2. h rc = V angin = 1

Lampiran 1. Contoh Perhitungan Koefisisen Kehilangan Panas (Ut) Koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi antara pelat absorber dan cover (ha). L= 1m ,Tpelat absorber: 840C, Tudara: 35.90C Tf = (84+35.9)/2= 59.950C= 333.1 K ∆T: 48.10C, ρ= 1.0606 kg/m3, β= 0.003143

Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi antara absorber dan cover (hra) =5.67 x 10-8 Tp = 840C, Tc = 60.670C Emisivitas pelat( p) = 0.11, Emisivitas cover ( c) = 0.88 hra =

Cp= 1008.085 J/kg.K

( (

) )(

)

hra = 1.0153 W/m2.K

k= 0.0287 W/m.K

koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi antara cover dan udara luar (hc).

μ : 1.998 x 10-5 Pa.s Maka:

v angin = 1.43 m/s Pr: hc = 5.7 + 3.8v = 0.7

Pr =

= 11.1 W/m2.K

Gr = (L3ρ2gcosɸ∆Tβ)/μ2 = 2.951 x 10

Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi antara cover dan udara luar (hrc)

9

Ra = Gr x Pr = 2.07 x 109 ( nilai lebih besar dari 109 ) Untuk Ra yang laminar (≤109) digunakan nilai Nu: Nu = 0.68 +

Untuk menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas perlu ditentukan Tlangit. Berdasarkan Swinbank (1963) didalam Jansen (1995) dihitung dengan: Tlangit = 0.0552 (Tudara)3/2 = 299.92 K

[

(

)

]

Maka

Untuk seluruh nilai Ra nilai Nu: hrc = Nu= {

[

(

)

Maka Nu = 153.558 Sehingga ha = (Nu x k)/ L = 4.41 W/m2.K

]

}

( (

) )

= 6.36 W/m2K Untuk cover 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, dan 0% terdapat bagian pelat absorber yang tidak tertutup cover sehingga perlu dihitung: Koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi antara pelat absorber dengan udara luar (hb): Vangin = 1.43 m/s

47

Lanjutan Lampiran 1. Maka

+

A= luasan pelat (0.3 m2)

hc = 5.7 + 3.8v

A1 = luasan pelat tertutup cover 2

= 11.1 W/m .K

= (0.3 x 0.4)= 0.12 m2 (cover 40%)

Koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi antara pelat absorber dengan udara luar (hrb): Tlangit = 0.0552 (Tudara)3/2

A2 = luasan pelat tak tertutup cover = (0.3 x 0.6 ) = 0.18 m2 (cover 40%) = 2.631 K/W

= 299.92 K hrb =

=

(

)

(

Rt = 0.114 m2.K/W

) 2

Ut = 8.77 W/m2.K

= 0.843 W/m K Perhitungan tahanan termal =

Untuk perhitungan cover 0% hanya memiliki nilai R2 karena pelat tidak tertutup cover, sehingga:

+ Cover 0%

Ut =

hb= 11.1 W/m2.K,

R1 =

+ (cover) +

R2 =

R2 = Untuk perhitungan cover 100%, tidak memiliki nilai R2 karena seluruh pelat tertutup cover, sehingga: Rt =

hrb = 0.80 W/m2.K

= 0.0837 m2.K/W = Rt Ut = 11.93 W/m2.K

+ (cover) +

= 0.247 m2.K/W Ut = 4.038 W/m2.K

Contoh Perhitungan Laju aliran Massa CD=0.65 A= 0.015 m2

Untuk perhitungan cover 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% memiliki nilai R2 karena sebagian pelat tidak tertutup cover, sehingga: Cover 40% R1 = = 0.252 R2 =

H=0.71 Ti= 55.50C= 328.3 K T0=35.90C=308.91 K

+ (cover) +

Q = CD A [2gH (Ti-T0)/Ti]1/2 Sehingga: Q = 0.65x 0.015[2 x 9.8 x 0.71 (328.3308.91)/328.3]1/2

= 0.0836 = 0.00882 m3/s

48

Lanjutan Lampiran 1. Maka: m=Qxρ = 0.00882 m3/s x 1.07621 kg/m3 = 0.0095 kg/s Perhitungan Hasil Simulasi Numerik menggunakan solver dari simulasi komputer berdasarkan surface integral yang merupakan fungsi dari massa jenis, luas area dan vektor kecepatan ∫ vdA =∑

1v1A1

Sehingga hasil dari perhitungan simulasi numerik simulasi komputer: 0.0098 kg/s Error hitungan simulasi dan pengukuran = 4.11%

49

Lampiran 2. Biaya Konstruksi Kolektor.

No 1

Uraian

Biaya Kolektor Cover (Rp) 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Armaflex

83620

83620

83620

83620

83620

83620

2

Lem Armaflex

65000

65000

65000

65000

65000

65000

3

Kaca

18600

14880

11160

7440

3720

0

4

Pelat Alumunium

19500

19500

19500

19500

19500

19500

5

Besi Siku

53200

53200

53200

53200

53200

53200

6

Pengelasan

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

7

Gerinda

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

8

Pengeboran

5000

5000

5000

5000

5000

5000

9

Rivet

15000

15000

15000

15000

15000

15000

10

Cat

11

Upah Kerja Total Biaya

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

10000

150000

150000

150000

150000

150000

150000

439920

436200

432480

428760

425040

421320

50

Lampiran 3. Tabel Koefisien Kehilangan Panas Ut 11 April Pukul 08.00 β= 6

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.3

cover 80%

0.3

cover 60%

0.3

cover 40%

0.3

cover 20%

0.3

cover 0%

0.3

2

R2 (m2.K/W)

R1 (m .K/W)

0.38121 0.36634 0.35298 0.33032 0.3005

0.13346 0.13355 0.13349 0.13358 0.13363

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

0.786973 1.104709 1.408464 1.711713 1.996331 2.245075

0.381207 0.271565 0.212998 0.175263 0.150276 0.133626

Ut (W/m2K)

2.62324461 3.68236363 4.69488032 5.70570974 6.65443679 7.48358324

11 April, Pukul 10.00 β= 6

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.17

cover 80%

0.17

cover 60%

0.17

cover 40%

0.17

cover 20%

0.17

cover 0%

0.17

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.33382 0.29499 0.33906 0.29825 0.15173

R2 (m2.K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

0.1387 0.13948 0.13924 0.13961 0.13981

0.898698 1.246176 1.391207 1.695109 2.11446 2.145757

0.333816 0.240736 0.21564 0.17698 0.14188 0.139811

Ut (W/m2K)

2.99566083 4.15392021 4.63735598 5.65036173 7.04819887 7.15252469

11 April pukul 12.15 β= 6

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.53

cover 80%

0.53

cover 60%

0.53

cover 40%

0.53

cover 20%

0.53

cover 0%

0.53

2

R1 (m .K/W)

R2 (m .K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.11718 0.11762 0.11769 0.11781 0.11807

0.900043 1.259583 1.592612 1.931368 2.262515 2.540801

0.333317 0.238174 0.18837 0.15533 0.132596 0.118073

3.00014313 4.19860889 5.30870763 6.43789183 7.54171796 8.46933706

0.33332 0.32105 0.3145 0.29861 0.26622

2

4 April pukul 10.00 β= 15

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.37

cover 80%

0.37

cover 60%

0.37

cover 40%

0.37

cover 20%

0.37

cover 0%

0.37

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.3156 0.30789 0.29734 0.27933 0.26476

2

R2 (m .K/W)

0.12506 0.1252 0.12506 0.12589 0.12599

A/Rt (K/W)

0.950569 1.25925 1.563816 1.868917 2.133097 2.381215

Rt (m2.K/W)

0.3156 0.238237 0.191838 0.160521 0.140641 0.125986

Ut (W/m2K)

3.16856446 4.19750159 5.21272131 6.22972192 7.11032314 7.93738486

51

Lanjutan Lampiran 3. 4 April pukul 12.00 β= 15

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.17

cover 80%

0.17

cover 60%

0.17

cover 40%

0.17

cover 20%

0.17

cover 0%

0.17

2

R2 (m2.K/W)

R1 (m .K/W)

0.31584 0.30872 0.29552 0.28031 0.26204

0.13769 0.13764 0.13768 0.1389 0.13998

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.949856 1.213158 1.480904 1.735451 1.956864 2.143107

0.315837 0.247289 0.202579 0.172866 0.153307 0.139984

3.1661877 4.04385878 4.93634566 5.7848367 6.52287962 7.14368975

4 April Pukul 14.00 β= 15

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.68

cover 80%

0.68

cover 60%

0.68

cover 40%

0.68

cover 20%

0.68

cover 0%

0.68

2

2

R1 (m .K/W)

R2 (m .K/W)

0.34206 0.33205 0.31991 0.29856 0.27224

0.11081 0.11091 0.11079 0.11102 0.11117

A/Rt (K/W)

0.877043 1.264258 1.644576 2.026561 2.382174 2.698582

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.342058 0.237293 0.182418 0.148034 0.125935 0.111169

2.9234769 4.21419245 5.48191957 6.75520375 7.9405789 8.99527373

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.409202 0.311007 0.228456 0.198389 0.162631 0.144358

2.44377976 3.21536599 4.3772013 5.04061287 6.14889857 6.92722158

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.13

cover 80%

0.13

cover 60%

0.13

cover 40%

0.13

cover 20%

0.13

cover 0%

0.13

2

2

R1 (m .K/W)

R2 (m .K/W)

0.4092 0.43616 0.37517 0.43957 0.32915

0.1448 0.14399 0.14526 0.14437 0.14436

A/Rt (K/W)

