RUMAH SEHAT
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Fungsi Rumah : 1.
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3. 4.
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Tempat melepaskan lelah (istirahat); Tempat bergaul dengan keluarga atau membina rasa kekeluargaan; Tempat untuk berlindung; Sebagai lambang status sosial; Tempat penyimpanan barang berharga dan dapat dianggap sebagai modal / investasi Dan sebagainya.
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Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keadaan rumah :
Faktor lingkungan fisik, biologis dan sosial Faktor tingkat sosial ekonomi masyarakat Faktor tingkat kemajuan teknologi Faktor kebijaksanaan pemerintah tentang tata-guna tanah, program pembangunan perumahan (RumahSederhana (RS), Rumah Susun (Rusun), Rumah Toko (Ruko), Rumah Kantor (Rukan), dsb.) Rumah yang layak untuk tempat tinggal harus memenuhi syarat kesehatan, sehingga penghuninya tidak sakit;
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Penetapan Rumah Sehat
American Public Health Association (APHA)
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Sistem penyediaan air harus baik; Tersedia fasilitas untuk mandi; Punya fasilitas pembuangan air bekas; Punya fasilitas pembuangan tinja; Penghuni tidak padat (1 orang/1,2 m2); Ventilasi dan Penerangan yang cukup; Kondisi bangunan rumah yg kuat : Fondasi yg kokoh, dinding kuat dan kayu tidak lapuk.
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Syarat Rumah Sehat
(menurut APHA) 1.
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Memenuhi syarat kebutuhan fisik dasar penghuninya : temperatur, penerangan, ventilasi dan kebisingan; Memenuhi syarat kebutuhan kejiwaan dasar penghuninya : health is begun at home; Memenuhi syarat melindungi penghuninya dari penularan penyakit : air bersih, pemb sampah, terhindar dari pencemaran lingk, tidak jadi sarang vektor, dll); Memenuhi syarat melindungi penghuni dari kemungkinan bahaya dan kecelakaan : kokoh, tangga tak curam, bahaya kebakaran, listrik, keracunan, kecelakaan lalu lintas, dll).
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Home Environment-Health Interaction Home Environment Health Risk Factors: Climate Building site Building materials & practices Furnishings, finishes & household products Resident lifestyle Of greatest concern for children, elderly & others with weakened immune systems 5/31/2013
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Building Site Constructing a healthy home begins with proper siting of a building: The micro-climate—site specific prevailing climate conditions Natural site—topographic factors that affect the micro-climate Human-caused factors
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Storm Water Run-Off Water that washes across land into nearby storm drains or directly into bodies of water Common concerns: Automotive waste Fertilizers & pesticides Yard & garden waste Improper landscaping Roof drainage 5/31/2013
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Building Materials & Practices Whether the house is old or newly constructed, the impact of a home on the health of its occupants has much to do with the materials and building practices used during the construction as well as the materials and furnishings added since the original construction Construction age is a major factor 5/31/2013
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Possible hazards of older homes: Asbestos-containing materials Lead-based paint Pressure-treated lumber Combustion gases such as carbon monoxide Lead in water Radon Molds--------------- Formaldehyde Underground fuel-oil storage tank Drinking water contaminants 5/31/2013
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Ventilation Good ventilation is necessary for moisture control as well as to remove airborne chemicals, particles, combustion by-products & odors Windows Kitchen ventilation fans Bathroom ventilation fans Whole-house fans Fan size Replacement air Back drafting Whole-house ventilation systems 5/31/2013
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Moisture Control
Excess moisture is a potential problem for both a building and the people who live in it Excess moisture in building materials leads to structural problems such as peeling paint & rusting metal Damp building materials tend to attract dirt & therefore require more cleaning & maintenance Damp spaces make good environments for the growth of many biological pollutants
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Preventing problems:
Good ventilation, especially using exhausts Limit interior moisture sources Keep materials clean Hard surface or nonabsorbent material Sealers Vapor retarder material Antimicrobial finishes or additives
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Indoor Air Quality
Source control Ventilation Air cleaning
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Water Systems Public/municipal water system or private water source Differences are in testing & treating the water
Water testing Wells Water treatment
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Furnishings, Finishes & Household Products Potentially harmful materials:
Formaldehyde & other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as particle board Petroleum-based products such as wood finishes Aerosol containers Pesticides
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Resident Lifestyle The choices that people make affect the quality of the air & environment in their homes Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke from cigarettes, pipes, or cigars, can have devastating effects on a home and its residents Do not allow smoking in your home 5/31/2013
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Household Pests Any bug that is living in the house rather than accidentally getting in from the outside, represents a potential health & safety problem that should be addressed Roaches can get into food and spoil it; roach feces cause pollution of the indoor air & can be a major trigger for asthma attacks, especially in children
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Dust mites live all over people’s homes—in carpets, upholstered furniture, bedding & stuffed animals Dust mites thrive in moist places & wherever they can feed on dead human skin cells Many people are allergic to the feces of dust mites & for some people they serve as a trigger for asthma attacks
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Pets that live indoors can result in potential health risks to household members Dander is the major problem
Keep pets out of carpeted areas & bedrooms
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7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It: 1.
