BIOFUEL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI MASA DEPAN
Seminar “Geothermal dan Biofuel sebagai Sumber Energi Masa Depan, Terbarukan, dan Ramah Lingkungan” IMAM PARYANTO Balai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi (Engineering Center – BPPT) Alamat : BRDST Gedung 480 Kawasam PUSPIPTEK Serpong BPPT Gedung 1 Lantai 6, JL. M.H. Thamrin No 8 Jakarta 10340, Indonesia Telp. : 62-21-3915536/37, Fax. : 62-21-3915535 Email address:
[email protected]
1. PENDAHULUAN
Problem BBM dan Lingkungan
POTENSI ENERGI NASIONAL (2004) ENERGI FOSIL
963% kebutuhan energy tergantung dari minyak bumi 9Cadangan energi fosil terbatas SKEM A M ODEL PENGUSAHAAN PANAS BUM I 940% konsumsi minyak diesel dipenuhi dari impor 9Kenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia Memiliki sumber hayati sebagai bahan baku BBN yang berlimpah
Data-data Litbang
Kebijakan Pemerintah yang Mendukung
9Pencemaran udara telah mencapai tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan 9Adanya standar emisi internasional (Euro)
Modifikasi mesin Memperbaiki kualitas bahan bakar
Memproduksi Biofuel dari sumber minyak hayati merupakan salah satu solusi permasalahan di atas dari sisi Supply, Perbaikan kualitas udara dan penciptaan ekonomi kerakyatan
SUMBER
(PROVEN + POSSIBLE)
PRODUKSI (per tahun)
RASIO CAD/PROD (TAHUN) (tanpa ekslorasi)
CADANGAN
OIL
86,9 billion barel
9 billion barel
500 million barel
18
Gas
384.7 TSCF
188 TSCF
3.0 TSCF
62
COAL
57 billion ton
19,3 billion ton
130 billion ton
147
SUMBER
SETARA
PEMANFAATAN
KAPASITAS TERPASANG
Hydro Power
845,00 juta BOE
75,67 GW
6.851,00 GWh
4.200,00 MW
Geothermal
219,00 juta BOE
27,00 GW
2.593,50 GWh
800,00 MW
458,75 MW
458,75 MW
84,00 MW
49,81 GW
302,40 MW
ENERGI NON-FOSIL
Mini/Micro hydro Biomass Solar Power
4,80 kWh/m2/hari
8,00 MW
Wind Power
9,29 GW
0,50 MW
Uranium (Nuclear)
24.112 Ton*
* Only in Kalan – Kalbar area
3 GW u/ 11 tahun Sumber : Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, ESDM
BIOFUEL ?
KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR 2007 (Data Pertamina) FUEL I.
Subsidized Fuel 1 Gasoline (premium) 2 Kerosene 3 HSD (ADO)
II. Non-subsidized Fuel 1 Gasoline (Premium) 2 Kerosene 3 ADO 4 MDF (IDO) 5 MFO 6 Avgas 7 Avtur
VOLUME Kilo Liter 38,665,397 17,929,843 9,851,814 10,883,740 23,640,400 249,448 46,674 14,649,151 269,466 5,136,408 2,163 2,520,040
8 Gasoline RON 91
482,240
9 Gasoline RON 95
158,070
10 ADO CN 51 TOTAL
Estimasi Kebutuhan Biodiesel 2009 (Permen ESDM 32/2008)
126,740 62,305,797
Source: APROBI, 2008
• Biofuel = bahan bakar nabati • Merupakan bahan bakar alternatif bagi bahan bakar fossil, yang diproduksi dari bahan baku yang bersumber dari tanaman • Merupakan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan dan terbarukan • Yaitu : • biodiesel (alternatif untuk minyak diesel/solar), • biethanol (alternatif untuk premium/bensin), • bio-oil atau pure plant oil - PPO (alternatif minyak bakar)
National Energy MIX
BIOFUEL FOR FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010)
Targeted Energy MIX 2025#
FUEL TRANSPORTATION (31,7 Million kL)
Biofuel 5%
ELECTRICITY (7,6 Million kL)
Coal 33%
KEROSENE (10 Million kL)
Nuclear
Energy MIX 2003 3,8 Million kL PREMIUM (18,529Million kL)
ADO/”SOLAR” (12,4 Million kL)
1,85 Million kL
BIOETANOL
1,24 Million kL
BIODIESEL
4,8 Million kL
Gas 26.5%
MOLASSES 600 Million tons
PALM OIL 30,2 Million tons
Coal 14.1%
BIO OIL
JATROPHA OIL 3,84 MIllion tons
Geo thermal 1.4%
Gas 30%
Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Liq. Coal
Oil 20%
Others 0.2% Oil 54.4%
RAW MATERIAL CASSAVA 11 Million tons
Others 7%
Hydro 3.4%
1 Million kL
Geo thermal 5%
#Peraturan
Presiden No. 5/2006
