Perpustakaan Unika
TUGAS AKHIR
PENGARUH LARUTAN TEBU 0,03 % SEBAGAI RETARDER ALAMI TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana Strata 1 (S-1) Pada Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Disusun oleh:
ROBERT INDARKO GANIS
HARTAMAN ARIS NUGRAHA
04.12.0005
04.12.0039
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG 2008
Perpustakaan Unika
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ...................................................................................................................... i Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................................. ii Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................................... iv Lembar Asistensi ................................................................................................................ vi Daftar Isi ........................................................................................................................... viii Daftar Notasi ....................................................................................................................... x Daftar Lampiran ................................................................................................................. xi Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Tabel ...................................................................................................................... xiii Bab I. Pendahuluan ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 4 1.3 Keutamaan Penelitian .................................................................................. 4 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5 1.5 Lokasi Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5 Bab II. Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Pentingnya Perencanaan Campuran Beton.................................................. 6 2.2 Beton ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Semen Portland................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 Agregat .......................................................................................... 10 2.2.2.1 Agregat Halus ............................................................................. 10 2.2.2.2 Agregat Kasar ............................................................................. 11 2.2.3 Air ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4 Bahan Tambah ............................................................................... 15 2.2.4.1 Bahan Tambah Kimiawi ............................................................. 15 2.2.4.2 Bahan Tambah Alami ................................................................. 16 2.3 Penelitian Terdahulu.................................................................................. 16 2.4 Kuat Tekan Beton ...................................................................................... 17 Bab III. Metodologi Penelitian ....................................................................................... 21 3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................ 21 3.2 Bahan – Bahan Penelitian.......................................................................... 23 3.3 Alat – alat Penelitian ................................................................................. 25 3.4 Perencanaan Campuran Beton................................................................... 30 3.5 Rancangan Percobaan................................................................................ 33 3.6 Tata Letak Alat Uji Kuat Tekan Beton ..................................................... 35 3.7 Jalannya Penelitian .................................................................................... 35 3.7.1 Pengujian pengikatan Awal Semen ............................................... 35 3.7.2 Pengujian Bahan ............................................................................ 37
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Perpustakaan Unika
3.7.3 Tahap Pembuatan Benda Uji ......................................................... 37 3.7.4 Tahap Perawatan Benda Uji Beton ............................................... 40 3.7.5 Pengujian Kuat Tekan ................................................................... 40 3.7.5.1 Pengujian Kuat Tekan Kubus Mortar ........................................ 40 3.7.5.2 Pengujian Kuat Tekan Silinder Beton ....................................... 40 3.7.6 Pengamatan dengan Mikroskop Elektronika ................................. 42 Bab IV. Hasil dan Pembahasan...................................................................................... 43 4.1 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan Mortar..................................................................... 43 4.1.1 Kuat Tekan Mortar Tanpa Bahan Tambah (normal) ....................... 43 4.1.2 Kuat Tekan Mortar Dengan Bahan Tambah Sukrosa 0,03 % ......... 44 4.1.3 Kuat Tekan Mortar Dengan Bahan Tambah Tebu 0,03 % .............. 45 4.2 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan Silinder Beton ........................................................ 46 4.2.1 Kuat Tekan Silinder Tanpa Bahan Tambah (normal) .................. 46 4.2.2 Kuat Tekan Silinder Dengan Bahan Tambah Sukrosa 0,03 %..... 47 4.2.3 Kuat Tekan Silinder Dengan Bahan Tambah Tebu 0,03% .......... 48 4.3 Analisa Dan Pembahasan ......................................................................... 49 4.2.1 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar 7 hari ................................................. 49 4.2.2 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar 14 hari ............................................... 50 4.2.3 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar 28 hari ............................................... 51 4.2.4 Analisa Kuat Tekan Rerata Mortar Normal,Sukrosa,dan Tebu .... 52 4.2.5 Analisa Kuat Tekan Silinder Beton 7 hari..................................... 53 4.2.6 Analisa Kuat Tekan Silinder Beton 14 hari................................... 54 4.2.7 Analisa Kuat Tekan Silinder Beton 28 hari................................... 55 4.2.8 Analisa Kuat Tekan Rerata Silinder Normal, Sukrosa,dan Tebu .. 56 4.2.9 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar dan Silinder Normal 7,14,28 hari ..... 57 4.2.10 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar dan Silinder Sukrosa 7,14,28 hari .... 58 4.2.11 Analisa Kuat Tekan Mortar dan Silinder Tebu 7,14,28 hari ......... 59 Bab V. Kesimpulan dan Saran ....................................................................................... 60 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 62 5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 63 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 64
