THE STUDY ON WAIT FOR SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS TIME OF BUS OPERATION IN WEST JAKARTA INDONESIA

Simposium XII FSTPT, Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya, 14 November 2009

THE STUDY ON WAIT FOR SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS TIME OF BUS OPERATION IN WEST JAKARTA INDONESIA Najid Lecturer of Engineering Faculty Tarumanagara University Indonesia

Albert Fresh Graduate of Engineering Faculty Tarumanagara University Indonesia Abstract

There is phenomenon that happened move of transport choice from transit to private especially motorcycle vehicle. This condition caused by the deteoriration of transit services, one of that is wait for SNP time and easily mechanism to own motorcycle. This study has intention to elaborate how condition of wait for SNP time in transit operation and those condition can influence transit operation. Keywords : wait for SNP time, transit, travel time, boarding and allighting

BACKGROUND One of the strategy to reduce the congestion in Jakarta is to increase the role of transit services especially the buses services. To increase the buses services is to reduce the delay of those’s operation. Actually the delay of buses serives can make travel time of bus services is too long, so that is made the demand of buses services have been down. The fenomenon at the recent show that many demand split from buses passenger (public or transit demand) to private vehicle especiallly motorcycle or motor bike. Based of that, it is important to increase the reliability of transit especially buses services. The reliability of buses services is depend on the traffic congestrion, waiting time of passenger on the shelter, headway between bus, departure time of buses, convinience aspect and the delay of buses services caused by wait for sufficient numbers of passengers on the shelter or out of the shelter. From the previous interview have found that almost of the buses driver didn’t know what the negative effect of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers. The operator and the driver will lose out more of money caused by wait for sufficient numbers of passengers. Wait for sufficient numbers of passengers will make the other road user lose of time too caused by side restriction on the road when the bus was stoped. Based of that need to study the impact of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers time (waitfor SNP Time)in reducing the reliability of buses services.

OBJECTIVE The study has several objective are : 1. The average time of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers 2. The average of the arrival time of passenger on the shelter 3. The average travel time of bus service 4. The perception of passenger on the reliability of bus service

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Formulation Of Problem This research expected will be answer of these question : 1. Why many buses stop at the road side out of the shelter ? 2. How land use inflence the duration time of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers ? 3. Variation of duration time of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers based on peak or off peak hour ? 4. Variation of passenger perception of wait for sufficient numbers of passengers ? Scope Of Study 1. Transit comprise with Bus, Minibus (Metromini) and Microbus (Mikrolet). 2. The study area is part of west Jakarta. 3. The section of Bus Service are: • Kota – Kampung Rambutan • Grogol – Senen • Kota - Senen Type of Transit that have surveyed are ”Mikrolet”, ”Metromini” and ”Bus”, kind of Transit in Jakarta.

LITERATURE REVIEW The comparison between private vehicle and public vehicle (transit) in Jakarta is shown that private vehicle increasing rapidly than transit, at the recent data shown 98% for private and 2% for transit. If we compare with the data of average daily traveler in Jakarta that’s about 17 million daily traveler that consist of the private vehicle just carry on 49,7% and transitor public vehicle carry on 50,3% (Pusat Data and Analisis Transportasi Kota Tempo, 2004) The principle of transit management is minimize time consuming, energy and cost of transit user and make transit more attractive as daily traveler mode. The stakeholders of transit management band operation are user, operator and regulator (Government). Three of those stakeholders have different priority intention of transit servicebility such as user are interest in accessibility, minimum waiting time and minimum fare, while Operator are interest in margin or profit and Regulator is interest in maintenance the equilibrium between demand and transit supply comprise with any service performance of transit operation (Panduan Pengumpulan Data Angkutan Umum Perkotaan, Departemen Perhubungan – Direktorat Jendral Perhubungan Darat, 1990). There is phenomenon in transportation of commuter in Jakarta that is move from transit to private cause by several factors such as (Asosiasi Industri Sepeda Motor Indonesia AISI, 2005) : • Motorcycle selling price is reached by almost of public • Motorcycle selling by credit mechanism • The operation cost of motorcycle is cheaper than transit cost • Motorcycles are more accessible than transit Motorcycles growth average is about 25% peryear from year 2001 – 2005 (Asosiasi Industri Sepeda Motor Indonesia AISI, 2005) 1000