0.733134 0.96461 1.31316 1.512184 1.84467 2.078166


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.32

cover 80%

0.32

cover 60%

0.32

cover 40%

0.32

cover 20%

0.32

cover 0%

0.32

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.3247 0.32402 0.33308 0.36938 0.31837

2

R2 (m .K/W)

0.13042 0.13075 0.13113 0.13085 0.13102

A/Rt (K/W)

0.92392 1.200747 1.458205 1.697535 2.022567 2.289725

0.324703 0.249845 0.205732 0.176727 0.148326 0.13102

3.07973363 4.00248845 4.86068311 5.65845081 6.74189122 7.63241675

52

Lanjutan Lampiran 3. 5 April Pukul 11.30 β= 30

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.17

cover 80%

0.17

cover 60%

0.17

cover 40%

0.17

cover 20%

0.17

cover 0%

0.17

2

R1 (m .K/W)

2

R2 (m .K/W)

0.28334 0.28022 0.28013 0.31572 0.27641

Rt (m2.K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

0.13853 0.13873 0.14057 0.13967 0.13994

1.05881 1.289588 1.507533 1.660548 1.93542 2.143841

0.283337 0.232632 0.199001 0.180663 0.155005 0.139936

Ut (W/m2K)

3.52936596 4.29862658 5.02510903 5.53515932 6.45140023 7.14613699


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.23

cover 80%

0.23

cover 60%

0.23

cover 40%

0.23

cover 20%

0.23

cover 0%

0.23

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.28493 0.28425 0.28036 0.28258 0.27838

R2 (m2.K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

0.13561 0.13544 0.13586 0.13623 0.13701

1.052895 1.286785 1.528007 1.749581 1.977308 2.189635

Rt (m2.K/W)

0.284929 0.233139 0.196334 0.17147 0.151721 0.137009

Ut (W/m2K)

3.5096502 4.28928352 5.09335767 5.83193765 6.59102793 7.29878221


v (m/s)

cover 100%

1.43

cover 80%

1.43

cover 60%

1.43

cover 40%

1.43

cover 20%

1.43

cover 0%

1.43

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.24763 0.24584 0.24456 0.25252 0.24981

2

R2 (m .K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.08317 0.08322 0.08349 0.08365 0.08378

1.211503 1.697705 2.177909 2.631164 3.109229 3.580651

0.247626 0.176709 0.137747 0.114018 0.096487 0.083784

4.03834208 5.65901631 7.25969614 8.77054699 10.3640964 11.9355043


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.55

cover 80%

0.55

cover 60%

0.55

cover 40%

0.55

cover 20%

0.55

cover 0%

0.55

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.27418 0.2674 0.27378 0.27484 0.28068

2

R2 (m .K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.11557 0.11598 0.11626 0.11681 0.11664

1.094158 1.41667 1.692102 1.98484 2.268437 2.572058

0.274183 0.211764 0.177294 0.151146 0.13225 0.116638

3.64719414 4.72223192 5.64034083 6.61613242 7.5614578 8.57352773

53

Lanjutan Lampiran 3. 10 April Pukul 08.45 β= 60

v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.38

cover 80%

0.38

cover 60%

0.38

cover 40%

0.38

cover 20%

0.38

cover 0%

0.38

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.30504 0.33606 0.30556 0.30138 0.29758

2

R2 (m .K/W)

A/Rt (K/W)

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.12773 0.12733 0.1274 0.12762 0.12782

0.98349 1.183908 1.531497 1.811053 2.082225 2.346989

0.305036 0.253398 0.195887 0.165649 0.144077 0.127823

3.27830044 3.94636137 5.10499092 6.03684442 6.94075073 7.8232954


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.23

cover 80%

0.23

cover 60%

0.23

cover 40%

0.23

cover 20%

0.23

cover 0%

0.23

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.31216 0.34994 0.31766 0.31269 0.30966

2

R2 (m .K/W)

0.13729 0.13687 0.13692 0.13716 0.13712

A/Rt (K/W)

0.961042 1.122873 1.443397 1.698396 1.943481 2.187905

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)

0.312161 0.267172 0.207843 0.176637 0.154362 0.137117

3.20347352 3.74290896 4.81132302 5.66132147 6.47826905 7.29301783

Rt (m2.K/W)

Ut (W/m2K)


v (m/s)

cover 100%

0.55

cover 80%

0.55

cover 60%

0.55

cover 40%

0.55

cover 20%

0.55

cover 0%

0.55

2

R1 (m .K/W)

0.30942 0.40882 0.3172 0.30991 0.30264

2

R2 (m .K/W)

0.11754 0.11723 0.11724 0.11736 0.11748

A/Rt (K/W)

0.969562 1.097544 1.591059 1.922493 2.243276 2.553524

0.309418 0.273338 0.188554 0.156047 0.133733 0.117485

3.23187309 3.65848034 5.30352891 6.40830845 7.47758615 8.51174538

54

Lampiran 4. Jurnal file pengerjaan simulasi di fluent. “SETTING MODEL PENYELESAIAN” /define/models> steady Steady solution model is already enabled. /define/models> energy Enable energy model? [yes] y Compute viscous energy dissipation? [no] y /define/models//define/operating-conditions> gravity enable gravitational forces? [yes] y x-component of gravity (m/s2) [0] y-component of gravity (m/s2) [-9.8] z-component of gravity (m/s2) [0] /define/models/viscous> ke-standard Enable the standard k-epsilon turbulence model? [yes] y /define/models/viscous> buoyancy-effects Enable effects of buoyancy on turbulence? [yes] y / define/models/viscous/near-wall-treatment> swf Enable standard wall functions? [no] y /define/models/radiation> solar Enable the Solar Load model? [yes] y /define/models/radiation> solar-calculator Latitude (deg) [-6.580000196834431] Longitude (deg) [106.780003194222] Timezone (+-GMT) [7] North (X-direction) [0] North (Y-direction) [0] North (Z-direction) [1] East (X-direction) [-1] East (Y-direction) [0] East (Z-direction) [0] Day [21] Month [7] Hour [9] Minute [0] Sunshine Factor [1] Sun Direction Vector: X: -0.707, Y: 0.701, Z: 0.0846 / define/models/radiation> s2s Enable the S2S radiation model? [yes] y /define/materials> change-create “SETTING SIFAT MATERIAL” /define/materials> change-create material-name> aluminum material name [aluminum] aluminum is a solid change Density? [no] y Density methods: (user-defined constant) new method [constant] value (kg/m3) [2719] change Cp (Specific Heat)? [no] y

55

Lanjutan Lampiran 4. Cp (Specific Heat) methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial user-defined) new method [constant] value (j/kg-k) [871] change Thermal Conductivity? [no] y Thermal Conductivity methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial biaxial cyl-orthotropic orthotropic anisotropic user-defined) new method [constant] value (w/m-k) [202.4] /define/materials> change-create material-name> glass material name [glass] glass is a solid change Density? [no] y Density methods: (user-defined constant) new method [constant] value (kg/m3) [2700] change Cp (Specific Heat)? [no] y Cp (Specific Heat) methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial user-defined) new method [constant] value (j/kg-k) [840] change Thermal Conductivity? [no] y Thermal Conductivity methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial biaxial cyl-orthotropic orthotropic anisotropic user-defined) new method [constant] value (w/m-k) [0.7799999713897705] /define/materials> change-create material-name> insulasi material name [insulasi] insulasi is a solid change Density? [no] y Density methods: (user-defined constant) new method [constant] value (kg/m3) [50] change Cp (Specific Heat)? [no] y Cp (Specific Heat) methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial user-defined) new method [constant] value (j/kg-k) [800] change Thermal Conductivity? [no] y Thermal Conductivity methods: (constant piecewise-linear piecewise-polynomial polynomial biaxial cyl-orthotropic orthotropic anisotropic user-defined) new method [constant] value (w/m-k) [0.03799999877810478] /define/models//define/boundary-conditions> wall

56

Lanjutan Lampiran 4. (absorber-shadow absorber cover insulasi) zone id/name [absorber-shadow] absorber Wall Thickness (m) [0.0005] Radiation BC Type [opaque]> opaque semi-transparent Radiation BC Type [opaque]> opaque Participates in Solar Ray Tracing? [yes] “SETTING KONDISI BATAS” /define/models//define/boundary-conditions> wall (absorber-shadow absorber cover insulasi) zone id/name [absorber-shadow] cover Wall Thickness (m) [0.005] Radiation BC Type [opaque]> opaque semi-transparent Radiation BC Type [opaque]> semi-transparent Participates in Solar Ray Tracing? [yes] /define/models//define/boundary-conditions> wall (absorber-shadow absorber cover insulasi) zone id/name [absorber-shadow] insulasi Wall Thickness (m) [0.0254] Radiation BC Type [opaque]> opaque semi-transparent Radiation BC Type [opaque]> opaque Participates in Solar Ray Tracing? [yes] /define/models//define/boundary-conditions> pressure-inlet (inlet) zone id/name [inlet] Gauge Total Pressure (atm) [0] Initial Gauge Pressure (atm) [0] /define/models//define/boundary-conditions> pressure-outlet (outlet) zone id/name [outlet] Gauge Total Pressure (atm) [0]

57

Lampiran 5. Simulasi Distribusi Suhu Udara di Bawah Pelat Absorber. Pukul 09.00 β=6

Pukul 09.00 β=15

Cover (°C)

x (cm)