Dry
2.
Clean Ventilated Pest-Free Safe Contaminant-Free Maintained
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4. 5. 6. 7. 21 5/31/2013
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Health Problems Associated with Mold and Moisture
Nose and throat irritation and congestion Coughing Wheezing Asthma symptoms Pneumonia (in people particularly sensitive to mold)
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There are three ways your house gets wet 1. Rain from the OUTSIDE leaks through the roof, walls, foundation or basement 2. Water leaks from showers, toilets or sinks on the INSIDE 3. Warm air comes into contact with a cold surface such as a window, and CONDENSATION (tiny drops of water) forms. (Think about what happens when you put water and lots of ice in a glass and sit outside on a warm day. What happens to the glass?)
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7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It: 1.
Dry
2.
Clean
3.
Ventilated Pest-Free Safe Contaminant-Free Maintained
4. 5. 6. 7. 24 5/31/2013
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Why do we want homes that are clean and easily cleanable?
Less contact with: — Dust mites, mold, mice/rat/cockroaches — Pesticides — Heavy metals such as lead Less places for pests like mice and cockroaches to hide
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Dust Mites Homes with high humidity can have a lot of dust mites. With a drier house, dust mites are limited to things like blankets, pillows and stuffed toys.
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7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It: 2.
Dry Clean
3.
Ventilated
4.
Pest-Free Safe Contaminant-Free Maintained
1.
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What does Ventilate Mean?
Ventilating means that fresh air is circulating in the house
It also means that the house has openings for pollution to escape from inside
If any portion of air leaves a house the same amount must enter
Air can be hot, cold, wet, dry, or polluted when it enters or exits a house 28
7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It:
3.
Dry Clean Ventilated
4.
Pest-Free
5.
Safe Contaminant-Free Maintained
1. 2.
6. 7. 29 5/31/2013
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Getting in from the outside
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Rat burrow
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Cockroaches
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Pest proof food storage
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7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It:
4.
Dry Clean Ventilated Pest-Free
5.
Safe
6.
Contaminant-Free Maintained
1. 2.
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Keep it Safe: There are many ways to be injured in the home
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Which age groups are most at risk? Infants are most likely to be injured or die from choking and suffocation.
Children up to 14 years old and seniors are most likely to be injured from falls.
Children from 1 – 14 years old are most likely to be injured by fires and burns.
Adults who are over 80 years old are most likely to die from any injuries in the home. 36
7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It: 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
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Dry Clean Ventilated Pest-Free Safe
6.
ContaminantFree
7.
Maintained
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7 Healthy Homes Principles Keep It:
6.
Dry Clean Ventilated Pest-Free Safe Contaminant-Free
7.
Maintained
1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
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Maintenance
Solid waste Water supply Sewer system Heating/cooling/dehumi dification/ humidification Cooking Ventilation Rainwater control/drainage Structural integrity Storage / Organization
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Inspect Clean Lubricate Replace Repair Organize
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