2008 MINIMALIZACE VZDUŠNÉHO SPADU V OBJEKTECH S AKUMULACÍ PITNÉ VODY

Studia OECOLOGICA II/2008

OBSAH LOŽISKA NEROSTNÝCH SUROVIN V PODKRUŠNOHO Í Miroslava BLAŽKOVÁ ...................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF NEOVOLCANIC CAVES IN THE ÚSTÍ NAD LABEM REGION (THE CZECH REPUBLIC) SUPPLEMENTED WITH RECORDS OF SPIDER META MENARDI (LATREILLE, 1804); PRELIMINARY DATA Richard POKORNÝ, Michal HOLEC, Kate ina POKORNÁ .......................................... 12 PROBLEMATIKA NEZAM!STNANOSTI V MODELOVÉM ÚZEMÍ Jan ZAVÍRAL................................................................................................................... 18 REVITALIZÁCIA A REMEDIÁCIA BANSKÝCH SKLÁDOK DREVINAMI Andrea MARUŠKOVÁ..................................................................................................... 23 EXPERIMENT MOŽNOSTI VYUŽITIA VÝLUHU VERMIKOMPOSTU NA DEKONTAMINÁCIU PÔDY ZNE"ISTENEJ IMPREGNA"NÝM OLEJOM Juraj LADOMERSKÝ, Emília HRONCOVÁ, Dagmar SAMEŠOVÁ, Helena HYBSKÁ. 28 VYBRANÉ LOKALITY TRAVINNÉ VEGETACE JAKO MOŽNÝ ZDROJ DIASPOR PRO ZVÝŠENÍ FLORISTICKÉ PESTROSTI SYNANTROPNÍCH PLOCH VÝCHODNÍHO PODKRUŠNOHO Í Roman KROUFEK .......................................................................................................... 34 VZNIK RADIOAKTIVNÍCH PLYN#, PAR A AEROSOL# V PALIVOVÉM CYKLU JADERNÝCH ELEKTRÁREN František KEPÁK ............................................................................................................ 39 APLIKACE ALGINÁTOVÝCH PREPARÁT# P I VÝSADB! LESNÍCH D EVIN NA REKULTIVOVANÝCH P#DÁCH PO T!ŽB! UHLÍ Ji í ŠEFL, Marek HANUŠ ............................................................................................... 46 INFORMOVANOST OBYVATEL JIHO"ESKÉHO KRAJE O BIOPOTRAVINÁCH Markéta KASTNEROVÁ, Jaroslava DUBNOVÁ ............................................................ 58 PODMÍN!NÉ ROZD!LENÍ NESYSTEMATICKÉ SLOŽKY MODEL# VOLATILITY FINAN"NÍCH "ASOVÝCH AD Jan POPELKA................................................................................................................. 64 VYUŽITÍ VEDLEJŠÍCH PRODUKT# Z POTRAVINÁ SKÉ VÝROBY P I SANACI STARÝCH EKOLOGICKÝCH ZÁT!ŽÍ Lenka WIMMEROVÁ, Jan N!ME"EK, Radim ŽEBRÁK............................................... 76 ALTERNATIVNÍ SORBENTY A BIOSORP"NÍ PROCESY PRO "IST!NÍ PODZEMNÍCH VOD: ZHODNOCENÍ PRAKTICKÉ VYUŽITELNOSTI Marek ŠVÁB, Martina ŠVÁBOVÁ, Lenka WIMMEROVÁ, Eliška TURKOVÁ ............... 88 ZLEPŠUJEME JAKOST PITNÉ VODY DÍKY SPOLUPRÁCI NA PROJEKTU NAZV Jana #ÍHOVÁ AMBROŽOVÁ, Jana HUBÁ"KOVÁ, Iva "IHÁKOVÁ ........................... 98 MINIMALIZACE VZDUŠNÉHO SPADU V OBJEKTECH S AKUMULACÍ PITNÉ VODY Jana #ÍHOVÁ AMBROŽOVÁ, Jana HUBÁ"KOVÁ, Iva "IHÁKOVÁ ......................... 105 AKTUALITY A ZAJÍMAVOSTI POUŽITÍ METOD GIS PRO ANALÝZU VÝVOJE KRAJINY – VYUŽITÍ ARCHIVNÍCH LETECKÝCH SNÍMK# Jitka ELZNICOVÁ (roz. PRCHALOVÁ) ....................................................................... 111 BIOGEOCHEMICKÉ CYKLY DUSÍKU A UHLÍKU, SOLÁRNÍ OTEPLOVÁNÍ – NOVÉ POZNATKY Tomáš LOU"KA............................................................................................................ 113

