4.
Disarankan dilakukan pemurnian terlebih dahulu terhadap biodiesel sebelum dilakukan analisa viskositas, densitas dan kandungan metil ester.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA [1] Xu Y, Du, W. & Liu, D. “Study on the kinetics of enzymatic interesterification of triglycerides for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as the acyl acceptor”. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Vol. 32, No. 5-6, 2005 : Hal 241-245. [2] Hermansyah, Heri., Marno, S., Arbianti, R., Utami, T.S.,& Wijanarko, A, “Interesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit dengan Metil Asetat untuk Sintesis Biodiesel menggunakan Candida Rugosa Lipase Terimobilisasi,” JTKI Aptekindo, 8(1) 2009 : hal. 24 – 32. [3] Ruzich NI and Bassi AS.“Proposed kinetic mechanism of biodieselproduction through lipase catalysed interesterification with amethyl acetate acyl acceptor and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] cosolvent”.Canadian J Chem Eng Vol. 89, 2011 : Hal. 3]166–170. [4] Ha SH, Lan MN and Koo Y-M.“Continuous production and in situseparation of fatty acid ester in ionic liquids”.Enzyme MicrobiolTechnol Vol. 47, 2007 : Hal.6-10. [5] Sunitha S, Kanjilal S, Reddy PS and Prasad RBN.“Ionic liquids as a reaction medium for lipase-catalyzed methanolysis of sunfloweroil”.Biotechnol LettVol. 29, 2007 : Hal. 1881–1885. [6] Yang Z, Zhang K-P, Huang Y and Wang Z. “Both hydrolytic and transesterification activities of Penicillium expansum lipase aresignificantly enhanced in ionic liquid [BMIm][PF6]”. J Mol Catal B:Enzyme Vol. 63, 2010 : Hal :23–30. [7] Zhao H, Baker GA and Holmes S.“New eutectic ionic liquids for lipaseactivation and enzymatic preparation of biodiesel”. Org BiomolChem Vol. 9, Hal. 1908–1916, 2012. [8] Marchetti, J. M., Miguel, V. U., Errazu, A. F. “Possible methods for biodiesel production”.Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 11,No. 6, Hal: 1300-1311, 2007. [9] Lozano P, Bernal JM, Piamtongkam R, Fetzer D and Vaultier M. “Onephaseionic liquid reaction medium for biocatalytic production ofbiodiesel”. ChemSusChem Vol. 3, Hal :1359–1363, 2010. [10] Maulana, Mirza Akbar, “Pemanfaatan Whole Cell Candida Rugosa sebagai Biokatalis untuk Sintesis Biodiesel Melalui Rute Non Alkohol”. Skripsi.Universitas Indonesia.Depok. 2012. 44 Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11] Muchtadi, “Karakterisasi Komponen Intrinsik Utama Buah Sawit (Elaisguineensis) dalam Rangka Optimalisasi Proses Ekstraksi Minyak dan Pemanfaatan Provitamin A”. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, 1992. [12] Kurniasih, Eka, “Produksi Biodiesel dari Crude Palm Oil melalui Reaksi Dua Tahap”. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, 2012. [13] Basiron, Y, “Baileys Industrial Oil and Fat Products”. Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Edisi ke-6, Vol. 2, 2005. [14] Ayustaningwarno, Fitriyono, “Proses Pengolahan dan Aplikasi Minyak Sawit Merah pada Industri Pangan”. Program Studi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro. Vol. 2, Hal: 1-11, 2012. [15] Suhara, Pengantar tentang Enzim, Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 2010. [16] Dupont, J., Suarez, P. A. Z., Meneghetti, M. R.,Meneghetti, S. M. P., “Catalytic production ofbiodiesel and diesel-like hydrocarbons fromtriglycerides”. Energy & Environmental Science, No. 2, Hal: 1258-1265, 2009. [17] Liang, X., Gong, G., Wu, H., Yang, J. “Highlyefficient procedure for the synthesis of biodieselfrom soybean oil using chloroaluminate ionic liquid as catalyst”. Fuel, Vol. 88, No. 4, Hal: 613-616, 2009. [18] Gamba, M., Lapis, A. A. M., Dupont, J. “Supportedionic liquid enzymatic catalysis for theproduction of biodiesel”. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Vol. 350, No. 1, Hal: 160-164,2008 [19] Al-Juhair, Sulaiman., Fan, Wei, Ling., Lim Song Jun, “Proposed Kinetic Mechanism of the Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil Using Lipase”. Process Biochemistry, Vol. 42, Hal: 951-960, 2007. [20] Kumar, Santhosh. “Enzymatic Transesterification of Waste Animal Fats for Production of Biodiesel”, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia July, Hal: 128130, 2013. [21] Andreani, L., Rocha, J.D, “Use of Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Production”. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 01, Hal: 1-13, 2012. [22] Tavares, Ana P.M. Oscar, Rodriguez and Eugenia A. Macedo. “New Generations of Ionic Liquids Applied to EnzymaticBiocatalysis”. INTECH Chapter 20, Hal: 538-556, 2013. [23] Nordwald, , Erik M., Joel L. Kaar. “Stabilization of Enzymes in Ionic Liquids Via Modification of Enzyme Charge”. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol 30. No 30, 2013.
45 Universitas Sumatera Utara
[24] Parthu, Republik Daudi, “Sintesis Biodiesel Rute Non Alkohol dari Minyak Goreng dengan Biokatalis Terimobilisasi Entrapment pada Reaktor Batch dan Reaktor Packed Bed”. Skripsi.Universitas Indonesia.Depok. 2012. [25] McCormick, Robert L., Teresa Alleman, Aaron Williams, Yoshio Coy, Andrew Hudgins, and Wendy Dafoe. “Status and Issues for Biodiesel in the United States”.National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2009. [26] News. “UA Researchers Create Biodiesel Fuel from Chicken Fat”. University of Arkansas.2005. [27] Ma, F. and Hanna, M. A.“Biodiesel production: areview”. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 70, No. 1, Hal: 1-15, 1999. [28] Du, W., Xu, Y., Liu D., & Zeng, J (2004). “Comparative Study on LipaseCatalyzed Transformation of Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production with Different Acyl Acceptors”.Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Vol. 30, No. 3-4, Hal: 125-129. [29] Diego Teresa et al. “A Recyclable Enzymatic Biodiesel Production Process in Ionic Liquids”. Journal Bioresource Technology. No 102. 2011 Hal 6336-6339. [30] Muhammad Nawshad et al. “An Overview of the Role of Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Reactions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. No 10. 2012. [31] Baidawi, A., Latif, I., Rachmania, O, “Transesterifikasi Dengan Co-Solvent Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Peningkatan Yield Metil Ester Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO),”Jurnal Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November. Surabaya.2009. [32] Charlie Van Doorslaer, A Joos Wahlen, Pascal Martens, Koen Binnemansb and Dirk De Vos, “Immobilization of Moleculer Catalysts in Supported Ionic Liquid Phases”. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Vol. 39, Hal: 8377-8390, 2010. [33] Wheler, Christy, “Ionic Liquids as Catalytic Green Solvents for Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions”. School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Hal: 887-888, 2001. [34] “Analisa Sederhana Program Biodiesel dari CPO”, Kompas, 1 Juli 2014. [35] Satriana dan Muhammad D. Supardan, Kinetic Study of Esterification of Free Acid in Low Grade Crude Palm Oil Using Sulfuric Acid, AJChe, 8(1), 2008: hal. 1-8. [36] Prateepchaikul, G., Allen, M.L., Leevijit, T. dan Thaveesinsopha, K., Methyl Ester Production from High Free Fatty Acid Mixed Crude Palm Oil, Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 29(6), 2007: hal 1551-1561.