Cover (°C)

x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

27.48

27.46

27.46

27.46

27.5

27.89

0

27.04

26.98

27.26

27.14

26.98

29.65

5

27.85

27.82

27.82

27.82

27.89

28.55

5

27.06

26.98

27.17

27.21

26.98

29.99

10

28.21

28.18

28.18

28.17

28.3

29.33

10

27.36

27.26

27.21

27.26

27.2

30.2

15

28.42

28.39

28.39

28.38

28.54

29.78

15

27.39

27.38

27.27

27.28

27.26

30.33

20

28.8

28.96

28.77

28.77

29.02

30.67

20

27.43

27.38

27.38

27.38

27.49

30.63

25

28.98

29.24

28.95

28.95

29.79

31.11

25

27.45

27.44

27.44

27.43

27.71

30.84

30

29.35

29.29

29.16

29.23

30.07

31.95

30

27.56

27.55

27.69

27.54

28.24

31.26

35

29.36

29.44

29.22

29.28

30.71

32.36

35

27.61

27.66

27.67

27.65

28.81

31.46

40

29.39

29.54

29.27

29.34

31.05

33.15

40

27.7

27.68

27.69

27.67

30.33

32.03

45

29.4

29.61

29.35

29.39

32.91

33.53

45

27.82

27.74

27.73

27.75

31.68

33.32

50

29.46

29.65

29.6

29.43

35.34

36.05

50

28.76

28.77

27.66

28.75

32.35

34.57

55

29.46

29.72

29.64

29.74

35.83

39.07

55

28.98

29.01

28.78

28.89

34.2

36.32

60

29.52

29.73

29.76

29.81

36.7

39.43

60

29.04

29.06

28.95

29

34.83

36.82

65

29.59

29.74

29.83

30.28

37.43

40.1

65

29.09

29.11

28.88

29.17

35.64

37.49

70

29.74

29.77

29.87

30.68

37.74

40.71

70

29.4

29.26

28.95

29.29

36.1

37.9

75

29.74

29.86

31.18

31.48

38.03

41

75

30.46

30.25

28.99

29.61

36.88

38.61

80

29.76

30.93

36.71

33

38.3

41.26

80

31.09

31.06

29.05

30.74

38.94

40.78

85

29.77

36.29

37.96

35.74

38.97

41.52

85

32.31

32.46

29.19

34.52

39.67

41.6

90

29.86

37.33

38.19

36.27

39.17

42.21

90

32.37

32.57

29.29

38.06

39.98

41.89

95

30.86

37.59

38.87

38.63

41.57

42.41

95

32.52

33.37

30.32

46.54

40.26

42.16

52.4

55

54.34

55

100

35.21

45.13

51.09

53.16

51.09

53.4

100 36 49.32 *x = jarak dari inlet kolektor

58

Lanjutan Lampiran 5. Pukul 09.00 β=30

Pukul 09.00 β=45

Cover (°C)

x (cm)

Cover (°C)

x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

0

27.15

27.14

27.13

27.13

27.15

29.37

5

27.44

27.43

27.41

27.41

27.42

10

27.64

27.7

27.63

27.61

15

27.77

27.86

27.79

20

28.07

27.99

25

28.12

30

80%

100%

0

28.5

28.57

28.67

28.61

28.5

27.15

30.5

5

28.87

28.92

28.94

28.9

28.77

28.41

27.62

30.24

10

29

29.05

29.03

29.03

28.83

30.7

27.73

27.74

30.49

15

29.03

29.11

29.17

29.07

28.97

30.79

28.01

27.97

28.02

30.96

20

29.15

29.17

29.18

29.07

29.01

30.88

28.06

28.06

28.07

28.23

31.18

25

29.2

29.19

29.2

29.13

29.09

31.36

28.22

28.22

28.28

28.24

28.88

31.61

30

29.22

29.27

29.2

29.17

29.49

31.64

35

28.3

28.31

28.46

28.33

29.38

31.83

35

29.29

29.28

29.26

29.27

29.79

32.18

40

28.45

28.48

28.6

28.48

30.27

32.24

40

29.29

29.33

29.29

29.35

30.55

32.35

45

28.53

29.63

29.55

28.54

30.67

32.43

45

29.35

29.36

29.31

29.48

30.94

32.44

50

29.51

30.19

30.12

29.49

32.26

34.07

50

29.37

29.41

29.32

29.55

31.51

32.93

55

30.13

30.26

30.27

30.4

33.9

35.47

55

29.37

29.42

29.36

29.71

31.75

33.13

60

30.21

30.31

30.39

30.39

34.26

35.67

60

29.39

29.42

29.41

29.79

32.18

33.29

65

30.23

30.43

30.5

30.3

34.88

36.05

65

29.42

29.43

29.46

30.04

32.53

33.81

70

30.26

30.55

30.54

30.5

35.41

36.39

70

29.46

29.47

29.53

30.64

32.68

33.84

75

30.39

30.65

30.58

30.97

35.65

36.56

75

29.49

29.51

29.64

31.09

32.7

33.96

80

30.51

30.66

30.68

31.85

35.88

36.71

80

29.51

29.53

29.79

31.76

32.82

34.06

85

30.6

30.68

30.8

32.98

36.09

36.86

85

29.51

29.79

29.84

31.95

32.94

34.16

90

30.62

33.27

33.42

35.28

36.66

37.27

90

29.6

29.89

31.74

32.18

33.26

34.44

95

30.63

33.54

34.06

38.68

36.82

37.39

95

29.81

31.76

32.07

35.45

33.36

34.53

100 35.68 39.68 *x = jarak dari inlet kolektor

40.36

41.52

41.87

41.3

100

30.77

36.68

37.95

39.79

38.41

38.06

59

Lanjutan Lampiran 5.

Pukul 12.00 β=6 Cover (°C)

Pukul 09.00 β=60

Cover (°C)

x (cm)

x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

27.07

27.06

27.09

27.06

27.06

28.13

5

27.26

27.23

27.27

27.49

27.55

28.16

10

27.41

27.38

27.39

27.52

27.63

28.34

15

27.44

27.41

27.55

27.68

28.46

28.64

20

27.49

27.52

27.64

27.72

28.67

28.77

25

27.6

27.52

27.7

27.73

29.02

29.02

30

27.63

27.69

27.78

27.82

29.16

29.13

35

27.69

27.74

27.84

27.87

29.87

29.34

40

27.77

27.81

27.91

28.05

30.63

29.44

45

27.83

27.86

27.99

28.14

30.79

30.05

50

27.98

28.04

28.13

28.77

31.09

30.26

55

27.99

28.09

28.13

29.71

31.35

30.65

60

28.02

28.14

28.14

29.97

31.47

30.72

65

28.12

28.21

28.27

30.19

31.58

30.86

70

28.14

28.24

28.31

30.39

31.69

30.99

75

28.16

28.27

28.49

30.93

32.01

31.05

80

28.17

28.36

30.63

31.1

32.11

31.11

85

28.17

30.56

30.73

31.6

32.61

31.17

90

28.17

30.73

31.08

33.19

33.01

31.36

95

28.33

31.66

32.41

35.9

37.98

31.43

100 30.79 36.9 *x = jarak dari inlet kolektor

37.75

38.74

39.11

35.6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.86 28.46 29.13 29.50 30.16 30.46 31.03 31.31 31.80 32.03 32.46 32.70 32.73 32.89 33.65 33.87 34.38 36.95 38.61 39.17 42.38

27.82 28.40 29.05 29.42 30.08 30.39 30.97 31.24 31.74 32.10 32.83 33.02 33.82 34.51 36.04 36.43 36.63 36.92 38.90 43.18 46.74

27.85 28.44 29.09 29.45 30.11 30.41 30.98 31.25 31.74 31.96 31.10 30.82 31.14 31.36 31.35 31.44 33.67 36.29 38.11 40.20 49.14

27.84 28.43 29.07 29.44 30.13 30.45 31.04 31.32 31.86 32.12 31.27 31.53 31.45 31.58 32.05 37.39 38.35 40.81 45.59 48.49 52.74

27.83 28.43 29.10 29.49 30.29 30.70 31.60 32.11 33.27 33.89 37.37 42.00 42.84 44.33 45.62 46.21 46.75 47.27 48.59 48.95 53.40

28.48 29.51 30.75 31.46 32.84 33.51 34.81 35.45 36.66 37.24 41.18 45.89 46.45 47.49 48.43 48.86 49.27 49.67 50.80 51.14 53.56

60



x (cm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100


x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.50 27.54 27.48 27.60 27.81 27.91 28.36 28.34 28.45 28.34 30.57 30.44 30.64 30.90 31.12 33.07 34.62 37.29 37.53 37.63 38.99

27.07 27.07 27.64 27.82 27.80 27.90 28.09 28.29 28.44 28.33 30.44 30.52 30.76 31.02 31.07 34.69 37.19 37.44 39.02 42.22 44.44

27.18 27.28 27.71 27.68 27.77 27.87 28.05 28.27 28.63 29.65 30.67 32.46 33.62 35.40 40.51 41.59 42.69 43.94 44.12 45.22 46.60

27.07 27.06 27.44 27.55 28.04 28.19 28.21 28.24 28.46 28.73 29.23 30.64 30.67 31.02 32.06 34.59 37.64 40.46 41.28 47.33 51.36

27.07 27.06 27.45 27.56 27.95 27.96 28.40 29.13 32.99 36.73 37.53 39.65 40.34 41.62 43.21 44.09 44.89 45.10 45.30 45.49 48.05

26.85 28.44 31.36 32.50 32.01 32.38 33.16 33.54 34.29 34.65 35.68 39.04 39.50 40.28 43.31 44.20 44.80 45.41 46.12 47.40 49.66

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.33 28.20 28.48 28.96 29.02 29.24 29.39 29.71 29.94 32.00 33.28 33.33 33.55 33.93 34.17 34.35 34.36 34.20 34.23 34.08 35.37

27.35 27.80 28.23 28.53 29.06 29.11 29.28 29.42 29.72 29.95 32.03 33.33 33.34 33.49 33.87 34.10 34.18 33.31 38.00 38.12 40.68