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Studia OECOLOGICA II/2008 "ASOPIS STUDIA OECOLOGICA Ro$ník II "íslo 2/2008 Redak ní rada: Doc. Ing. Pavel Janoš, CSc. – šéfredaktor Doc. Ing. Miroslav Farský, CSc. – výkonný redaktor Prof. RNDr. Olga Kontrišová, CSc. Doc. RNDr. Juraj Lesný, Ph.D. Ing. Martin Neruda, Ph.D. Doc. MVDr. Pavel Novák, CSc. Prof. Ing. Miloslav Šoch, CSc. Technický redaktor: Mgr. Petr Novák Recenzenti: RNDr. "estmír Ber$ík, Státní ú%ad pro jadernou bezpe$nost, Ústí nad Labem doc. RNDr. Miroslava Blažková, Ph.D., FŽP UJEP RNDr. Josef Datel, P%F Karlova univerzita v Praze RNDr. František Eichler, Ph.D., Liberec PaedDr. Jan Eichler, D&m d'tí a mládeže v Ústí nad Labem Bc. Bo%ek Fran'k, Správa CHKO ". st%edoho%í, Litom'%ice doc. Ing. Jan He%man, CSc., Fakulta podnikohospodá%ská VŠE Praha RNDr. Karel Hrach, Ph.D., FSE UJEP RNDr. Petr Chvátal, AOPK "R St%edisko Ústí nad Labem doc. RNDr. Milan Je%ábek, CSc., P%F UJEP Mgr. Martin Kabrna, VÚHU, a. s., Most prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Kontriš, CSc., FEE TU vo Zvolene Mgr. Petr Kozubek, ENACON, s.r.o., Praha doc. Ing. Karel Kubát, CSc., P%F UJEP Ing. Pavel Loužecký, "istírna odpadních vod Nešt'mice RNDr. Ji%ina Machá$ková, Earth Tech CZ, s. r. o., Liberec Dr. Amador Muriel, Švýcarsko Ing. Alena Rodová, Výzkumný ústav anorganické chemie, a. s., Ústí nad Labem RNDr. Miloslav Šašek, CSc., ved. katedry RLE FSE UJEP doc. Ing. Jan Šembera, Ph.D., NTI Technická univerzita Liberec prof. Ing. Miloslav Šoch, CSc., ZF JU "eské Bud'jovice doc. Ing. Ji%í Trešl, CSc., FIS VŠE Praha Ing. Vojt'ch Vá(a, Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, Chomutov Ing. Antonín Vokál, CSc., Ústav jaderného výzkumu, a. s., ež Ing. Ladislav Vondrák, Vodohospodá%ské laborato%e, Teplice prof. Ing. Jaroslava Vráblíková, CSc., FŽP UJEP Ing. Jar. Zahálka, CSc., FŽP UJEP RNDr. P%emysl Zelenka CSc., "eská geologická služba, Praha Vydává: FŽP UJEP v Ústí nad Labem Tisk: MINO Ústí nad Labem Toto $íslo bylo dáno do tisku v prosinci 2008 ISSN 1802-212X

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LIST OF NEOVOLCANIC CAVES IN THE ÚSTÍ NAD LABEM REGION (THE CZECH REPUBLIC) SUPPLEMENTED WITH RECORDS OF SPIDER META MENARDI (LATREILLE, 1804); PRELIMINARY DATA Richard POKORNÝ, Michal HOLEC, Kate%ina POKORNÁ Jan Evangelista Purkyn' University in Ústí nad Labem, Faculty of the Environment, Králova výšina 7, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, [email protected]