One method of measurement of serviceability of transit is Composite Service Delivery Index. This method is try to compare the reliability of bus service in specified bus route (Wang P., Lin J., Barnum D.T., 2006). METHODOLOGY The methodology of the study can be explain by the following framework that shown at picture 6.1. as follows :

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Objective of study

Study Location Determination

Transit Route Deterrmination

Define of Survey Time

Data Collection

Secondary data

Preference Survey

Site Observation

Data Analysis

Average of Transit Travel Time

Distribution Of Transit User Arrival

Distribution Of Transit Arrival

Average Of “ Wait for SNP Time”

Transit Reliability Analysis

Conclusion

Picture 6.1. Methodology

There are some important terminology that used in this study such as : 1. Travel Time means time that consumed by specified transit to finish the distance in the specified route. 2. Boarding and Allighting Time means time that used by all passengers that have waited the transit for boarding and time that used for all passenger to alllighting from the bus.

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3. Wait for SNP Time means time that consumed by the transit for waiting the passenger in the transit stop area or out of transit area. Scope Of Study The area that choose for conduction of the survey are route of transit operation as follows : Kalideres, Grogol, Kota, Senen and Kampung Rambutan. The site observation encompassed of transit operation behaviour that influence of transit reliability, especiallly as wait for SNP time. The respondent for preference survey are transit passenger and the secondary data are the data from concerned Goverment institusional. For counting the passenger that boarding or allighting, travel time of transit and wait for SNP time data, the surveyor must boarding on the transit. The study area is determine by land use consideration. The survey was conducted in weekday at several transit shelter or transit terminals in the corridor on the route of scope of study as follows : Kalideres, Grogol, Kota, Senen and Kampung Rambutan.

Data Collection There are several site observation (survey) have conducted such as survey of : • Wait for SNP time • Boarding and Allighting Time • Number of Boarding and allighting passenger • Number of Passenger on the Board • Number of passenger at the Shelter • Travel Time • Passenger Preference

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Data on Kampung Rambutan – Kota route on table 8.1 and 8.2 as follows : Table 8.1.Time Table Transit (Bus) at the Shelter and Boarding/ Alighting Data No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Arrival 05:28 05:38 05:48 05:49 05:57 06:05 06:11 06:12

10 11 12

Shelter / Terminal Terminal Rambutan Jl. Mayjend Sutoyo (UKI) Jl. Mayjend Sutoyo Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Jatinegara Barat Jl. Matraman Raya Jl. Salemba Raya Jl. Salemba Raya Jl. Kramat Raya (Halte Rs.M.Ridwan) Jl. Kramat Kwitang Jl. Menteng Raya

No 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Shelter / Terminal St. Gambir (Halte St. Gambir) Monas Jl. Majapahit (Halte Duta Merlin) Jl. Gajahmada Jl. Gajahmada Jl. Hayam Wuruk (Halte Olimo) Jl. Ir. H. Juanda Halte Veteran III Jl. Merdeka Timur (Halte Tugu Tani) Jl. Prapatan Jl. Kramat Raya (Halte Rs. Carolus) Jl. Kramat Raya Jl. Salemba Jl. Matraman Raya (Halte Depsos) Jl. Raya Jatinegara Timur Jl. Raya Jatinegara Timur Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Jend. DI Panjaitan Terminal Rambutan

Arrival 06:33 06:34 06:40 06:42 06:43 06:44 07:06 07:10 07:15 07:20 07:24 07:27 07:31 07:37 07:43 07:47 07:51 08:06 08:15

06:19 06:22 06:26

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Time Departure 05:21 05:38 05:38 05:48 05:50 05:59 06:06 06:11 06:12 06:19 06:23 06:27 Time Departure 06:33 06:35 06:40 06:42 06:43 07:00 07:06 07:11 07:16 07:21 07:25 07:27 07:32 07:38 07:46 07:47 07:51 08:07 -