27.33 28.19 28.48 28.93 29.00 29.39 29.70 29.94 32.09 33.46 33.44 33.54 33.82 34.03 34.13 34.12 34.29 34.49 33.70 41.33 41.68

27.38 27.82 28.21 28.49 28.87 28.93 29.19 29.33 29.73 30.01 31.25 32.07 33.20 33.23 33.70 35.18 36.85 39.01 40.87 41.80 44.86

27.38 27.81 28.19 28.42 29.01 29.43 30.61 31.70 33.65 34.47 37.73 38.12 38.52 38.97 39.05 39.81 40.19 41.73 42.45 43.74 44.28

27.38 27.82 28.19 29.08 29.57 30.09 30.67 31.06 31.87 33.62 34.09 34.14 35.14 35.62 36.55 37.00 37.88 38.29 42.01 45.13 45.54

*x = jarak dari inlet kolektor

61



x (cm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100


x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.94 28.30 31.00 31.21 31.36 31.74 31.77 31.78 31.91 32.04 32.05 32.16 32.18 32.19 32.20 32.23 32.48 32.61 32.84 32.99 35.50

26.85 27.19 27.74 30.92 31.49 31.71 31.79 31.80 31.93 31.96 31.98 32.17 32.28 32.41 32.64 32.97 33.05 35.49 35.82 36.10 37.11

27.90 28.99 31.04 31.28 31.43 31.64 31.88 31.91 31.96 32.01 32.04 32.17 32.18 32.36 32.46 32.67 32.91 33.01 35.74 36.20 38.89

28.00 28.32 30.66 31.53 31.64 31.78 31.85 32.04 32.23 32.39 32.61 33.05 33.20 33.22 34.09 35.05 35.91 37.41 37.83 40.33 42.78

28.28 29.23 31.43 31.83 32.00 33.00 33.67 34.98 35.19 35.93 36.93 37.43 38.31 39.06 39.39 39.40 39.69 39.97 40.65 40.84 41.69

27.41 28.50 34.05 34.57 34.62 35.75 36.30 37.39 37.70 37.91 38.91 39.28 39.38 39.60 40.20 40.54 40.72 40.95 41.36 41.87 42.02

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.33 27.71 28.28 28.39 28.42 28.67 28.80 28.84 29.02 29.13 29.32 29.34 29.37 29.47 29.56 29.58 29.61 29.63 29.89 31.20 31.43

27.33 27.67 28.45 28.46 28.67 28.80 28.83 29.02 29.12 29.37 29.37 29.40 29.44 29.47 29.47 29.49 29.51 29.52 29.61 30.48 34.62

27.33 27.68 28.18 28.42 28.52 28.71 28.75 28.79 29.00 29.10 29.17 29.19 29.21 29.27 29.34 29.44 29.44 29.61 29.66 30.79 34.39

27.28 27.60 28.10 28.31 28.51 28.71 28.83 28.96 29.06 29.09 29.13 29.27 30.28 30.71 31.14 31.58 32.80 33.11 33.82 34.27 35.30

27.21 27.50 27.97 28.31 28.57 29.72 29.96 30.41 30.62 31.56 32.61 32.85 33.26 33.62 33.79 33.94 34.09 34.50 34.62 35.26 36.81

28.52 28.66 28.81 29.33 29.54 29.91 30.07 30.37 30.50 31.27 31.53 32.05 32.14 32.31 32.47 32.54 32.61 32.68 32.88 32.94 34.40


62



x (cm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100


x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.25 27.48 27.71 27.85 28.09 28.20 28.33 28.36 28.43 28.50 28.51 28.53 28.61 28.65 28.66 28.67 28.68 28.70 28.76 29.34 32.73

27.25 27.48 27.71 27.84 28.09 28.20 28.50 28.51 28.52 28.61 28.65 28.67 28.68 28.70 28.76 29.36 32.68 33.21 33.64 33.88 40.37

27.25 27.48 27.70 27.84 28.08 28.19 28.30 28.34 28.39 28.48 28.57 28.59 28.63 28.66 28.70 28.74 28.81 29.62 33.09 34.13 42.92

27.25 27.48 27.71 27.85 28.10 28.21 28.40 28.47 28.51 28.72 28.76 28.82 28.83 28.95 29.26 30.19 32.14 32.48 33.91 35.98 44.40

27.28 27.54 27.81 27.97 28.29 28.46 28.81 28.99 29.39 29.59 30.76 32.29 32.56 33.04 33.45 33.80 33.96 34.39 34.53 36.02 44.90

27.60 28.07 28.64 28.96 29.57 29.87 30.44 30.72 31.25 31.50 33.07 35.00 35.23 35.66 36.04 36.20 36.51 36.93 37.07 38.86 49.56

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

26.94 26.94 27.08 27.16 27.23 27.24 27.30 27.33 27.47 27.52 28.07 28.13 28.24 28.37 28.39 28.99 29.43 30.29 30.37 30.43 31.98

27.01 27.16 27.18 27.20 27.23 27.30 27.37 27.38 27.42 28.06 28.20 28.24 28.28 28.42 29.11 29.64 30.36 30.37 30.43 30.93 37.82

26.93 26.93 27.11 27.18 27.19 27.22 27.29 27.32 27.37 27.45 27.46 28.01 28.04 28.18 28.22 28.24 28.25 28.27 28.54 29.15 40.03

26.93 26.96 27.07 27.11 27.21 27.25 27.29 27.32 27.40 27.43 27.45 28.08 28.16 28.30 28.36 28.44 28.58 29.27 31.61 32.82 43.36

26.94 26.94 27.08 27.12 27.24 27.25 27.38 27.64 28.31 29.05 30.34 31.43 31.81 32.32 32.62 33.13 34.40 34.87 35.06 35.24 42.17

28.55 28.76 28.89 28.97 29.15 29.28 29.53 29.66 30.01 30.36 31.53 32.60 32.90 33.31 33.55 33.96 35.24 35.71 35.89 36.05 42.87


63



x (cm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100


x (cm)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.04 27.23 27.36 27.45 27.67 27.73 27.78 27.88 27.93 28.53 28.95 28.95 28.98 29.00 29.09 29.16 29.19 29.20 29.20 29.24 29.59

27.04 27.23 27.36 27.44 27.63 27.73 27.78 27.88 27.93 28.52 28.92 28.96 28.96 29.00 29.08 29.13 29.20 29.24 29.25 29.26 33.47

27.18 27.38 27.38 27.43 27.76 27.83 27.87 27.91 28.46 28.91 28.99 29.05 29.07 29.11 29.15 29.22 29.33 29.35 29.03 31.12 35.26

27.05 27.23 27.38 27.48 27.59 27.61 27.71 27.76 27.91 27.99 28.55 28.90 28.94 29.11 29.55 30.08 30.68 31.14 32.12 33.37 35.55

27.09 27.30 27.43 27.47 27.57 27.64 27.80 27.96 28.85 29.27 30.27 31.25 31.47 31.86 32.21 32.36 32.51 32.65 33.03 33.14 35.87

28.47 29.20 29.04 29.20 29.51 29.66 29.94 30.08 30.35 30.47 31.52 32.42 32.55 32.80 33.02 33.13 33.23 33.32 33.58 33.66 35.94

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.97 28.21 28.27 28.34 28.34 28.39 28.39 28.43 28.46 28.47 28.48 28.50 28.54 28.57 28.58 28.58 28.64 28.75 28.79 30.06 29.44

27.96 28.18 28.26 28.30 28.37 28.38 28.42 28.47 28.47 28.47 28.47 28.49 28.55 28.56 28.56 28.57 28.62 28.77 28.82 30.05 31.83

27.98 28.19 28.25 28.34 28.37 28.40 28.42 28.44 28.44 28.45 28.47 28.51 28.53 28.55 28.56 28.56 28.58 28.64 28.73 28.77 33.92

27.95 28.19 28.27 28.32 28.34 28.37 28.40 28.46 28.48 28.57 28.64 28.76 28.79 28.82 29.14 29.47 29.68 30.03 30.16 32.30 34.29

28.03 28.17 28.22 28.34 28.35 28.46 28.75 28.94 29.30 29.36 29.57 29.87 30.02 30.28 30.51 30.62 30.68 30.71 30.80 31.10 33.58

29.07 29.16 29.25 29.26 29.61 29.79 30.13 30.25 30.29 30.60 30.73 30.75 30.82 31.00 31.15 31.16 31.23 31.29 31.35 31.53 34.92


64



x (cm)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

27.02 27.13 27.23 27.24 27.29 27.35 27.39 27.45 27.45 27.53 27.54 27.62 27.63 27.68 27.73 27.73 27.73 27.80 27.92 28.45 28.94

27.01 27.24 27.33 27.41 27.45 27.47 27.51 27.55 27.62 27.65 27.69 27.70 27.70 27.71 27.72 27.79 27.80 27.89 28.46 29.41 31.78

27.01 27.11 27.21 27.24 27.51 27.55 27.62 27.65 27.71 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.83 27.84 27.97 28.69 29.50 30.40 31.26 35.26

27.00 27.12 27.25 27.49 27.52 27.56 27.73 27.75 27.81 28.31 28.51 28.70 28.89 29.45 29.61 29.97 30.36 31.32 31.51 31.69 34.15

27.02 27.14 27.32 27.33 27.44 27.54 27.98 28.09 28.31 28.41 28.77 29.67 29.87 29.96 30.04 30.13 30.36 30.44 30.79 31.06 34.25

27.72 27.74 27.86 28.07 28.16 28.33 28.40 28.54 28.61 29.02 29.17 29.47 29.57 29.65 29.69 29.73 29.78 29.90 29.94 30.20 32.57


65

Lampiran 6a Koordinat Titik Validasi Suhu Kolektor Cover 100%. koordinat (β=6°)

