bahan Uji ................................................................ 23 3.3.4.2. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................. 23 3.3.5. Metode Analisis Data ........................................................................... 24 3.3.5.1. Hipotesis Statistik .................................................................... 24 3.3.5.2. Kriteria Uji .............................................................................. 25 3.3.6. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .............................................................. 25 3.3.7. Aspek Etik Penelitian ........................................................................... 25
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BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1. Uji Pendahuluan ....................................................................................... 26 4.1.1. Kontrol Negatif.............................................................................. 26 4.1.1.1. Hasil.................................................................................. 26 4.1.1.2. Pembahasan ..................................................................... 26 4.2. Penelitian .................................................................................................. 27 4.2.1 Hasil................................................................................................. 27 4.2.2. Pengujian Hipotesis Dengan Uji Statistik ...................................... 29
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 31 5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 31
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 32 RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................. 36 LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 37
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Pengontrolan mikroorganisme dengan metode pemanasan ............... 14 Tabel 2.2 Macam – macam agen kimia yang digunakan sebagai disinfektan dan antiseptik .......................................................................................... 15 Tabel 4.1 Hasil mencuci tangan biasa (B) berupa jumlah koloni jari II, III, IV tangan kanan pada agar nutrien ....................................................... 27 Tabel 4.2 Hasil mengusap tangan dengan tisu basah (T) berupa jumlah koloni jari II, III, IV tangan kanan pada agar nutrien ........................ 28 Tabel 4.3 Deskripsi statistik jumlah koloni dari kedua kelompok perlakuan ... 29 Tabel 4.4 Perbandingan rata – rata jumlah koloni antara penggunaan sabun dan tisu ..................................................................................................... 30
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Lapisan kulit tebal : epidermis, dermis, hypodermis dari telapak tangan. Pewarnaan Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) dan perbesaran 17 X ............................................................................. 7 Gambar 2.2 Langkah – langkah dalam mencuci tangan ..................................... 11 Gambar 2.3 Struktur kimia phenoxyethanol ......................................................... 16
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 3.1 Prosedur penelitian ................................................................................ 21
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Statistik ............................................................................................... 37 Lampiran 2. Komisi etik .......................................................................................... 40 Lampiran 3. Surat pernyataan persetujuan untuk ikut serta dalam penelitian (informed consent) .............................................................................. 42
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