UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
KAWASAN AGROWISATA DI LEUWILIANG, BOGOR
TUGAS AKHIR
WILLY IMAM LAZUARDI 21020112130119
FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN/PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR SEMARANG SEPTEMBER 2016
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
KAWASAN AGROWISATA DI LEUWILIANG, BOGOR
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik
WILLY IMAM LAZUARDI 21020112130119
FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN/PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR SEMARANG SEPTEMBER 2016
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
Tugas Akhir ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik yang dikutip maupun yang dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar.
NAMA NIM Tanda Tangan
: Willy Imam Lazuardi : 21020112130119 :
Tanggal
: 8 agustus 2016
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
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HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Sebagai civitas akademika Universitas Diponegoro, saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama NIM Departemen Fakultas Jenis Karya
: Willy Imam Lazuardi : 21020112130119 : Tek.Arsitektur/ S1 Arsitektur : Teknik : Tugas Akhir
demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Diponegoro Hak Bebas Royalti Noneksklusif (None-exclusive Royalty Free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : KAWASAN AGROWISATA DI LEUWILIANG beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti/Noneksklusif ini Universitas Diponegoro berhak menyimpan, mengalihmedia/formatkan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), merawat dan memublikasikan tugas akhir saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak Cipta. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di : Semarang Pada Tanggal: 30 September 2016 Yang menyatakan,
Willy Imam Lazuardi
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KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur dengan judul “Kawasan Agrowisata di Leuwiliang”. Laporan Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur ini diajukan untuk melengkapi sebagian persyaratan untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Teknik di Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro. Atas bimbingan, pengarahan serta bantuan selama proses pengerjaan Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur ini, penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada : 1. Kerabat penulis, khususnya orang tua tercinta, yang telah memberikan banyak dukungan hingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir 2. DR. Ir. Eddy Prianto, CES, DEA selaku dosen pembimbing utama 3. DR. Ir. Atiek Suprapti, MTA selaku dosen pembimbing pendamping 4. Edward Endrianto Pandelaki, ST, MT, Phd. selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro sekaligus dosen penguji 5. Prof. Ir. Totok Roesmanto, M.Eng selaku Ketua Program Studi S-1 Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro sekaligus dosen penguji 6. Panitia Ujian Sarjana Periode 134. 7. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dan memberi dukungan yang tak bisa saya sebutkan satu per satu Semoga penyusunan Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur ini dapat bermanfaat di kemudian hari.
Semarang, 30 September 2016
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................................................................... iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR ........................................................ v UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS .......................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................................. vii DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL DAN GRAFIK ................................................................................................................. xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Tujuan .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Sasaran ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Manfaat ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Subyektif ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2 Obyektif .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Metode Pembahasan .................................................................................................................... 2 1.5.1 Metode Deskriptif .................................................................................................................. 2 1.5.2 Metode Dokumentatif ........................................................................................................... 2 1.5.3 Metode Komparatif................................................................................................................ 2 1.6 Sistematika Pembahasan .............................................................................................................. 2 1.7 Alur Pikir ........................................................................................................................................ 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Tinjauan Umum Kawasan ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Tinjauan Umum Kawasan ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Aspek-Aspek yang Perlu Diperhatikan dalam Sebuah Kawasan ............................................ 5 2.1.2.1 Pemilihan Tapak dan Analisis .......................................................................................... 5 2.1.2.2 Tata guna Lahan dan Sirkulasi ......................................................................................... 6 2.1.2.3 Faktor Desain Visual dan Elemen Alam........................................................................... 8 2.2 Tinjauan Umum Agrowisata.......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Definisi Agrowisata ................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.1 Tujuan Agrowisata ................................................................................................................. 9 vii