Number of Passenger Boarding Allighting 19 16 2 5 2 7 2 6 3 4 1 4 1 2 3 7 1 3

5 4 4

Number of Passenger Boarding Allighting 1 8 5 12 10 7 19 10 2 1 3 5 3 7 2 5 2 1 6 8 11 2 1 4 2 9 2 6 4 7 10


Table 8.2. Data Wait for SNP Time (Bus) at the Shelter No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Shelter Terminal Rambutan Jl. Mayjend Sutoyo (UKI) Jl. Mayjend Sutoyo Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Jatinegara Barat Jl. Matraman Raya Jl. Salemba Raya Jl. Salemba Raya Jl. Kramat Raya (Halte Rs.M.Ridwan) Jl. Kramat Kwitang Jl. Menteng Raya St. Gambir (Halte St. Gambir) Monas Jl. Majapahit (Halte Duta Merlin) Jl. Gajahmada Jl. Gajahmada Jl. Hayam Wuruk (Halte Olimo) Jl. Ir. H. Juanda Halte Veteran III Jl. Merdeka Timur (Halte Tugu Tani)

Number of Passenger at the Shelter >40 28 18 13 15 19 13 16 9 9 5 8 17 5 8 7 2 37 13 9 10

Wait for SNP Time 532 10 25 64 35 27 5 4 33 8 897 30 7 8

Boarding and Allighting Time 23 4 12 16 8 11 9 4 13 16 15 9 30 24 12 11 10 4 5 11

Tabel 8.2. Data Wait for SNP Time at the Shelter (continued) No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Shelter Jl. Prapatan Jl. Kramat Raya (Halte Rs. Carolus) Jl. Kramat Raya Jl. Salemba Jl. Matraman Raya (Halte Depsos) Jl. Raya Jatinegara Timur Jl. Raya Jatinegara Timur Jl. Otto Iskandardinata Jl. Jend. DI Panjaitan Terminal Rambutan

Number of Passenger at the Shelter 21 10 6 26 12 18 18 28 16 >40

1005

Wait for SNP Time 13 9 40 100 -

Boarding and Allighting Time 6 11 3 6 5 3 8 16 24 25


Table 8.3.Time Table Transit (Metromini) at the Shelter and Boarding/ Alighting Data No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Shelter / Terminal Terminal Grogol Halte Sumber Waras Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari (Roxy) Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari Jl. Cideng Timur Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang) Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang) Jl. Gajah Mada

No 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Shelter / Terminal Jl. Gajah Mada Jl. Hayam Wuruk Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Pasar Baru Jl. Gunung Sahari Jl. Gunung Sahari Terminal Senen Jl. Bungur Besar Jl. Angkasa Raya Pasar Baru Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang) Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari (Roxy) Jl. Kyai Tapa Citraland Jl. Daan Mogot

Time Arrival Departure 14:56 14:57 14:58 14:59 15:02 15:02 15:02 15:04 15:04 15:07 15:07 15:08 15:10 15:11 15:11 Time Arrival Departure 15:11 15:12 15:13 15:14 15:17 15:19 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:21 15:21 15:23 15:27 15:27 15:28 15:28 15:32 15:40 15:42 15:42 15:45 15:45 15:51 15:54 15:58 15:59 16:04 16:04 16:10 16:11 16:15 16:16 16:20 16:21 16:22 16:22

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Number of Passenger Boarding Allighting 7 5 5 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 Number of Passenger Boarding Allighting 3 1 1 2 3 1 6 3 2 4 6 2 1 1 2 5 1 1 2 6 1 4 1 1


Table 8.4. Data Wait for SNP Time (Meetromini) at the Shelter No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22

Shelter Terminal Grogol Halte Sumber Waras Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari (Roxy) Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari Jl. Cideng Timur Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang) Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang) Jl. Gajah Mada Jl. Gajah Mada Jl. Hayam Wuruk Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Jl. Sukarjo Wiryo Pranoto (Krekot) Pasar Baru Jl. Gunung Sahari Jl. Gunung Sahari Terminal Senen Jl. Bungur Besar Jl. Ir. H. Juanda Halte Veteran III Jl. Angkasa Raya Pasar Baru Jl. Sukarjo Wiryopranoto (Krekot) Jl. KH. Zainul Arifin (Ketapang)