Biofuel will have minimum 5% share of total National Energy MIX 2025
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG BIOFUEL •
25 Januari 2006, Peraturan Pemerintah (No.5 / 2006) tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional (No. 5/ 2006)
•
25 Januari 2006, Instruksi Presiden (No.1 /2006) tentang Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Biofuel sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
•
22 Februari 2006, Keputusan Kepala BSN (No. 73/KEP/BSN/2/2006) tentang Penetapan SNI Biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006
•
17 Maret 2006, Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang Kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51 ¾ Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
•
20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di Jakarta ¾ Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar
•
26 September 2008, Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008 tentang Penyediaan, Pemanfaatan dan Tata niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
•
23 October 2009, Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyak tertentu
PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO.5/2006 Untuk mencapai target ENERGY MIX 2025, dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006 telah ditetapkan serangkaian kebijakan utama dan pendukung sebagai berikut: Kebijakan Utama, meliputi 1. Penyediaan energi melalui: - Penjaminan ketersediaan pasokan energi dalam negeri - Pengoptimalan produksi energi - Pelaksanaan konservasi energi 2. Pemanfaatan energi melalui: - Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi - Diversifikasi energi 3. Penetapan kebijakan harga energi ke arah harga keekonomian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan kemampuan usaha kecil dan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam jangka waktu tertentu. 4. Pelestarian lingkungan dengan menerapkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan Kebijakan Pendukung meliputi: 1.Pengembangan infrastruktur energi termasuk peningkatan akses konsumen terhadap energi 2.Kemitraan pemerintah dan dunia usaha 3.Pemberdayaan masyarakat 4.Pengembangan penelitian dan pengembangan serta pendidikan dan pelatihan Selain itu pemerintah juga dapat memberikan kemudahan dan insentif kepada pelaksana konservasi energi dan pengembang sumber energi alternatif tertentu. Dengan demikian, Perpres No. 5/2006 menjadi dasar pola pengembangan energi nasional untuk mengamankan pasokan energi dalam negeri
INPRES NO.1 Tahun 2006 : Percepatan “Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Bahan Bakar
FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008
Nabati (Biofuel) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain” October Desember 2008
January 2009
January 2010
January 2015**
January 2020**
January 2025**
-
-
-
-
-
-
1% (existing)
1%
2,5 %
5%
10 %
20 %
Transportation Non PSO
-
1%
3%
7%
10 %
20 %
Industry and commercial
2,5 %
2,5 %
5%
10 %
15 %
20 %
* From total demand
0,1 %
0,25 %
1%
10 %
15 %
20 %
* From total demand
Sector
Menginstruksikan dan memberi tugas yang spesifik sesuai dengan tupoksi-nya kepada : 1. Menko Perekonomian 2. Menteri ESDM 3. Menteri Pertanian 4. Menteri Kehutanan 5. Menteri Perindustrian 6. Menteri Perdagangan 7. Menteri Perhubungan 8. Meneg Ristek 9. Meneg Koperasi 10. Meneg BUMN 11. Menteri Dalam Negeri 12. Menteri Keuangan 13. Menteri LH 14. Gubernur 15. Bupati dan Walikota Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi : Mengembangkan teknologi, memberi saran aplikasi pemanfaatan teknologi penyediaan dan pengolahan, distribusi bahan baku serta pemanfaatan bahan bakar nabati (biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain.