Titik Suhu

koordinat (β=15°)

koordinat (β=30°)

koordinat (β=45°)

koordinat (β=60°)

x

y

z

x

y

z

x

y

z

x

y

z

x

y

z

T2

0.15

0.061

0.87

0.15

0.08

0.879

0.15

0.116

0.893

0.15

0.133

0.938

0.15

0.189

0.944

T3

0.15

0.134

0.137

0.15

0.273

0.151

0.15

0.481

0.25

0.15

0.651

0.418

0.15

0.771

0.608

T4

0.15

0.041

0.876

0.15

0.058

0.875

0.15

0.097

0.885

0.15

0.114

0.925

0.15

0.178

0.926

T5

0.15

0.084

0.446

0.15

0.18

0.428

0.15

0.306

0.517

0.15

0.418

0.62

0.15

0.657

0.786

T6

0.15

0.117

0.135

0.15

0.253

0.151

0.15

0.462

0.25

0.15

0.631

0.409

0.15

0.748

0.602

Titik validasi diambil berdasarkan pembuatan simulasi di fluent. Dengan koordinat (0,0,0) yang terlihat pada Gambar 59a. Nilai x = 0.15 menunjukkan titik berada di tengah kolektor yang disebut dengan gambar potongan iso surface pada x = 0.15 yang terlihat pada Gambar 59b. Titik validasi kolektor cover 80% (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11), cover 60% (T12, T13, T14, T15, T16), cover 40% (T17, T18, T19, T20, T21), cover 20% (T22, T23, T24, T25, T26), dan cover 0% (T27, T28, T29, T30, T31) memiliki koordinat yang sama untuk setiap kemiringan kolektor.

Iso Surface x = 0.15 a

(0,0,0)

b

Gambar 59. Koordinat (0,0,0) pada Kolektor Kemiringan 30o(a), Iso Surface x = 0.15 (b).

66

Lanjutan Lampiran 6b. Validasi Kolektor Surya Tipe Backpass. β =6 Validasi (pukul 10.00)

Validasi (pukul 08.00) Kolektor

Cover 100%

Cover 80%

Cover 60%

Cover 40%

Cover 20%

Cover 0%

Titik suhu T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T22 T23 T24 T25 T26 T27 T28 T29 T30 T31 rata-rata

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

30.28 34.21 29.9 30.8 31.53 29.78 34.55 27.42 28.55 29.69 29.39 35.42 27.3 29.57 30.02 29.2 34.49 28.04 28.04 29.22 29.53 33.26 26.85 27.41 28.53 29.37 30.16 27.12 27.93 28.47

31.34 33.62 29.13 29.65 29.87 31.9 34.6 28.3 29.6 29.89 31.36 33.05 27.68 29.56 30.26 31.25 34.13 28.24 28.52 29.14 27.52 32.59 27.4 28.36 28.89 29.87 31.83 27.72 28.93 30.09

Error (%) 3.38 1.76 2.65 3.88 5.56 6.65 0.14 3.13 3.52 0.69 6.28 7.18 1.37 0.02 0.77 6.55 1.06 0.71 1.68 0.27 7.29 2.07 2.01 3.35 1.24 0.36 1.18 2.15 3.44 5.37

2.86

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

67.94 82.15 45.02 48.69 56.03 63.02 83.4 46.4 47.83 49.16 63.96 73.95 37.33 43.99 47.32 57.45 72.11 36.93 39.86 42.8 55.26 64.37 40.07 43.11 46.15 55.04 61.52 37.24 40.47 45.33

67.49 80.9 45.48 50.21 56.25 64.02 80.04 46.5 49 50.01 63.77 70.2 36.32 44.71 48.06 62.3 73.31 36.87 39.27 42.67 56.32 68.51 38.76 39.22 42.38 61.65 65.98 36.6 39.81 47.6

Validasi (pukul 12.15)

Error (%) 0.67 1.55 1.03 3.03 0.39 1.57 4.2 0.23 2.39 1.7 0.31 5.34 2.78 1.61 1.55 7.78 1.63 0.17 1.5 0.3 1.89 6.04 3.4 9.92 8.89 10.72 6.76 1.74 1.67 4.77

3.18

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

58.22 68.97 44.76 47.45 52.84 47.31 68.6 36.66 41.98 44.65 52.15 58.2 39.32 41.98 44.65 50.01 58.01 39.34 43.77 44.67 52.99 55.62 39.87 41.45 42.5 49.11 52.47 37.36 42.39 44.07

58.45 66.65 45.38 48.32 52.09 48.3 68.06 36.81 43.56 45.75 53.06 60.01 43.38 43.82 45.03 52.51 58.7 43.32 43.06 43.47 50.26 56.31 42 41.89 42.08 49.73 51.34 41.54 41.79 42.74

Error (%) 0.4 3.47 1.37 1.8 1.44 2.04 0.79 0.4 3.61 2.41 1.72 3.01 9.36 4.19 0.85 4.77 1.17 9.19 1.65 2.76 5.43 1.23 5.07 1.03 0.98 1.26 2.18 10.06 1.45 3.12

2.94

67

Lanjutan Lampiran 6b.

Kolektor

Cover 100%

Cover 80%

Cover 60%

Cover 40%

Cover 20%

Cover 0%


Validasi (pukul 10.00) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 62.4 60.44 3.24 85.86 84.16 2.02 43.88 41.82 4.93 47.08 47.33 0.54 56.12 56.85 1.28 62.35 61.25 1.79 82.84 81.13 2.11 41.86 41.46 0.96 43.79 43.06 1.68 47.71 46.35 2.95 56.59 59.31 4.58 80.12 79.03 1.39 38.94 37.59 3.59 44.82 45.2 0.83 47.77 46.3 3.16 56.34 59.14 1.98 79.59 81.16 1.11 38.91 40.44 3.79 44.72 45.45 1.61 50.97 50.99 0.04 39.45 40.63 2.9 67.96 68.51 0.8 38.8 42.56 8.85 41.6 43.07 3.42 44.39 43.67 1.66 61.01 62.64 2.6 66.85 66.95 0.16 37.47 38.57 2.86 41.89 45.74 8.43 46.87 47.6 1.54

2.56

β =15 Validasi (pukul 12.00) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 66 65.9 0.16 93.68 92.57 1.21 41.72 40.03 4.23 46.22 44.86 3.04 54.01 53.18 1.57 63.11 65.11 3.07 92.49 89.84 2.94 37.01 38.89 4.82 43.03 44.15 2.53 49.06 48.03 2.14 59.64 60.4 1.26 92.42 90.4 2.24 39.96 38.48 3.87 46.52 46.38 0.31 48.09 48.85 1.55 62.49 64.08 2.49 91.65 89.93 1.92 39.81 39.25 1.43 41.07 40.87 0.49 46.29 46.78 1.04 42.96 39.94 7.56 73.82 75.01 1.59 36.7 39.75 7.68 42.1 41.49 1.48 43.98 42.58 3.28 57.04 57.68 1.11 62.8 61.1 2.78 39.76 39.56 0.5 44.64 47.72 6.47 45.52 43.71 4.14

2.63

Validasi (pukul 14.00) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 46.75 47.83 2.24 50.29 50.33 0.08 43.6 39.44 10.55 46.26 44.76 3.35 51.41 47.82 7.51 44.32 45.03 1.59 51.54 48.75 5.71 38.13 40.57 6.02 43.99 44.84 1.91 46.09 44.96 2.51 42.77 43.65 0.62 46.28 46.38 0.07 34.88 35.73 2.39 36.63 38.02 3.66 39.1 38.38 1.88 41.79 42.92 2.63 49.58 49.02 1.15 34.97 35.28 0.87 37.9 36.88 2.75 39.07 38.16 2.38 39.54 37.65 5 45.99 44 4.52 35.85 32.77 9.39 36.77 36.16 1.68 39.06 37.12 5.21 40.94 40.8 0.34 42.39 40.61 4.37 34.93 35.61 1.93 36.31 37.83 4.01 36.78 37.87 2.9

3.31

68

Lanjutan Lampiran 6b. β =30 Kolektor

Cover `100%

Cover 80%

Cover 60%

Cover 40%

Cover 20%

Cover 0%


Validasi (pukul 08.45) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 45.03 43.16 4.34 55.12 52.81 4.39 32.26 30.96 4.19 34.39 32.67 5.27 39.46 37.31 5.78 39.58 41.57 4.79 45.64 43.51 4.92 33.52 30.48 9.97 35.39 33.33 6.19 36.55 35.76 2.2 40.01 39.39 1.57 54.02 54.13 0.2 34 31.31 8.59 36 35.07 2.66 39.67 38.47 3.12 41.4 43.31 4.41 56.6 37.42 51.28 31.9 32.21 0.95 33.8 34.49 2.01 35.7 38.16 6.45 42.64 42.02 1.47 55.28 49.22 12.31 32.48 32.19 0.88 32.68 32.7 0.06 32.88 32.56 0.97 37.82 43.78 13.6 41.74 49.39 15.5 31.96 34.63 7.71 32.93 35.85 8.13 34.89 35.93 2.89

6.56


7.68

Validasi (pukul 11.30) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 72.73 64.31 13.1 92.08 84.06 9.54 38.39 40.16 4.41 45.81 43.07 6.35 55.13 51.89 6.25 56.19 61.45 8.57 88.43 84.6 4.54 37.37 38 1.64 40.06 45 10.97 45.44 50.73 10.43 53.53 52.47 2.02 85.82 82.16 4.45 34.69 39.56 12.3 40.07 49.23 18.6 46.68 56.67 17.64 54.09 52.61 2.82 63.3 58.6 8.01 35.68 38.36 6.97 39.36 42.06 6.41 41.21 46.48 11.34 53.74 30.8 74.46 70.04 70.38 0.49 37.43 39.85 6.07 39.04 40.6 3.86 40.15 40.79 1.58 55.61 56.69 1.9 62.55 66.95 6.58 36.17 38.57 6.24 37.55 42.77 12.2 40.33 46.63 13.5