2.2.2 Kriteria Agrowisata............................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Jenis Agrowisata................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.4 Pengelolaan Agrowisata Berbasis Masyarakat .................................................................... 11 2.2.5 Kebutuhan Fasilitas Agrowisata ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.6 Pengembangan Agrowisata di Indonesia ............................................................................. 13 2.3 Penekanan Desain Arsitektur Ekologis........................................................................................ 15 2.3.1 Tinjauan Umum Material Bambu......................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Tinjauan Jenis - Jenis Bambu ................................................................................................ 16 2.3.3 Penyebab Kerusakan pada Bambu....................................................................................... 19 2.2.3.1 Faktor Biotik .................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.3.2 Faktor Abiotik ................................................................................................................ 20 2.3.4 Tinjauan Penerapan Bambu ................................................................................................. 20 2.4 Studi Banding .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.4.1 Taman Matahari Puncak Bogor............................................................................................ 23 2.4.1.1 Sarana Edukasi dan Rekreasi......................................................................................... 23 2.4.1.2 Akomodasi (Penginapan) .............................................................................................. 24 2.4.1.3 Fasilitas.......................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.1.4 Struktur Organisasi........................................................................................................ 29 2.4.2 Agrowisata Gunung Mas ...................................................................................................... 30 2.4.2.1 Sarana Rekreasi ............................................................................................................. 30 2.4.2.2 Akomodasi (Penginapan) .............................................................................................. 30 2.4.2.3 Fasilitas.......................................................................................................................... 32 2.4.3 Studi Banding Penekanan Desain......................................................................................... 33 2.4.4 Hasil Studi Banding............................................................................................................... 35 BAB III DATA .......................................................................................................................................... 37 3.1 Tinjauan Umum Lokasi ................................................................................................................ 37 3.2 Kebijakan Tata Ruang Wilayah .................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Perkembangan Pariwisata Kabupaten Bogor ............................................................................. 40 3.4 Data Pertanian di Kabupaten Bogor ........................................................................................... 43 BAB IV BATASAN DAN ANGGAPAN ....................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Batasan........................................................................................................................................ 45 4.2 Anggapan .................................................................................................................................... 45 BAB V PENDEKATAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ............................................... 46 5.1 Dasar Pendekatan Perencanaan dan Perancangan .................................................................... 46 5.2 Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional .................................................................................................... 46 5.2.1 Pendekatan Pelaku, Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang .......................................................... 46 viii
5.2.2 Pendekatan Hubungan Antar Ruang.................................................................................... 50 5.2.3 Pendekatan Kapasitas .......................................................................................................... 51 5.2.4 Pendekatan Kapasitas dan Besaran Ruang .......................................................................... 54 5.3 Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja .......................................................................................................... 77 5.3.1 Sistem Pencahayaan ............................................................................................................ 77 5.3.2 Sistem Penghawaan ............................................................................................................. 77 5.3.3 Sistem Jaringan Listrik .......................................................................................................... 78 5.3.4 Sistem Komunikasi ............................................................................................................... 78 5.3.5 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih dan Air Kotor (Bangunan) .......................................................... 78 5.3.6 Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran ............................................................................................... 80 5.3.7 Sistem Pengairan Ladang ..................................................................................................... 81 5.4 Pendekatan Aspek Struktur ........................................................................................................ 82 5.4.1 Material Struktur.................................................................................................................. 82 5.4.2 Sistem Struktur..................................................................................................................... 82 5.4.3 Sistem Konstruksi ................................................................................................................. 82 5.5 Pendekatan Aspek Kontekstual .................................................................................................. 83 5.5.1 Pemilihan Lokasi................................................................................................................... 83 5.5.2 Pemilihan Lokasi................................................................................................................... 83 5.6 Pendekatan Aspek Arsitektural ................................................................................................... 86 5.6.1 Kontur Tanah........................................................................................................................ 86 5.6.2 Menampilkan Struktur ......................................................................................................... 