Household Transportation PSO
Power Plant
** Based on specification and domestic need
remark
Not regulated * From total demand
Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyak tertentu
• Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu yang selanjutnya disebut Jenis BBM Tertentu adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dan/atau diolah dari Minyak Bumi dan/atau bahan bakar yang; berasal dan/atau diolah dari Minyak Bumi yang telah dicampurkan dengan Bahan Bakar Nabati iBiotucl) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain dengan jenis, standar dan mutu (spesifikasi), harga, volume) dan konsumen tertentu. • Dalam rangka penyediaan dan pendistribusian jenis HEM Tertentu, Badan Usaha yang mendapatkan penugasan pcnyediaaan dan pendistribusian jenis BBM Tertentu wajib mencampurkan BBN yang dilaksanakan sccara bertahap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. • Badan Usaha dalam melakukan pencampuran BBN sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memanfaatkan dan mengutamakan produksi BBN dalam negeri.
2. CASE : BIODIESEL
BIODIESEL ? • Bahan bakar alternatif minyak diesel/solar yang ramah lingkungan • Digunakan untuk mesin diesel • Secara kimia merupakan methyl ester yang terbuat dari minyak atau lemak nabati yang direaksikan dengan methanol • Produk yang sudah ada di pasaran : BIOSOLAR dari Pertamina, merupakan campuran Biodiesel 2.5 % dan Solar 97.5 % (B2.5)
Roadmap Teknologi Biodiesel (sesuai Perpres No. 5 tahun 2006)
Year Market
2005 - 2009
2010 -2015
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel Sebesar 2% Konsumsi Solar 720.000 kL
2016 - 2025
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel Sebesar 3% Konsumsi Solar 1.5 juta kL
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel Sebesar 5% Konsumsi Solar 4.7 juta kL
STANDARD BIODIESEL NASIONAL
Product
Biodiesel Sawit & Jarak Pagar
Technology
Commercial Plant Kapasitas 30.000 s/d 100.000 Ton/tahun
R&D
Biodiesel dari minyak sawit, jarak pagar & tumbuhan lain
Teknologi Blending, (bio-) teknologi (ekses) gliserin
High/superior performance Biodiesel (angka setan tinggi, titik tuang rendah)
Biodiesel Sawit, Jarak Pagar, Tumbuhan lain. Etanol dari (ekses) gliserin
“High Performance Biodiesel Product Commercial Plant”
Commercial Plant Kapasitas > 100.000 Ton/tahun
Test Property, Performance & standarisasi
Plant Desain Enjiniring Test Property, Performan ce Dan standarisa si
Optimasi & Modifikasi Desain plant Teknologi Pembuatan aditif
Sumber : ESDM, 2005
Syarat mutu biodiesel ester alkil No Parameter 1 Massa jenis pada 40 °C, kg/m3 2 Viskositas kinematik pd 40 °C, mm2/s (cSt) 3 Angka setana 4 Titik nyala (mangkok tertutup), °C 5 Titik kabut,°C 6 Korosi lempeng tembaga (3 jam pada 50 °C) 7 Residu karbon %-massa - dalam contoh asli, atau - dalam 10 % ampas distilasi 8 Air dan sedimen, %-vol. 9 Temperatur distilasi 90 %, °C 10 Abu tersulfatkan, %-massa 11Belerang, ppm-m (mg/kg) 12 Fosfor, ppm-m (mg/kg) 13 Angka asam, mg-KOH/g 14 Gliserol bebas, %-massa 15 Gliserol total, %-massa 16 Kadar ester alkil, %-massa 17 Angka iodium %-massa (g-I2/100 g) 18 Uji Halphen
Satuan Nilai 850 – 890 2,3 – 6,0 min. 51 min. 100 maks. 18 maks. no 3
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL SNI 04-7182-2006
maks 0,05 maks. 0,30 maks. 0,05* maks. 360 maks.0,02 maks. 100 maks. 10 maks.0,8 maks. 0,02 maks. 0,24 min. 96,5 maks. 115 Negatif