46 Universitas Sumatera Utara
[37] Alkabbashi, A.N., Alam, Md. Z., Mirghani, M.E.S., Al-Fusaiel, A.M.A., Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil by Transesterification Process, Journal of Applied Science 9 (17), 2009: hal 3166-3170. [38] Minovska,Vilma., Eleonora Winkelhausen, Slobodanka Kuzmanova. “Lipase Immobilized by Different Techniques on Various Support Materials Applied in Oil Hydrolysis”.Journal Serb Chemical Soc (JSCS), Vol. 70 (4), 2005.Hal : 609-624. [39] Haryono, Muhammad Ali, Wahyuni, “Proses Pemucatan Minyak Sawit Mentah dengan Arang Aktif”, Berkala Ilmiah Teknik Kimia, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012. [40] Manurung, Renita., Ricky Afrianto, Melina Widyawati, “Synthesis Biodiesel from Palm Oil Through Interesterification Using Imobilized Lipase Enzym as Catalyst The Effect of Amount of Biocatalyst, Mole Ratio of Reactan, Temperature to Yield ”.International Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol. 7 (2), 2014. [41] Arita, Susila., Meta Berlian Dara, Jaya Irawan, “Pembuatan Metil Ester Asam Lemak dari CPO off Grade dengan Metode Esterifikasi-Transesterifikasi”, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Universitas Sriwijaya, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2008. [42] Meng Liu & Jailani Salihon, “Conversion of Palm Oil to Methyl and Ethyl Ester using Crude Enzymes”, Biotechnology and Biomaterials, Vol. 1, 2011. [43] Vasudevan, P. T. & M. Briggs, “Biodiesel production-current state of the art and and challenges”, Journal of Industry Microbiology and Biotechnology, No. 35, 2008 : Hal 421-430. [44] Fukuda, H., A. Kondo & H. Noda, “Biodiesel fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils”. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, No. 2001 : Hal 405-416. [45] Chen, J. W & W. T. Wu, “Regeneration of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for transesterification”. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering No. 95, 2003 : Hal 466-469. [46] Royon, D., M. Daz, G. Ellenrieder and S. Locatelli, “Enzymatic production of Biodiesel from cotton seed oil using t-butanol as a solvent”, Bioresource of Technology, No. 98, 2007 : Hal 648-653. [47] Ranganathan, S. V., S. L. Narasimhan and K. Muthukumar, “An overview of enzymatic production of biodiesel”, Bioresource of Technology, No. 99, 2008 : Hal 3975-3981. [48] Raharja, Sapta.,Prayoga Suryadarma, Melina Widyawati, “Hidrolisis Enzimatik Minyak Ikan untuk Produksi Asam Lemak Omega-3 Menggunakan Lipase dari Aspergillus Niger”.Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, Vol. 22 (1), 2011.
47 Universitas Sumatera Utara
[49] Yilmaz, E., & Sezgin, M., “Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glass Beads for Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Racemic Naproxen Methyl Ester”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, No, 2, Hal 499-506. 2011.
[50]Badan
Standarisasi
Nasional,
Standar
Nasional
Indonesia,
www.bsn.com, SNI : 7182:2012, 2012, diakses pada 28 Juli 2012. [51] Dube´ M.A., Tremblay A.Y., dan Cao P, “A Novel Membrane Reactor for the Continuous Production ofBiodiesel”, Departement of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada, 2006. [52] Cao P., Dube´ M.A., dan Tremblay A.Y, “Methanol recycling in the production of biodiesel in a membranereactor”, Fuel, 87, 2008, hal. 825–833. [53] Sari, Ariza Budi Tanjung. “Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel Minyak Jarak Pagar dengan Transesterifikasi Satu dan Dua Tahap”, Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Skripsi 2007. [54] Sukarno, “Aplikasi Adsorben dalam Proses Pemurnian Biodiesel Jarak Menggunakan Metode Kolom”. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Skripsi 2012.
48 Universitas Sumatera Utara