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Perpustakaan Unika
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Tanaman Tebu ............................................................................................... 3 Gambar 2.1 Susunan Kimia Semen ................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.2 Tanaman Tebu ............................................................................................. 16 Gamabr 2.3 Grafik hubungan regangan tegangan beton, pasta semen, dan agregat ....... 19 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ............................................................................... 22 Gambar 3.2 Air ................................................................................................................ 23 Gambar 3.3 Semen PCC .................................................................................................. 23 Gambar 3.4 Agregat Halus .............................................................................................. 24 Gambar 3.5 Agregat Kasar .............................................................................................. 24 Gambar 3.6 Ayakan (siever)............................................................................................ 25 Gambar 3.7 Neraca Ukur ................................................................................................. 26 Gambar 3.8 Mikroskop Elektronika ................................................................................ 26 Gambar 3.9 Concrete Mixer ............................................................................................ 27 Gambar 3.10 Mesin Uji Kuat Tekan ................................................................................. 27 Gambar 3.11 Kerucut Abram ............................................................................................ 28 Gambar 3.12 Timbangan ................................................................................................... 28 Gambar 3.13 Silinder benda uji kuat tekan ....................................................................... 29 Gambar 3.14 Cetok ............................................................................................................ 29 Gambar 3.15 Ember........................................................................................................... 30 Gambar 3.16 Mortar .......................................................................................................... 33 Gambar 3.17 Beton Silinder .............................................................................................. 34 Gambar 3.18 Tata letak alat Uji Kuat Tekan Beton .......................................................... 35 Gambar 3.19 Uji Slump ..................................................................................................... 39 Gambar 3.20 Pengikatan Semen........................................................................................ 42 Gambar 4.1 Kuat tekan mortar 7 hari .............................................................................. 49 Gambar 4.2 Kuat tekan mortar 14 hari ............................................................................ 50 Gambar 4.3 Kuat tekan mortar 28 hari ............................................................................ 51 Gambar 4.4 Kuat tekan rerata mortar normal, sukrosa, tebu dan tebu ............................ 52 Gambar 4.5 Kuat tekan silinder beton 7 hari ................................................................... 53 Gambar 4.6 Kuat tekan silinder beton 14 hari ................................................................. 54 Gambar 4.7 Kuat tekan silinder beton 28 hari ................................................................. 55 Gambar 4.8 Kuat tekan rerata silinder normal, sukrosa, dan tebu................................... 56 Gambar 4.9 Analisa kuat tekan mortar dan silinder normal 7, 14, dan 28 hari ............... 57 Gambar 4.10 Analisa kuat tekan mortar dan silinder sukrosa 7, 14, dan 28 hari .............. 58 Gambar 4.11 Analisa kuat tekan mortar dan silinder tebu 7, 14, dan 28 hari ................... 59
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Perpustakaan Unika
DAFTAR NOTASI
f’c
: Kuat tekan beton
f’cr
: Kuat tekan rata-rata
σ
:
P
: Gaya tekan pada beton (N)
A
: Luas penampang silinder (mm)
W
: Berat benda uji (kg)
t
: Tinggi benda uji (cm)
SSD
: Saturated Surface Dry
Tegangan (MPa)
x
Perpustakaan Unika
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Tabel 3.1 Tabel 3.2 Tabel 4.1 Tabel 4.2 Tabel 4.3 Tabel 4.4 Tabel 4.5 Tabel 4.6 Tabel 4.7
Gradasi Agregat Kasar dan Agregat Halus ( ASTM C 33 ) ............................ 13 Variasi Campuran Mortar ................................................................................ 33 Variasi Campuran Beton ................................................................................. 34 Uji mortar normal ............................................................................................ 43 Uji mortar dengan bahan tambah sukrosa 0,03 % ........................................... 44 Uji mortar dengan bahan tambah larutan tebu 0,03 % .................................... 45 Uji beton silinder normal ................................................................................. 46 Uji beton silinder dengan bahan tambah sukrosa 0,03 % ................................ 47 Uji beton silinder dengan bahan tambah larutan tebu 0,03 % ......................... 48 Perkiraan komposisi oksida semen portland .................................................. 47
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