* Catatan : dapat diuji terpisah dengan ketentuan kandungan sedimen maksimum 0.01 %-vol
PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL KE SOLAR ¾ Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51 Æ Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
BIOSOLAR PERTAMINA ¾ Target PERTAMINA secara bertahap mensubstitusi solar dengan biodiesel, khususnya sektor transportasi ¾ 20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di Jakarta ¾ Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar
KEUNTUNGAN BIODIESEL
BIOFUEL SELLING PROGRESS (Source: Pertamina)
Denpasar Bio Solar : 11 SPBU Volume ± 2.100 KL / bln Bio Pertamax : 11 SPBU Volume ± 200 KL / bln
Sumber energi yang terbarukan (non fossil) Ramah lingkungan : Free sulfur Emisi rendah (COx, Particulate Matter, HC) Cetane number tinggi (BDF : > 51 , Solar = 48) Efek pelumasan Tidak memerlukan modifikasi mesin Dapat menggunakan infrastruktur distribusi yang ada (pom bensin) Dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar langsung maupun campuran (B-XX) Tinggal tuang…
Jakarta & sekitarnya Bio Solar : 205 SPBU Volume ± 4.300 KL / bln Bio Pertamax : 20 SPBU Volume ± 1.100 KL / bln
Surabaya Bio Solar : 12 SPBU Volume ± 1.600 KL / bln Bio Pertamax : 5 SPBU Volume ± 296 KL / bln
Total keseluruhan:
Malang
Bio Solar : 228 SPBU Vol : ± 46.700 KL/bln
Bio Premium : 1 SPBU Volume ± 310 KL / bln
Bio Premium : 1 SPBU Vol : ± 310 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 4 SPBU Volume ± 55 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 40 SPBU Vol : ± 1.651 KL / bln
Emisi
B20
B100
Karbon monoksida (CO) Hidrokarbon (HC)
- 12 %
- 47 %
- 20 %
- 67 %
Partikulat (SPM)
- 12 %
- 48 %
Note : Penurunan dibandingkan emisi solar
CHALLENGES 1. Increasing variety in feedstock availability 2. Increasing efficiency in process technology 3. Improvement parameters for Biofuel quality 4. Accelerating production development 5. Broad variety in different marketing strategy 6. Challenges for further engine warranties 7. Solid legal framework in pushing the markets 8. Broadening information basis and easier access
3. BIODIESEL PLANT TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
State of the Art of Biodiesel Production Acid Catalyst (Esterification)
Catalytic • •
Alkaline Catalyst (Transesterification)
Low Pressure Low Temperature
Biocatalyst
Non-Catalytic
Low Pressure, High Temperature (Bubble Column Reactor)
High Pressure, High Temperature (Supercritical methanol)
Technology and Plant Capacity Selection, depend on: • Plant location • Availability and characteristic of raw material • Local fuel demand • Human resources level Local content • Local industries capability
ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL
SITE SPECIFIC • Big country with more than 17.000 islands • Different type of soil Æ Special region with special plant oil, for example : • Sumatera Æ suitable for CPO • Nusa Tenggara Æ suitable for Jatropha • Maluku Æ coconut oil • Every region need Fuels • The geography makes the fuel distribution in Indonesia is highly site specific Security supply for every region
Name
Latin name
Oil Source
Content, %-b kr
P / NP NP
Jarak pagar
Jatropha curcas
Inti biji
40 – 60
Sawit
Elais guineensis
Sabut + dg buah
45-70 + 46-54
P
Kapok/randu
Ceiba pentandra
Biji
24 – 40
NP
Kelapa
Cocos nucifera
Daging buah
60 – 70
P
Kecipir
Psophocarpus tetrag.