9.77

69

Lanjutan Lampiran 6b. β =45 Kolektor

Cover 100%

Cover 80%

Cover 60%

Cover 40%

Cover 20%

Cover 0%


Validasi (pukul 09.00) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 56.26 53.49 5.19 74.2 69.52 6.73 34.44 36.86 6.57 41.12 39.7 3.55 49.31 43.85 12.44 47.89 52.55 8.87 67.19 68.26 1.56 35.83 36.81 2.67 40.65 40.98 0.81 44.09 44.36 0.61 46.49 54.35 14.47 67.22 70.5 4.65 35.83 37.3 3.94 40.66 42.74 4.87 46.08 45.81 0.59 47.8 57.36 16.67 59.79 64.81 7.75 35.8 38.36 6.67 38.2 40.47 5.61 43.93 45.98 4.44 46.76 50.26 6.96 62.53 59.65 4.82 35.5 35.38 0.36 37.76 40.6 7.01 40.01 41.88 4.48 45.74 49.73 8.04 50.56 48.42 4.43 32.84 34.63 5.15 36.53 37.83 3.45 38.37 40.79 5.94 5.64

Validasi (pukul 12.00) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 64.45 61.93 4.08 92.72 83.96 10.43 43.7 43.3 0.93 51.76 49.02 5.59 64.59 54.67 18.15 60.99 59.57 2.38 82.49 83.7 1.45 43.07 46.7 7.78 50.24 55.24 9.06 54.95 56.75 3.17 60.69 59.9 1.31 82.96 81.77 1.45 39.44 40.34 2.23 46.52 49.62 6.25 54.8 55.3 0.91 59.52 58.35 2 69.64 72.58 4.05 39.27 41.23 4.75 42.65 43.16 1.18 49.39 49.28 0.23 50.65 55.83 3.66 65.53 66.84 0.93 37.46 39.05 4.07 42.66 41.59 2.57 42.87 41.98 2.1 58.14 54.7 6.3 62.42 62.08 0.56 38.95 39.56 1.55 39.29 43.77 10.23 49.31 45.66 8 4.25

Validasi (pukul 13.30) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 67.67 57.95 16.77 90.57 76.45 18.48 40.05 40.53 1.17 47.29 44.86 5.42 57.83 50.2 15.19 55.85 56.21 0.64 82.78 79.74 3.81 37.89 39.97 5.21 43.88 45.73 4.06 46.87 49.81 5.91 55.57 57.33 3.06 73.29 72.36 1.29 40.81 41.13 0.78 43.76 48.15 9.11 48.87 52.37 6.69 54.41 56.17 3.13 66.61 67.19 0.87 39.78 42.42 6.24 42.22 44.55 5.24 49.78 50.28 1 53.32 46.49 4.83 61.22 56.9 3.06 34.97 34.66 0.91 35.05 34.28 2.23 37.84 34.54 9.54 53.11 51.72 2.69 58.14 60.12 3.29 38.96 37.59 3.65 40.99 41.79 1.91 45.05 45.66 1.33 4.92

70

Lanjutan Lampiran 6b.

Kolektor

Cover 100%

Cover 80%

Cover 60%

Cover 40%

Cover 20%

Cover 0%


Validasi (pukul 08.45) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 46.11 40.68 13.37 49.04 51.22 4.26 33.03 32.6 1.33 38.5 34.55 11.44 45.52 37.01 23 38.98 37.12 5 42.96 41.33 3.94 34.74 32.36 7.37 35.53 34.84 1.96 40.48 37.13 9.02 39.81 39.88 0.19 56.2 48.15 16.72 33.03 32.98 0.16 35.63 36.64 2.77 40.48 37.79 7.12 41.78 39.95 4.59 46.34 47.01 1.41 32.07 33.5 4.25 32.66 35.09 6.92 37.22 36.26 2.66 40.3 36.76 9.63 43.79 43.22 1.32 33.06 33.28 0.66 34.87 33.69 3.49 35.05 33.95 3.23 39.83 36.83 8.15 42.57 39.64 7.4 32.76 31.66 3.47 33.65 32.89 2.32 35.1 33.95 3.38

5.68

β =60 Validasi (pukul 12.30) T-CFD (°C) T-ukur (°C) Error (%) 44.41 43.36 2.43 51.47 53.2 3.25 38.53 36.07 6.83 39.9 37.62 6.06 42.26 40.18 5.17 40.09 40.28 0.48 44.76 43.01 4.08 33.55 35.23 4.76 37.91 37.81 0.26 41.18 40.7 1.19 39.93 43.45 8.1 49.61 49.13 0.99 31.33 35.24 11.1 35.63 38.12 6.53 38.86 38.77 0.22 42.56 42.22 0.79 50.82 48.38 5.05 33.26 34.78 4.37 35.33 35.79 1.28 38.43 36.96 3.98 40.12 38.15 5.17 45.46 44.79 1.5 33.84 30.97 9.28 35.86 34.98 2.54 37.87 36.63 3.41 39.07 41.79 6.52 44.87 45.49 1.36 33.16 33.64 1.42 36.87 36.84 0.08 38.97 37.84 3

3.71


2.98

71

Lampiran 6c. Validasi Kolektor Surya pada Berbagai Kemiringan. Kolektor Cover 100% Titik Suhu β =6