Abstract There are recorded 22 neovulcanic caves in the Ústí nad Labem region in the official JESO database. Nevertheless, records of another 7 caves, not mentioned in the JESO database, are published. During our field investigation during 2005-2007 another 14 caves were recorded. Four caves registered in JESO don’t, in fact, exist. The list of 39 currently (November 2007) known pseudokarst neovolcanic caves from the Ústí nad Labem region confirmed by the field investigation is presented in this contribution. The list was complemented with basic and short information on the cave type, cave dimensions and its location in the district and cadaster. Data on caves is also complemented with information on the presence of a characteristic species of underground spider Meta menardi that is easily recognizable in the field. Keywords: pseudokarst neovolcanic caves, JESO, Meta menardi. Introduction Caves probably represent the most attractive and investigated subterranean ecosystem, especially in karst landscapes (Palmer, 2007). Information of caves in Czechia is administrated by the AOPK (Agentura ochrany p%írody a krajiny "eské republiky – Agency for Nature and Landscape Protection of Czech Republic) and "GS ("eská geologická služba – Czech Geological Survey) in national information database of caves (JESO – Jednotná evidence speleologických objekt& – Unified evidence of speleological objects). This database is presently in construction. What does the term cave mean exactly? There are several definitions. We postulate, the most known and practical for speleologists is the vague and poorly described definition that uses its originality, dimensions and accessibility for man. In this sense caves are natural subterranean cavities in rock, which are at least in the one intersection surrounded by rocks, having therefore a roof, walls and a bottom in this point, they are over 2 m long and herewith they are large enough to be entered by people (Jennings, 1997; Kettner, 1948). Although cave fauna in Czechia is extremely poor, in contrast to the fauna of Mediterranean karst, because of the degradation of faunas during the glaciations in the quaternary (R&ži$ka, 1993), there is still only little data on cave spiders from Czech. In our contribution we inform about the preliminary results of our investigation of neovolcanic caves in the Ústí nad Labem region, which is aimed at its morphological and biological examination. Specifically, a data review on the presence of known caves and data on new caves recorded is presented here. Besides some basic data on the caves localization data on presence of in the field relatively easy recognizable spiders Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) is also given in this contribution. M. menardi is a species connected with different underground spaces such as cellars, caves, debris stones (R&ži$ka,

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2007). Although it is believed this is very common species there is only relatively little specific data on its localities. Methods The information about the basic number of caves, their localization and general morphometric data were used from the JESO database (Bílková, 1996), archived in the AOPK. There are more than 3000 entries about karst and non-karst caves from the whole Czech Republic. The information relating to the caves in the Ústí nad Labem region was extracted from JESO database (Table 1). Following the data in JESO a field investigation on caves began in 2005 and it has not yet finished. Within this work we verified localization and morphometric data from JESO database and published data (Chvátal 1999; Chvátal, 1996; Novotný, 1987; Cabicar, 1978; Melhardt, 1937; Ankert, 1896; Anonymus, 19xx). Using geological map and information of local people we also focused on searching new cave localities. As criterion for caves we use definition sensu Jennings (1997). Within the cave survey data about the geological situation, e.g. rock type, faults and the origin (for classification of cave types in Cigna 1978, Klassek 1994) of the subterranean cavities, cavities length (enterable and measurable (non-enterable)) was collected (Table 1). Besides nonbiological data on organisms, especially spiders, from caves was also collected. For to purpose of this work only records of characteristic spider of different underground habitats Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) are presented (Table 1). Meta menardi is an easily recordable species in the field and that is why specimens were not killed for determination in the laboratory. Although in some cases specimens were recorded in caves several times only one record is recorded (Table 1). As a record we presented both, the observation of specimens as well as observation of cocoons. To obtain data on the explorability of the targetted caves, a database of spiders was used (unpublished data registered at database of spiders from Czech obtained from V. R&ži$ka). Results and discussion Although the targetted Ústí nad Labem region belongs to poor cave regions in terms of Czech (see in Bílková, Mlejnek, 2005), there are 22 caves registered in the JESO database. In two cases (Jeskyn' na Kamenci and Ledová díra) the field research founded only little and inaccessible slits in the stony debris and therefore we took them out of the definition of cave. The cave called U cesty is going through erosion at the present time. The cave U Františkova nad Plou$nicí was incorrectly defined in former times and it didn’t exist at any time. Another 21 caves were recognized during our field and literature investigation as new for the JESO database (the list of all pseudokarst caves in the targetted Ústí nad Labem region is given in Table 1); 7 caves were described in the regional literature (marked by asterisk) (Novotný, 1987, Anonymus, 19xx, Cabicar, 1978, Chvátal 1999, Ankert, 1896, Melhardt, 1937) and 14 caves were newly recorded during the field research (marked by double asterisk). Basic data on rock material, cave type, and the length of individual caves are summarized in Table 1. There is no published data on spiders from analyzed neovolcanic caves. Only one species, Meta menardi (leg. J. Hajer), was recorded from Loupežnická jeskyn' cave (unpublished data registered at database of spiders). It seems it is a very common species in large majority of pseudokarst caves in the targeted area. Up to this time we recorded this species in 14 caves in the targeted area (Table 1). 13


Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the people that helped us with our investigation, especially to Veronika Vl$ková who enabled us to use the JESO database and helped us to start our investigation. We also thanks to Petr Chvátal for his willingness to show us how to go easy throught Loupežnická jeskyn' cave. For language improvements of early version of manuscript we thank Richard Withers. The study was supported by grant MŽP VaV SP/2d3/4/07 “Studium biologické rozmanitosti arachnocenóz pseudokrasových jeskyní v neovulkanitech severních "ech – The study of the biological diversity of the spider assemblages in pseudokarst caves in neovolcanites of the North Bohemia”. Literature ANKERT H. (1896): Burgkeller in Kamaik. Mittheilungen des Nordböhmischen Excursions-Club. 19. Jahrgang, 99–100. ANONYMUS (19xx): Plan der Zwergenhöhle am Schichenberg bei Falkendorf in Böhmen. Nepublikovaný zákres, depon. in Heimatverband Kreis Tetschen-Bodenbach e.V., Nördlingen. BÍLKOVÁ D., (1996): Evidence pseudokrasových jev& "eské republiky. In: STÁRKA, L., BÍLKOVÁ, D. (ed.): Pseudokrasové jevy v neovulkanitech "eské republiky: sborník p%ísp'vk& ze seminá%e, po%ádaného p%i p%íležitosti 20. výro$í vyhlášení chrán'né krajinné oblasti "eské st%edoho%í. Vydala Agentura ochrany p%írody a krajiny "R, "eská speleologická spole$nost a Správa chrán'ných krajinných oblastí "R, Praha, 8–19. BÍLKOVÁ D., MLEJNEK R. (2005): Statistické zhodnocení jeskyní v "eské republice k 31.1.2005. Speleofórum, 24: 76–77. CABICAR J. (1978): Zpráva o výsledcích exkurze do oblasti "eského st%edoho%í na pravém b%ehu Labe po$átkem roku 1977. Interní nepubliková zpráva deponovaná v centrálním archivu "SS, ne$íslováno. CIGNA A. A. (1978): A Classification of Karstic Phenomena. International Journal of Speleology, 10 (1): 3–9. CHVÁTAL P. (1996): Stav evidence pseudokrasových jev& v neovulkanitech v Severních "echách. In: STÁRKA, L., BÍLKOVÁ, D. (ed.): Pseudokrasové jevy v neovulkanitech "eské republiky: sborník p%ísp'vk& ze seminá%e, po%ádaného p%i p%íležitosti 20. výro$í vyhlášení Chrán'né krajinné oblasti "eské st%edoho%í. Vydala Agentura ochrany p%írody a krajiny "R, "eská speleologická spole$nost a Správa chrán'ných krajinných oblastí "R, Praha, 20–24. CHVÁTAL P. (1999): Geologický inventariza$ní pr&zkum p%írodní památky MagnetovecSkalní h%ib. Interní nepublikovaná zpráva AOPK, ne$íslováno. JENNINGS J. N. (1997): Cave and karst terminology. [online] Australian Speleological Federation Incorporated Administrative Handbook. Section G – Codes and Guidelines. KETTNER R. (1948): Všeobecná geologie, $ást III. – Vn'jší síly geologické, povrch zemský. Melantrich Praha, 765 p. 14


KLASSEK G. (2004): Caves of the Polish Flysch Carpathians. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium of Pseudokarst. Teply vrch, Slovakia, 69–74. MELHARDT H. (1937): „Höhlenforschung“ im Phonolith. Firgenwald: Vierteljahrschrift für Geologie und Erdkunde der Sudetenländer. Reichenberg, 10 (3): 119–122. NOVOTNÝ J. (1987): Nepískovcové skály v "echách: horolezecký pr&vodce. 2, Západo$eský kraj, Severo$eský kraj, Východo$eský kraj. Olympia, Praha, 333 p. PALMER A., N. (2007): Cave geology. Cave Books, Dayton, Ohio, 454 p. R#ŽI"KA V. (1993): Stony debris ecosystems-sources of landscape diversity. Ekológia, Bratislava, 12 (3): 291–298. R#ŽI"KA V. (2007): Pavouci v jeskyních "eské republiky. Speleo, Praha, 49: 14–19.