Biji
15 – 20
P
Kelor
Moringa oleifera
Biji
30 – 49
P
Kusambi
Sleichera trijuga
Daging biji
55 – 70
NP
Nimba
Azadirachta indica
Daging biji
40 – 50
NP
Saga utan
Adenanthera pavonina
Inti biji
14 – 28
P
Akar kepayang
Hodgsonia macrocarpa
Biji
≈ 65
P
Gatep pait
Samadera indica
Biji
≈ 35
NP
Kepoh
Sterculia foetida
Inti biji
45 – 55
NP
Ketiau
Madhuca mottleyana
Inti biji
50 – 57
P
Nyamplung
Callophyllum inophyllum
Inti biji
40 – 73
NP
Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)
ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL Name
Latin name
Oil Source
Content, %-b kr
P / NP
(CURRENTLY USED) BIODIESEL RAW MATERIAL IN INDONESIA
Randu alas
Bombax malabaricum
Biji
18 – 26
NP
Seminai
Madhuca utilis
Inti biji
50 – 57
P
Siur (-siur)
Xanthophyllum lanceatum
Biji
35 – 40
P
1.
Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Olein (PFAD)/cooking oil Used Cooking Oil
No
Oil
Tengkawang. Terindak
Isoptera borneensis
Inti biji
45 – 70
P
2.
Bidaro
Ximenia Americana
Inti biji
49 – 61
NP
3.
Standard CPO
Est. Quantity (Ton/yr)
Remark
4.000.000 20.000
0.5 % cooking oil
18.000.000
Bintaro
Cerbera manghas/odollam
Biji
43 – 64
NP
4.
Off grade CPO (CPO pond)
108.000
0.6% CPO standard
Bulangan
Gmelina asiatica
Biji
?
NP
5.
Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD)
200.000
5% cooking oil
Cerakin/Kroton
Croton tiglium
Inti biji
50 – 60
NP
6.
Jatropha Curcas
Kampis
Hernandia peltata
Biji
?
NP
Kemiri cina
Aleurites trisperma
Inti biji
?
NP
Nagasari (gede)
Mesua ferrea
Biji
35 – 50
NP
Sirsak
Annona muricata
Inti biji
20 – 30
NP
Srikaya
Annona squamosa
Biji
15 – 20
NP
Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)
1.875.000
1.5 million ha in 2010, 5 ton seed/ha/yr, 25% rendement
Jatropha Curcas L CPO Pond Palm
COMPARISON OF SMALL BATCH AND BIG CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PLANT • Production Scale (MITTELBACH, 2004) : • Batch : 500 – 10.000 Ton/year • Continuous : ≥ 30.000 Ton/year Parameter Raw material flexibility
Small batch Flexible
Large continuous Fix
Cost investment
Low
High
Cost production
High
Low
Technology/Plant operation
Simple
Complex
I&C
Simple
Sophisticate
Manpower and product ratio
High
Low
Risk of product quality stability
high
Low
Local content
High
Low
BIODIESEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA : • CATALYTIC PROCESS (Low Pressure, Low Temperature) using Alkaline and Acid Catalyst • Basic Consideration : • Various grade of oil as the raw materials (batch process) • Plant location distribution • Availability raw material and fuel demand Æ site specific • Easier to be handled by operator on minimum requirement skill • Can be constructed in small up to medium capacity (< 15 ton/day) • High domestic local content
Existing installed capacity and technology status Institution/company
No
Location
APROBI list
Capacity (MT/yr) 2008
Technology
2009
1.588.300
2.521.000
200.000
200.000
300
1.000
1
Asian Agri Tbk
Dumai
2
Energi Alternatif Indonesia PT
Jakarta
3
Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk
Gresik & Cikupa
120.000
240.000
4
Darmex Biofuel PT.