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

Data

Titik Suhu

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

62.40

3.24

45.03

4.34

56.26

T-ukur 53.49

APD

3.38

T-ukur 43.16

Error

30.28

T-ukur 60.44

Error

T2

T-ukur 31.34

Error

1

5.19

46.11

T-ukur 40.68

13.37

T3

34.21

33.62

1.76

85.86

84.16

2.02

55.12

52.81

4.39

74.20

69.52

6.73

49.04

51.22

4.26

T4

29.90

29.13

2.65

43.88

41.82

4.93

32.26

30.96

4.19

34.44

36.86

6.57

33.03

32.60

1.33

T5

30.80

29.65

3.88

47.08

47.33

0.54

34.39

32.67

5.27

41.12

39.70

3.55

38.50

34.55

11.44

T6

31.53

29.87

5.56

56.12

56.85

1.28

39.46

37.31

5.78

49.31

43.85

12.44

45.52

37.01

23.00

T2

67.94

67.49

0.67

66.00

65.90

0.16

44.49

43.95

1.23

64.45

61.93

4.08

44.41

43.36

2.43

T3

82.15

80.90

1.55

93.68

92.57

1.21

61.31

58.15

5.44

92.72

83.96

10.43

51.47

53.20

3.25

T4

45.02

45.48

1.03

41.72

40.03

4.23

31.91

31.36

1.75

43.70

43.30

0.93

38.53

36.07

6.83

T5

48.69

50.21

3.03

46.22

44.86

3.04

34.44

33.46

2.94

51.76

49.02

5.59

39.90

37.62

6.06

T6

56.03

56.25

0.39

54.01

53.18

1.57

39.97

36.81

8.58

64.59

54.67

18.15

42.26

40.18

5.17

T2

58.22

58.45

0.40

46.75

47.83

2.24

72.73

64.31

13.10

67.67

57.95

16.77

46.26

44.05

5.02

T3

68.97

66.65

3.47

50.29

50.33

0.08

92.08

84.06

9.54

90.57

76.45

18.48

51.14

52.91

3.34

T4

44.76

45.38

1.37

43.60

39.44

10.55

38.39

40.16

4.41

40.05

40.53

1.17

37.33

35.18

6.13

T5

47.45

48.32

1.80

46.26

44.76

3.35

45.81

43.07

6.35

47.29

44.86

5.42

39.11

37.52

4.24

T6

52.84

52.09

1.44

51.41

47.82

7.51

55.13

51.89

6.25

57.83

50.20

15.19

41.02

39.79

3.11

T-CFD

2

3

Error

rata-rata

2.16

3.06

5.57

8.71

6.60

R2

0.995

0.991

0.991

0.966

0.839

72

Lanjutan Lampiran 6c. Kolektor Cover 80% Data 1

2

3

Titik Suhu

Titik Suhu β =6

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

T-CFD

T-ukur

Error

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

62.35

1.79

39.58

4.79

47.89

8.87

38.98

T-ukur 37.12

Error

6.65

T-ukur 52.55

APD

31.90

T-ukur 41.57

Error

29.78

T-ukur 61.25

Error

T7 T8

34.55

0.14

82.84

81.13

2.11

45.64

43.51

4.92

67.19

68.26

1.56

42.96

41.33

3.94

T9

27.42

34.60 28.30

3.13

41.86

41.46

0.96

33.52

30.48

9.97

35.83

36.81

2.67

34.74

32.36

7.37

T10

28.55

29.60

3.52

43.79

43.06

1.68

35.39

33.33

6.19

40.65

40.98

0.81

35.53

34.84

1.96

T11

29.69

29.89

0.69

47.71

46.35

2.95

36.55

35.76

2.20

44.09

44.36

0.61

40.48

37.13

9.02

T7

63.02

64.02

1.57

63.11

65.11

3.07

43.64

43.35

0.67

60.99

59.57

2.38

40.09

40.28

0.48

T8

83.40

80.04

4.20

92.49

89.84

2.94

60.27

56.97

5.79

82.49

83.70

1.45

44.76

43.01

4.08 4.76

5.00

T9

46.40

46.50

0.23

37.01

38.89

4.82

33.66

32.75

2.78

43.07

46.70

7.78

33.55

35.23

T10

47.83

49.00

2.39

43.03

44.15

2.53

35.33

36.09

2.13

50.24

55.24

9.06

37.91

37.81

0.26

T11

49.16

50.01

1.70

49.06

48.03

2.14

40.31

38.24

5.43

54.95

56.75

3.17

41.18

40.70

1.19

T7

47.31

48.30

2.04

44.32

45.03

1.59

56.19

61.45

8.57

55.85

56.21

0.64

42.48

39.20

8.39

T8

68.60

68.06

0.79

51.54

48.75

5.71

88.43

84.60

4.54

82.78

79.74

3.81

44.65

42.52

5.02

T9

36.66

36.81

0.40

38.13

40.57

6.02

37.37

38.00

1.64

37.89

39.97

5.21

34.90

34.63

0.77

T10

41.98

43.56

3.61

43.99

44.84

1.91

40.06

45.00

10.97

43.88

45.73

4.06

37.07

37.32

0.67

T11

44.65

45.75

2.41

46.09

44.96

2.51

45.44

50.73

10.43

46.87

49.81

5.91

41.40

39.41

5.06

rata-rata

2.23

2.85

5.40

3.87

3.87

R2

0.996

0.991

0.953

0.981

0.855

73

Lanjutan Lampiran 6c. Kolektor Cover 60% Data

Titik Suhu

Titik Suhu β =6 T-CFD

1

2

3

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

40.01

1.57

46.49

14.47

39.81

T-ukur 39.88

Error

4.58

T-ukur 54.35

APD

56.59

T-ukur 39.39

Error

6.28

T-ukur 59.31

Error

29.39

T-ukur 31.36

Error

T12 T13

35.42

33.05

7.18

80.12

79.03

1.39

54.02

54.13

0.20

67.22

70.50

4.65

56.20

48.15

16.72

T14

27.30

27.68

1.37

38.94

37.59

3.59

34.00

31.31

8.59

35.83

37.30

3.94

33.03

32.98

0.16

T15

29.57

29.56

0.02

44.82

45.20

0.83

36.00

35.07

2.66

40.66

42.74

4.87

35.63

36.64

2.77

T16

30.02

30.26

0.77

47.77

46.30

3.16

39.67

38.47

3.12

46.08

45.81

0.59

40.48

37.79

7.12

T12

63.96

63.77

0.31

59.64

60.40

1.26

43.23

57.52

24.85

60.69

59.90

1.31

39.93

43.45

8.10

T13

73.95

70.20

5.34

92.42

90.40

2.24

60.88

81.77

25.55

82.96

81.77

1.45

49.61

49.13

0.99

T14

37.33

36.32

2.78

39.96

38.48

3.87

33.60

37.10

9.43

39.44

40.34

2.23

31.33

35.24

11.10

T15

43.99

44.71

1.61

46.52

46.38

0.31

35.21

41.17

14.47

46.52

49.62

6.25

35.63

38.12

6.53

T16

47.32

48.06

1.55

48.09

48.85

1.55

38.42

46.40

17.20

54.80

55.30

0.91

38.86

38.77

0.22

T12

52.15

53.06

1.72

42.77

43.65

0.62

53.53

52.47

2.02

55.57

57.33

3.06

41.29

42.16

2.07

T13

58.20

60.01

3.01

46.28

46.38

0.07

85.82

82.16

4.45

73.29

72.36

1.29

51.07

48.54

5.22

T14

39.32

43.38

9.36

34.88

35.73

2.39

34.69

39.56

12.30

40.81

41.13

0.78

35.58

36.32

2.03

T15

41.98

43.82

4.19

36.63

38.02

3.66

40.07

49.23

18.60

43.76

48.15

9.11

37.21

39.50

5.78

T16

44.65

45.03

0.85

39.10

38.38

1.88

46.68

56.67

17.64

48.87

52.37

6.69

39.66

40.24

1.44

0.19

rata-rata

3.09

2.09

10.84

4.11

4.70

R2

0.982

0.993

0.794

0.969

0.865

74


Titik Suhu


1

2

3

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

41.40

4.41

47.80

16.67

41.78

T-ukur 39.95

Error

1.98

T-ukur 57.36

APD

56.34

T-ukur 43.31

Error

6.55

T-ukur 59.14

Error

29.20

T-ukur 31.25

Error

T17 T18

34.49

34.13

1.06

79.59

81.16

1.11

56.60

37.42

51.28

59.79

64.81

7.75

46.34

47.01

1.41

T19

28.04

28.24

0.71

38.91

40.44

3.79

31.90

32.21

0.95

35.80

38.36

6.67

32.07

33.50

4.25

T20

28.04

28.52

1.68

44.72

45.45

1.61

33.80

34.49

2.01

38.20

40.47

5.61

32.66

35.09

6.92

T21

29.22

29.14

0.27

50.97

50.99

0.04

35.70

38.16

6.45

43.93

45.98

4.44

37.22

36.26

2.66

T17

57.45

62.30

7.78

62.49

64.08

2.49

43.03

36.78

16.97

59.52

58.35

2.00

42.56

42.22

0.79

T18

72.11

73.31

1.63

91.65

89.93

1.92

60.36

45.64

32.25

69.64

72.58

4.05

50.82

48.38

5.05

T19

36.93

36.87

0.17

39.81

39.25

1.43

33.58

33.69

0.35

39.27

41.23

4.75

33.26

34.78

4.37

T20

39.86

39.27

1.50

41.07

40.87

0.49

35.15

34.99

0.46

42.65

43.16

1.18

35.33

35.79

1.28

T21

42.80

42.67

0.30

46.29

46.78

1.04

36.73

37.66

2.48

49.39

49.28

0.23

38.43

36.96

3.98

T17

50.01

52.51

4.77

41.79

42.92

2.63

54.09

52.61

2.82

54.41

56.17

3.13

40.35

41.63

3.08

T18

58.01

58.70

1.17

49.58

49.02

1.15

63.30

58.60

8.01

66.61

67.19

0.87

47.55

48.38

1.70

T19

39.34

43.32

9.19

34.97

35.28

0.87

35.68

38.36

6.97

39.78

42.42

6.24

35.55

35.58

0.08

T20

43.77

43.06

1.65

37.90

36.88

2.75

39.36

42.06

6.41

42.22

44.55

5.24

37.15

37.48

0.88

T21

44.67

43.47

2.76

39.07

38.16

2.38

41.21

46.48

11.34

49.78

50.28

1.00

39.55

40.36

2.02

4.59

rata-rata

2.75

1.71

10.21

4.65

2.87

R2

0.984

0.994

0.773

0.946

0.946

75


Titik Suhu


1

2

3

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

42.64

1.47

46.76

6.96

40.30

T-ukur 36.76

Error

2.90

T-ukur 50.26

APD

39.45

T-ukur 42.02

Error

7.29

T-ukur 40.63

Error

29.53

T-ukur 27.52

Error

T22 T23

33.26

32.59

2.07

67.96

68.51

0.80

55.28

49.22

12.31

62.53

59.65

4.82

43.79

43.22

1.32

T24

26.85

27.40

2.01

38.80

32.48

35.50

35.38

0.36

33.06

33.28

0.66

27.41

3.35

41.60

3.42

32.68

32.19 32.70

0.88

T25

42.56 43.07

8.85

28.36

0.06

37.76

40.60

7.01

34.87

33.69

3.49

T26

28.53

28.89

1.24

44.39

43.67

1.66

32.88

32.56

0.97

40.01

41.88

4.48

35.05

33.95

3.23

T22

55.26

56.32

1.89

42.96

39.94

7.56

42.88

43.81

2.12

50.65

55.83

3.66

40.12

38.15

5.17

T23

64.37

68.51

6.04

73.82

75.01

1.59

56.87

50.11

13.50

65.53

66.84

0.93

45.46

44.79

1.50

T24

40.07

38.76

3.40