86 BAB VI PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ..................................................................... 87 6.1 Dasar Pendekatan ....................................................................................................................... 87 6.2 Program Ruang............................................................................................................................ 88 6.3 Tapak Terpilih .............................................................................................................................. 91 6.4 Konsep Perancangan ................................................................................................................... 92 6.4.1 Aspek Kinerja........................................................................................................................ 92 6.4.1 Aspek Arsitektural ................................................................................................................ 96 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................. 99
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2. 1 Dasar-dasar arsitektur ekologis........................................................................................ 15 Gambar 2. 2 Bambu Apus ..................................................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2. 3 Bambu petung .................................................................................................................. 17 Gambar 2. 4 Bambu duri/ori ................................................................................................................. 17 Gambar 2. 5 Bambu wulung ................................................................................................................. 17 Gambar 2. 6 Bambu gombong .............................................................................................................. 18 Gambar 2. 7 Bambu tutul...................................................................................................................... 18 Gambar 2. 8 Bambu ampel ................................................................................................................... 18 Gambar 2. 9 Bambu sembilang ............................................................................................................. 19 Gambar 2. 10 Bambu ater ..................................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 2. 11 Contoh Desain Arsitektur Bambu................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2. 12 Produksi Bambu Untuk Konstruksi................................................................................. 21 Gambar 2. 13 Contoh Desain Arsitektur Bambu................................................................................... 21 Gambar 2. 14 Contoh Desain Arsitektur Bambu................................................................................... 22 Gambar 2. 15 Contoh Desain Arsitektur Bambu................................................................................... 22 Gambar 2. 16 Peta Kawasan Taman Wisata Matahari ......................................................................... 23 Gambar 2. 17 Hotel Matahari ............................................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2. 18 Rumah Menado .............................................................................................................. 24 Gambar 2. 19 Rumah Bambu ................................................................................................................ 25 Gambar 2. 20 Villa Ciliwung .................................................................................................................. 25 Gambar 2. 21 Villa Pulau Seribu............................................................................................................ 25 Gambar 2. 22 Villa Natural .................................................................................................................... 26 Gambar 2. 23 Aula Pendopo Taman Matahari ..................................................................................... 26 Gambar 2. 24 Saung Manado ............................................................................................................... 27 Gambar 2. 25 Lapangan Ciliwung ......................................................................................................... 28 Gambar 2. 26 Lapangan Cherry ............................................................................................................ 28 Gambar 2. 27 Penginapan VIP .............................................................................................................. 30 Gambar 2. 28 Rumah Kayu Kelapa........................................................................................................ 31 Gambar 2. 29 Rumah Kayu Kelapa Pangrango ..................................................................................... 31 Gambar 2. 30 Unit Bungalow ................................................................................................................ 32 Gambar 2. 31 Pondokan (Cottage) ....................................................................................................... 32 Gambar 3. 1 Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Bogor ....................................................................................... 37 Gambar 3. 2 Letak Kecamatan Leuwiliang ............................................................................................ 38 Gambar 5. 1 Rekapitulasi pengelola kawasan agrowisata di Leuwiliang .............................................. 47 Gambar 5. 2 Tabel Pendekatan Pelaku, Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................ 48 Gambar 5. 3 Jumlah Wisatawan Kabupaten (per tahun)...................................................................... 51 Gambar 5. 4 Wisatawan Kabupaten Bogor (per tahun) ....................................................................... 51 Gambar 5. 5 Perhitungan Regresi Linier ............................................................................................... 52 Gambar 5. 6 Proyeksi Wisatawan Hingga Tahun 2026 ......................................................................... 52 Gambar 5. 7 Ladang pertanian buah manggis ...................................................................................... 54 Gambar 5. 8 Ladang pertanian buah manggis dan aktivitas di dalamnya ............................................ 55 Gambar 5. 9 Ladang pertanian buah manggis untuk agrowisata ......................................................... 55 Gambar 5. 10 Ladang buah mangga ..................................................................................................... 56 Gambar 5. 11 Ladang buah mangga untuk agrowisata ........................................................................ 57 x