Bekasi
150.000
150.000
5
Ganesha Energy Group
Medan
3.000
10.000
6
Indo Biofuels Energy PT.
Merak
60.000
160.000
7
Multikimia Intipelangi PT.
Bekasi
5.000
10.000
8
Musim Mas Group
Medan
50.000
350.000
9
Permata Hijau Group
Duri
200.000
200.000
10
Sumi Asih PT.
Bekasi & Lampung
100.000
200.000
11
Wilmar Group
Dumai
700.000
1.000.000
8.800
14.800
Institution and others
Ballestra Local Modification from Existing Chem. plant
Local NextGen
Modification from Existing Chem. plant Lurgy
12
Lemigas
Jakarta
2.500
2.500
Local
13
BPPT
Serpong
300
1.500
Local
14
ITB
Bandung
500
500
Local
15
RNI PT.
500
500
Local
16
PPKS
Medan
300
300
Local
17
Pemda Riau-BPPT
Kampar
3.000
3.000
Local
18
RAP PT.
Jakarta
500
500
Local
19
OKUT-Ristek-BPPT
South Sumatera
2.000
Local
20
Kotabaru-Ristek-BPPT
South Kalimantan
2.000
Local
21
Department of Industry
Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, NTT
2.000
Local
Source: Data from APROBI and Timnas BBM
1.200
4. BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT IN BRDST – BPPT
BRDST (Engineering Center) - BPPT
BPPT Ka. BPPT
• Balai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi (Engineering Center - BPPT) • Main Task and Function: To conduct development, services, and socialization on engineering design and system technology
PKT
INSPEK TORAT BPPT ENGINEE RING
TPSA
TAB
BUDAYA & DAYA DUKUNG INOVASI
TEK. INVENTRS SDA
TEKNOLOGI BUDAYA PERTANIAN
TEK. INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI
DIFUSI INOVASI
TEK. PENGEM SD LAHAN & WILAYAH
TEK. PENGOLAHA N HASIL PERTANIAN
TEK. MATERIAL KOMPOSIT & POLIMER
TEK. LINGKUNGAN
TEK. BIO INDUSTRI
TEK. SD ENERGI
SISTEM INOVASI DAERAH AUDITEK
TEK. PENGEM SD MINERAL
TEK. MEDIKA & FARMASI
• Main activities : • • • •
Research on Energy Field Process Design & Development Design & Engineering Promotion, Advocating, Socialization
TIEM
BALAI INKUBATOR
UPT MOD. CUACA BALAI TEKNOLOGI SURVEI BALAI TEK. LINGKUNGAN
BALAI BESAR TEKNOLOGI PATI BALAI BIOTEK
TEK. KONVERSI & KONSERVASI ENERGI
B2TE
BRDST
TIRBR
TEK. IND. PROSES
SEKR. UTAMA
RO-REN RO-SDMO
TEKNOLOGI MANUFAKTUR & OTOMASI SISTEM TRANSPORTA SI TEK. INDUSTRI HANKAM
B2TKS UPT LAGG BPPH
BALAI TEKNOLOGI POLIMER
BPDP
BALAI IPTEKNET
BALAI MEPPO
BALAI KERAMIK
BTMP
RO-KEU RO-UMUM PUSBINDIK LAT PUSDATIN
ORGANIZATION HISTORY
Organizational Structure
1993
P2R2B - BPIS
PRRB - BPPT
PLTGU Belawan 400 MW PLTU Paiton II 600 MW PLTGU Muara Tawar 400 MW Revitalisasi Sistem Catudaya Sentel Gambir .
Head EC – BPPT
1995
PLTN AP600 Westinghouse 600 MW PLTN Candu Canada 800 MW
Manager General Affair
2001 – Now
EC - BPPT
PLTD Kalimantan 7 x 1MW
Biodiesel plant 8 ton/hari, Riau
Bontang NGLfor Steel structure Eng.