36.70

39.75

7.68

33.55

32.44

3.44

37.46

39.05

4.07

33.84

43.11

39.22

9.92

42.10

41.49

1.48

35.11

34.28

2.41

42.66

41.59

2.57

35.86

30.97 34.98

9.28

T25 T26

46.15

42.38

8.89

43.98

42.58

3.28

36.66

34.15

7.37

42.87

41.98

2.10

37.87

36.63

3.41

T22

52.99

50.26

5.43

39.54

37.65

5.00

53.74

30.80

74.46

53.32

46.49

4.83

38.08

37.16

2.50

T23

55.62

56.31

1.23

45.99

44.00

4.52

70.04

70.38

0.49

61.22

56.90

3.06

45.23

46.07

1.82

T24

39.87

42.00

5.07

35.85

32.77

9.39

37.43

39.85

6.07

34.97

34.66

0.91

35.45

33.93

4.48

T25

41.45

41.89

1.03

36.77

36.16

1.68

39.04

40.60

3.86

35.05

34.28

2.23

36.21

38.53

6.03

T26

42.50

42.08

0.98

39.06

37.12

5.21

40.15

40.79

1.58

37.84

34.54

9.54

39.22

39.31

0.23

9.63

2.54

rata-rata

3.99

4.33

8.73

3.83

3.69

R2

0.968

0.968

0.946

0.91

0.896

76


Titik Suhu


1

2

3

Titik Suhu β =15

Titik Suhu β =30

Titik Suhu β =45

Titik Suhu β =60

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

T-CFD

37.82

13.60

45.74

8.04

39.83

T-ukur 36.83

Error

2.60

T-ukur 49.73

APD

61.01

T-ukur 43.78

Error

0.36

T-ukur 62.64

Error

29.37

T-ukur 29.87

Error

T27 T28

30.16

31.83

1.18

66.85

66.95

0.16

41.74

49.39

15.50

50.56

48.42

4.43

42.57

39.64

7.40

T29

27.12

27.72

2.15

37.47

38.57

2.86

31.96

34.63

7.71

32.84

34.63

5.15

32.76

31.66

3.47

T30

27.93

28.93

3.44

41.89

45.74

8.43

32.93

35.85

8.13

36.53

37.83

3.45

33.65

32.89

2.32

T31

28.47

30.09

5.37

46.87

47.60

1.54

34.89

35.93

2.89

38.37

40.79

5.94

35.10

33.95

3.38

T27

55.04

61.65

10.72

57.04

57.68

1.11

41.99

43.78

4.09

58.14

54.70

6.30

39.07

41.79

6.52

T28

61.52

65.98

6.76

62.80

61.10

2.78

46.42

47.44

2.15

62.42

62.08

0.56

44.87

45.49

1.36

T29

37.24

36.60

1.74

39.76

39.56

0.50

34.22

33.64

1.73

38.95

39.56

1.55

33.16

33.64

1.42

T30

40.47

39.81

1.67

44.64

47.72

6.47

35.33

37.83

6.60

39.29

43.77

10.23

36.87

36.84

0.08

T31

45.33

47.60

4.77

45.52

43.71

4.14

36.44

38.85

6.20

49.31

45.66

8.00

38.97

37.84

3.00

T27

49.11

49.73

1.26

40.94

40.80

0.34

55.61

56.69

1.90

53.11

51.72

2.69

41.12

40.80

0.80

T28

52.47

51.34

2.18

42.39

40.61

4.37

62.55

66.95

6.58

58.14

60.12

3.29

43.81

43.54

0.63

T29

37.36

41.54

10.06

34.93

35.61

1.93

36.17

38.57

6.24

38.96

37.59

3.65

34.85

35.61

2.15

T30

42.39

41.79

1.45

36.31

37.83

4.01

37.55

42.77

12.20

40.99

41.79

1.91

36.64

37.83

3.15

T31

44.07

42.74

3.12

36.78

37.87

2.90

40.33

46.63

13.50

45.05

45.66

1.33

38.43

37.84

1.58

8.15

rata-rata

3.75

2.94

7.27

4.43

3.03

R2

0.966

0.975

0.935

0.929

0.863

77

Lampiran 7. Validasi Laju Aliran Massa Kolektor Surya Tipe Backpass. β=6

11 April 2012, pukul 08.00 WIB



m-CFD (kg/s)

m-ukur (kg/s)

Error (%)

m-CFD (kg/s)

m-ukur (kg/s)

Error (%)

m-CFD (kg/s)

m-ukur (kg/s)

Error (%)

cover 100%

0.002455564

0.00181

35.67

0.003260184

0.0039

16.41

0.003099771

0.00348

10.93

cover 80%

0.002104428

0.00182

15.63

0.0033895

0.0034

0.31

0.002990101

0.00285

4.92

cover 60%

0.003037489

0.0019

59.87

0.002982332

0.0032

6.8

0.002910779

0.0028

3.96

cover 40%

0.001912341

0.00164

16.61

0.002711217

0.0026

4.28

0.002528941

0.00256

1.21

cover 20%

0.002313318

0.00157

47.35

0.002313318

0.00256

9.64

0.002474957

0.00236

4.87

cover 0%

0.003095568

0.00186

66.43

0.002992326

0.00317

5.6

0.002490418

0.00246

1.24

rata-rata

7.173333

4.521667

4 April 2012, pukul 10.00 WIB Error (%) m-CFD (kg/s) m-ukur (kg/s)



cover 100%

0.006643605

0.00564

17.79

0.007512418

0.00547

37.34

0.005707612

0.00503

13.47

cover 80%

0.0063842

0.00395

61.63

0.006511295

0.00469

38.83

0.005555631

0.00453

22.64

cover 60%

0.00628535

0.0039

61.16

0.005809256

0.0048

21.03

0.005480897

0.003

82.7

cover 40%

0.006473658

0.00482

34.31

0.005945478

0.00447

33.01

0.005500896

0.0029

89.69

cover 20%

0.006190586

0.00331

87.03

0.00616548

0.00357

72.7

0.005005953

0.00253

97.86

cover 0% rata-rata

0.005946256

0.00421

41.24

0.006007535

0.00384

56.45

0.005449076

0.0028

β=15

40.26

50.52667

43.22667

94.61

66.82833

78

Lanjutan Lampiran 7. 5 April 2012, pukul 08.45 WIB Error (%) m-CFD (kg/s) m-ukur (kg/s)



cover 100%

0.006147875

0.00455

35.12

0.006052112

0.00515

17.52

0.007153428

0.00722

0.92

cover 80%

0.005325842

0.00386

37.98

0.005958479

0.00563

5.83

0.006702222

0.00576

16.36

cover 60%

0.005275358

0.005

5.51

0.006261876

0.0076

17.61

0.006814169

0.0072

1.34

cover 40%

0.00599705

0.00488

22.89

0.006052429

0.00544

11.26

0.007083522

0.00718

5.1

cover 20%

0.00543865

0.00152

257.81

0.006021687

0.00407

47.95

0.0068684

0.00576

19.24

cover 0% rata-rata

0.00486435

0.00394

23.46

0.006155426

0.00582

5.76

0.007233959

0.00722

0.19

β=30

β=45

63.795

17.655

7.191667




cover 100%

0.008412639

0.00815

3.22

0.01043173

0.00936

11.45

cover 80%

0.008106926

0.00887

8.61

0.009602953

0.00978

cover 60%

0.008978348

0.0088

8.3

0.009890385

0.0095

cover 40%

0.00806903

0.0087

3.2

0.0083426

cover 20%

0.008918346

0.00757

17.81

cover 0% rata-rata

0.00879053

0.00722

21.75

10.48167

0.008965681

0.0089

0.74

1.81

0.00902959

0.00881

2.49

4.11

0.009290987

0.0094

1.16

0.0081

3

0.01021657

0.01115

8.35

0.008550399

0.00565

51.33

0.010126404

0.0186

45.56

0.010143686

0.00703

44.29

0.00943124

0.00772

19.33167

22.17

13.41167

79

Lanjutan Lampiran 7. 10 April 2012, pukul 08.45 WIB Error (%) m-CFD (kg/s) m-ukur (kg/s)



cover 100%

0.007275935

0.00778

6.48

0.007730474

0.00733

5.46

0.007877647

0.00879

10.38

cover 80%

0.007511911

0.00782

3.94

0.00728758

0.00754

3.35

0.008519951

0.00601

41.76

cover 60%

0.007619577

0.0081

5.93

0.007303562

0.0067

9.01

0.008672546

0.0064

35.51

cover 40%

0.007364866

0.00747

1.41

0.007203035

0.0058

24.19

0.0083052

0.00648

28.17

cover 20%

0.007485125

0.0064

16.96

0.0073115

0.00561

30.33

0.008449685

0.00595

42.01

cover 0% rata-rata

0.007350777

0.0064

14.86

0.007178274

0.00626

14.67

0.008376367

0.00511

63.92

β=60

8.263333

14.50167

36.95833

80

Lampiran 8. Validasi Suhu pada Kotak Pengering. koordinat

Titik Suhu

pukul 09.00

pukul 12.00

pukul 15.00

Validasi

Validasi

Validasi

x

y

z

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

Error (%)

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

Error (%)

T-CFD (°C)

T-ukur (°C)

Error (%)

T2

0.15

-0.64

1.285

54.33

54.1

0.42

60.67

60.2

0.78

48.36

48.8

0.91

T3

0.15

-0.096

0.733

70.96

75.1

5.84

90.05

89.3

0.84

59.27

66.5

10.87

T4

0.15

-0.66

1.26

37.5

37

1.34

36.95

38.8

5.02

38.7

37.6

2.93

T5

0.15

-0.59

1.19

41.25

41.3

0.12

45.26

45.3

0.09

40.35

39.9

1.13

T6

0.15

-0.53

1.13

46.4

46.4

0

50.75

51.1

0.7

40.35

40.9

1.34

T7

0.15

-0.222

0.833

48.8

48.6

0.41

53.78

53.2

1.09

40.85

40.8

0.13

T8

0.15

-0.31

0.92

49.21

49

0.43

56.73

56.6

0.22

46.96

47.2

0.51

T9

0.15

-0.11

0.72

49.34

49.1

0.48

56.95

56.6

0.61

46.96

47.4

0.93

T10

0.15

-0.026

0.627

49.62

49.5

0.24

57.34

56.9

0.77

47.96

47.8

0.33

T11

0.15

0.055

0.34

46.5

46.5

0

52.23

52

0.43

45.31

45

0.67

T12

0.15

0.055

0.55

44.77

44.7

0.17

52.23

51

2.35

45.31

44.6

1.56

T13

0.15

0.114

0.343

46.5

47.5

2.15

52.23

52.4

0.34

46.96

46.4

1.19

T14

0.15

0.114

0.559

46.5

46.3

0.43

47.28

47.2

0.17

46.96

48.5

3.29

T15

0.15

0.174

0.339

49.21

49.2

0.02

55.86

56.2

0.62

46.96

46

2.04

T16

0.15

0.174

0.559

46.5

47.8

2.79

55.86

55

1.53

46.96

45.9

2.25

T17

0.15

0.228

0.341

49.21

48.6

1.24

52.23

53.2

1.87

45.31

46.7

3.08

T18

0.15

0.224

0.569

46.5

47.8

2.79

46.96

54.3

15.64

46.96

47.6

1.37

T19

0.15

0.286

0.345

49.21

47.5

3.48

47.28

47.4

0.25

46.96

47.6

1.37

T20

0.15

0.286

0.571

44.77

45.6

1.84

47.28

46.9

0.81

46.96

48

2.22

T21

0.15

0.3

0.441

49.21

48.7

1.04

48.98

49.3

0.65

46.96

48.1

2.43

Rata-rata

1.261

1.739

2.02

81

2. h rc = V angin = 1

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