Gambar 5. 12 Ladang buah mangga untuk kegiatan agrowisata.......................................................... 57 Gambar 5. 13 Gudang penyimpanan buah ........................................................................................... 58 Gambar 5. 14 Studi ruang lobby pengelola .......................................................................................... 62 Gambar 5. 15 Studi ruang general manager ......................................................................................... 63 Gambar 5. 16 Studi ruang Sekretaris .................................................................................................... 63 Gambar 5. 17 Studi ruang manajer bidang ........................................................................................... 64 Gambar 5. 18 Studi ruang kantor.......................................................................................................... 64 Gambar 5. 19 Studi ruang pusat informasi ........................................................................................... 66 Gambar 5. 20 Studi ruang kesehatan & K3 ........................................................................................... 67 Gambar 5. 21 Alat yang digunakan dalam kegiatan agrowisata........................................................... 68 Gambar 5. 22 spesifikasi traktor ........................................................................................................... 70 Gambar 5. 23 Sistem pengairan ladang secara manual........................................................................ 81 Gambar 5. 24 Sistem pengeairan ladang dengan sprinkler .................................................................. 81 Gambar 5. 25 Kondisi eksisting ............................................................................................................. 83 Gambar 5. 26 Kondisi kontur pada lokasi ............................................................................................. 84 Gambar 5. 27 Kondisi eksisting lokasi ................................................................................................... 84 Gambar 5. 28 Penerapan Pola Kurvalinear ........................................................................................... 86 Gambar 5. 29 Penerapan Struktur dan Konstruksi Bambu ................................................................... 86 Gambar 6. 1 Kontur tapak terpilih ........................................................................................................ 91 Gambar 6. 2 Penerapan lampu jalan dan lampu pedestrian. ............................................................... 92 Gambar 6. 3 Bambu sebagai pembatas ruangan .................................................................................. 92 Gambar 6. 4 Sistem pengairan ladang secara manual.......................................................................... 95 Gambar 6. 5 Sistem pengairan ladang menggunakan sprinkler ........................................................... 95 Gambar 6. 6 Penerapan komposisi bentuk ........................................................................................... 96 Gambar 6. 7 Penerapan Komposisi Material ........................................................................................ 96 Gambar 6. 8 Penerapan desain dinamis ............................................................................................... 97 Gambar 6. 9 Penerapan desain yang merespon alam .......................................................................... 97
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DAFTAR TABEL DAN GRAFIK Tabel 2. 1 Tabel Fasilitas Sarana Rekreasi ............................................................................................. 35 Tabel 2. 2 Fasilitas Penginapan ............................................................................................................. 35 Tabel 2. 3 Fasilitas Tambahan ............................................................................................................... 36 Tabel 3. 1 Jumlah Wisatawan Kabupaten (per tahun) .......................................................................... 40 Tabel 3. 2 Data Pengunjung Objek Wisata di Kabupaten Bogor ........................................................... 40 Tabel 3. 3 Tanaman Buah-Buahan Per-Kecamatan Menurut Jenis Tanaman (Pohon) ......................... 43 Tabel 3. 4 Produksi Buah-Buahan Per-Kecamatan Menurut Jenis Tanaman (Kwintal) ........................ 44 Tabel 5. 1 Kebutuhan ruang penyimpanan buah.................................................................................. 60 Tabel 5. 2 Kebutuhan ruang penjualan ................................................................................................. 60 Tabel 5. 3 Rekapitulasi Kelompok Agrowisata ...................................................................................... 61 Tabel 5. 4 Tabel Kebutuhan ruang kerja ............................................................................................... 65 Tabel 5. 5 Tabel kebutuhan ruang servis .............................................................................................. 65 Tabel 5. 6 Rekapitulasi Kelompok Pengelola ........................................................................................ 68 Tabel 5. 7 Tabel kebutuhan ruang Penunjang ...................................................................................... 69 Tabel 5. 8 Kebutuhan Ruang Garasi ...................................................................................................... 71 Tabel 5. 9 Rekapitulasi Kelompok Penunjang ....................................................................................... 71 Tabel 5. 10 Tabel perhitungan kebutuhan parkir ................................................................................. 72 Tabel 5. 11 Rekapitulasi Perhitungan Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................................................... 74 Tabel 5. 12 Penilaian Lokasi .................................................................................................................. 85 Tabel 6. 1 Tabel perhitungan ruang ...................................................................................................... 88 Tabel 6. 2 Rekapitulasi perhitungan ruang ........................................................................................... 90
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