Revitalisasi Jaringan Listrik Jawa timur - Bali
FEED LNG Tangguh Project – Bechtel Corp POWER PLANT AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES
1998 ENERGI
Manager Cooperation and Technical Services
Technical Group
PLTN AP1000 Westinghouse 1000 MW
Process design and mechanical equipment
Cogeneration Project Arun NGL 15 MW
Piping
PIM2 Utility and Amonia Plant POWER PLANT, PROCESS INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AND AGROINDUSTRY
Electrical and I&C
Civil structure & architecture
R&D ÆLab Scale ÆPrototype ÆPilot/Demo Plant Æ commercial R&D
Coordination
Technical services
Laboratory team
Manager Technical development
RECENT & FUTURE ACTIVITIES
FACILITIES • • • • •
Chemical Laboratory Pilot Plant Biodiesel Engineering Room Workshop Software • • • • • • • • • •
Plant Design System Isogen Pro II X-Steel Staad Pro Microstation Cesar APV Simplicity HMI Scada Etc.
• Biodiesel commercial plant • Integrated CPO mill and Biodiesel plant • Glycerol Plant for other product • Biomass Power Plant from Palm Oil Residue • Bio-ethanol Plant, detail engineering • Grid Operation Supporting System for small scale and remote power plant • Steam Power Plant, 2 x 7 MW Sangatta, detail engineering • Nuclear Power Plant, AP600/1000 MW, Westinghouse USA, Detail Engineering • Biodiesel Analysis • Etc.
Refining and Processing Technology (Engineering Center – BPPT) 2002
2001
Lab scale biodiesel production (400 L)
QUALITY PRODUCT TESTING (Engineering Center – BPPT) 2003
2001
PRODUCTION AND PROCESS OPTIMATION
Engineering design and fabrication of 1.5 ton/day capacity biodiesel plant (Modularised, skid mounted and movable)
2006 2006
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION TEST
Variation of raw material: CPO standard (FFA < 5 %) CPO off grade (FFA 5-20%) Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %) PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %) RBDPO RBDPS Used Cooking Oil Jatropha Oil
COMMERCIAL
2004
ROAD TEST
PRODUK MEET NATIONAL STANDARD
PERFORMANCE TEST
2005 2002
Source : Lurgi
Basic Design and Engineering of Biodiesel Plant Cap. 30.000 ton/year
EPC of Biodiesel Pilot Plant l Capacity of 3 ton/day
EPC of Biodiesel Pilot, Capacity of 8 ton/hari
2005
SOCIALIZATION
EC - BPPT’S CURRENT BIODIESEL PROCESSING
• From Laboratory works and calculation • Product :
Methanol Catalyst
Plant Oil
• Process Flow diagram • Mass & Heat balance Preparation
Trans-esterification
Washing
Biodiesel from any feed stock :
Drying
Methanol Recovery Purification Glycerol
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
BIODIESEL Product
By Product
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %) CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %) Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %) PFAD and CFAD (FFA > 70 %) RBDPO RBDPS Jatropha Curcas oil (Laboratory Scale)
BASIC DESIGN • From calculation, simulation, design, and engineering • From operation data (bench or pilot scale) • Product • General Piping & Instrumentation Diagram • Equipment Sizing • General Arrangement
DETAIL DESIGN • From calculation, simulation, design, engineering • Product : • • • • • •
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram Piping Layout Civil & Structure Stress Analysis Instrumentation & Control Electrical & Raceway
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
8 ton/day, 2006 1 ton/day, 2003
3 ton/day, 2006 6 ton/day, 2007
1 ton/day, 2006
10 ton/day, 2004
Current Problem 1. Biodiesel still classified as a non- subsidized fuel. 2. FAME price is tend to increase and passing the MOPS price.