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Table 1 List of neovolcanic pseudokarst caves recorded in aimed Ústí nad Labem region. Explanation of the Czech terms: jeskyn' = cave, jesky(ka = small cave, propast = depth, propástka = small depth, díra = hole, chodba = gallery. * caves described in the regional literature, ** new records District Cave name Loupežnická jeskyn' Propástka na Bukové ho%e Ledová jeskyn' na Bukové ho%e "Sn'hová" jeskyn' ** Su)ová jeskyn' 1. ** Su)ová jeskyn' 2. ** Su)ová jeskyn' 3. ** Su)ová jeskyn' 4. ** Su)ová jeskyn' 5. ** Jeskyn' u Dobrné Hanziho propast * Liš$í jeskyn' Jeskyn' ve st'n' Jeskyn' u cesty Jeskyn' na Radobýlu Jesky(ka na Radobýlu * Bilanina jeskyn' Jesky(ka na Bo%ni * Komora Jeskyn' Sk%ítk& * Jesky(ka 1. ** Jesky(ka 2. ** Jesky(ka 3. ** Jesky(ka 4. ** Propástka 5. **

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Ústí n. L. D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín Litom'%ice Litom'%ice Teplice Teplice D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín

Cadaster Olešnice u Svádova Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Velké Stínky Malá Vele( D'$ín D'$ín – St. M'sto D'$ín – St. M'sto D'$ín – St. M'sto Žalhostice Žalhostice Chou$ Chou$ Rybništ' Folkná%e Folkná%e Folkná%e Folkná%e Folkná%e Folkná%e

Rock and cave type Phonolite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/crack type Tephrite/crack type Passed Basalt/crack type Basalt/cleft type Phonolite/crack type Phonolite/crack type Phonolite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/block-field type Tephrite/crack type Tephrite/crack type/bedding type Tephrite/crack type Tephrite/cleft type

Length (m) enterable/measur able 130,0 2,0/3,5 7,0/10,0 5,4/7,2 2,1/2,1 1,2/2,2 2,1/2,1 2,5/2,5 2,5/2,5 2,5/3,5 2,5/3,1 4,0/5,3 2,4/3,9 Passed 8,5/11,5 2,4/2,4 14,5/19,5 3,4/4,4 11,0/14,0 22,4/24,3 2,0/2,0 2,5/3,5 0,0/2,5 2,4/5,9 3,5/3,5

Presence of Meta menardi 9.8.07 31.7.07 31.7.07 31.7.07

31.7.07 1.8.07

25.8.07 30.8.07 20.7.07 5.4.07 31.8.07 31.8.07 31.8.07 31.8.07


Jesky(ka 6. ** Jeskyn' Na Výhledu * U Goldlochu Jeskyn' v Pr&$elské rokli 1 Jeskyn' v Pr&$elské rokli 2 Jeskyn' pod vodopádem Kobka Jeskyn' u Františkova n. Plou$nicí Lomená jeskyn' Komínová jeskyn' Jeskyn' u Valke%ic Jeskyn' v Bechlejovické st'n' Jeskyn' na Kamenci Ledová díra Jeskyn' na Magnetovci * Jeskyn' na Kamýku * Jesky(ka na Sokolím h%ebeni ** Sedlecká chodba **

D'$ín Litom'%ice D'$ín Ústí n. L. Ústí n. L. D'$ín D'$ín

Folkná%e Hlinná Františkov n. Plou$nicí N'm$í u Male$ova N'm$í u Male$ova Old%ichov n. Plou$nicí Old%ichov n. Plou$nicí

D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín D'$ín

Old%ichov n. Plou$nicí Old%ichov n. Plou$nicí Valke%ice Chlum u D'$ína

Ústí n. L. Litom'%ice Ústí n. L. Litom'%ice

Velké B%ezno Kamýk Suletice Sedlec u Libochovic

Tephrite/crack type Basalt/cleft type Basalt/bedding type Pyroclastics/bedding type Pyroclastics/bedding type/crack type Basalt/tuff/bedding type Basalt/artificial??? Never eist Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/cleft type Tephrite/crack type/block-field type Only small slits Only small slits Tuff/pyroclastics/bedding type Basalt/cleft type/artificial Basalt/block-field type Bedding type/artificial

4,3/4,3 4,9/4,9 7,5/8,0 4,5/6,7 7,5/8,9 11,6/11,6 4,0/4,0 4,5/9,6 6,7/6,7 2,9/2,9 1,1/2,0

1.8.07 1.8.07 2.8.07 1.8.07

1,7/1,7 25,5/25,5 1,3/2,8 4,5/4,5

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2008 MINIMALIZACE VZDUŠNÉHO SPADU V OBJEKTECH S AKUMULACÍ PITNÉ VODY

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