Perkembangan Harga Biofuel Tahun 2006 - 2008
120
100
Harga (UScent/Ltr)
5. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES
3. Biofuel mandatory has been issued by the government. The following biodiesel related questions are often asked by industries: - Price (raw material, cost production) - Quality product guarantee - OEM (Owner Equipment Manufacture) guarantee - Quick property test (B100 and BXX) - Effect to engine safety/life, performance and emission - Effect to fuel consumption - Application of biodiesel on generator, gas turbine and boiler - How to handling (blending, transportation, storage) - Stability (oxidation) 80
FAME MOPS HSD
60
ETHANOL
40
MOPS GASOLINE
20
0
MEI
JUNI
JULI
AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUAFEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI
JUNI
2006
ETHANOL
JULI
2007
AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUA FEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI 2008
55.26 54.96 54.70 55.01 55.30 55.43 55.42 54.84 55.24 56.82 55.94 55.42 53.65 53.98 55.18 54.24 53.84 53.42 54.73 54.73 54.73 54.73
FAME
52.57 52.06 55.07 58.57 57.16 54.70 53.91 56.96 61.63 60.40 60.87 65.18 69.32 76.07 77.59 75.11 77.19 84.98 83.53 82.91 85.79 91.20 104.31 95.28 99.88
MOPS HSD
52.94 54.01 54.26 54.27 47.70 44.76 44.02 43.87 41.56 44.41 46.25 50.47 51.34 51.51 53.93 52.20 57.05 59.80 67.93 67.21 66.48 69.94 79.39 87.00 99.76
MOPS GASOLINE
49.82 52.70 44.39 39.07 38.06 37.33 40.69 46.75 51.19 54.45 51.88 52.22 47.07 50.35 54.14 59.97 60.10 61.63 64.45 67.60 72.48 80.50
waktu
CHALLENGES • How to prepare national biodiesel industry to meet the target of National Biodiesel Roadmap • Implication: All Indonesian biodiesel stakeholders should develop a commercial biodiesel plant that has consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production
• Developing alternative raw materials other than CPO (non edible, cheaper). Ex. Jathropa Curcas has great potential to be developed • Implication: further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility including land availability, various aspects in the plantation, oil extraction and financial incentives for farmers.
• Developing new process and product from glycerine as a by product
6. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS
FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS Characterization of Indonesian indigenous biodiesel raw materials to meet the standardized biodiesel product.
INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PLANT integrated, reliable, and low in production cost and has consistent quality of product
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Stability test for biodiesel (methyl esters) made of Indonesian Indigenous raw materials High performance reactor (consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production (Lower methanol loss and Lower usage of catalyst)
APR PROCESS
Biogas Plant BIOMASS
BIOGAS PLANT
Glycerol processing to produce more valuable product Material compatibility test for engine component using biodiesel blend (BXX) up to B100
TBS PLANTATION
METHANOL PLANT
GLYCERINE PURIFICATION
CPO PALM OIL MILL
BIODIESEL PLANT
Testing of biodiesel on industrial engine/equipment (generator, gas turbine, boiler) Integration of Biodiesel Plant, Oil Mill, Biomass Power plant, Methanol plant
Biomass (boiler) Power Plant
Empty Bunch
Shell
CATALYST RECOVERY
High Quality Biodiesel Product
Proposed Waste Management Methane from POME Remnant oil 792 t/y
EFB to Plantation (30%)
ROR
Biodiesel Plant Biomass Power plant
EFB to Biomass PP
Biodiesel Product Electricity Steam
EFB from others POM
Thank You….
Organic Diesel Plant
79,000 t/y
EFB
Plantation
Palm Oil Mill 2 x 45 t/h
FFB 360,000 T/Y
28,800 t/y
CPO Production Process
Fiber
19,000 t/y
Shell
Excess Shell
23,500 /y 1,400 t/y Onsite (Steam & Electricity)
POME Treatment
CPO
Sludge
Fuel
Power Plant (Biomass Combustion)
Gasification Systems Rural Electricity
Effluent discharge for land application Source : TA DGEEU – ADB, 2006
Electricity purchase from PLN Grid
Other purposes