Number of Passenger at the Shelter >40 13 14 5 10 28 3 9 7 13 15 5 18 4 >40 4 13 9 1 8 26 9

Wait for SNP Time 11 106 115 36 102 103 312 30 7 233 40 -

Boarding and Allighting Time 9 7 4 3 2 9 5 4 7 1 7 5 12 8 4 8 5 4 5 2 6 6 7

Table 8.4. Data Wait for SNP Time (Meetromini) at the Shelter (continued) No. 23 24 25 26

Shelter Jl. KH. Hasyim Ashari (Roxy) Jl. Kyai Tapa Citraland Jl. Daan Mogot

Number of Passenger at the Shelter 2 18 5 25

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Wait for SNP Time 46 18 -

Boarding and Allighting Time 3 5 5 6


Table 8.5.Time Table Transit (Mikrolet) at the Shelter and Boarding/ Alighting Data No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Shelter / Terminal Terminal Senen Jl. Stasiun Senen Raya Jl. Gunung Sahari 3 Jl. Gunung Sahari Raya Jl. Sukarjo Wiryopranoto (Krekot) Pasar Baru Depan jl. Pecenongan Jl. Gajahmada Glodok Jl. Bank Terminal Bus Kota Tua Jl. Nelayan Timur Jl. Cengkeh Stasiun Kota Jl. Hayam Wuruk Glodok 1001 Krekot (Depan Telkomsel) Pasar Baru Jl. Gunung Sahari Raya Terminal Senen

Arrival 11:21 11:24 11:26 11:32 11:35 11:40 11:47 11:54 12:03 12:05 12:07 12:12 12:15 12:22 12:24 12:34 12:44 12:55 13:06 13:16

Time Departure 11:20 11:22 11:24 11:27 11:33 11:39 11:43 11:48 11:57 12:04 12:06 12:10 12:13 12:20 12:23 12:30 12:37 12:48 13:00 13:07 -

Number of Passenger Boarding Allighting 5 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 1 1 4 2 3 2 2

Table 8.6. Data Wait for SNP Time (Mikrolet) at the Shelter

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Shelter Terminal Senen Jl. Stasiun Senen Raya Jl. Gunung Sahari 3 Jl. Gunung Sahari Raya Jl. Sukarjo Wiryopranoto (Krekot) Pasar Baru Depan jl. Pecenongan Jl. Gajahmada Glodok Jl. Bank Terminal Bus Kota Tua Jl. Nelayan Timur Jl. Cengkeh Stasiun Kota Jl. Hayam Wuruk Glodok 1001 Krekot (Depan Telkomsel) Pasar Baru Jl. Gunung Sahari Raya Terminal Senen

Number of Passenger at the Shelter >40 5 7 7

Wait for SNP Time

4 16 3 6 15 3 3 17 9 23 3 6 5 18 22 6 >40

1008

8

Boarding and Allighting Time 6 2 10

5 233 154 100 13 268 210 159 225 276 -

12 15 3 7 8 5 5 6 3 11 7 22 3 15 11 3 6


DATA ANALYSIS Based on data survey we can see the condition of transit services such as Waiting Time at the Shelter at the table 9.1, travel time of transit at table 9.2., wait for SNP time that preferred by passenger at table 9.3, travel time that preferred by passenger at table 9.4 as follows :

Table 9.1. Waiting Time at the Shelter Waiting Time at the Shelter (minute) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-30

Bus Passenger (%) 15,625 56,25 21,875 6,25

Metromini Passenger (%) 22,22 44,44 33,33 0

Mikrolet Passenger (%) 44,44 33,33 22,22 0

Tabel 9.2. Transit Travel Time Travel Time (minute) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-45 45-60 60-90

Bus Passenger (%) 3,125 25 25 21,875 15,625 3,125 3,125 3,125

Metromini Passenger (%) 5,55 33,33 33,33 22,22 5,55 0 0 0

Mikrolet Passenger (%) 11,11 33,33 55,55 0 0 0 0 0

Bus Passenger (%) 78,125 21,875

Metromini Passenger (%) 100 0

Mikrolet Passenger (%) 44,44 55,55

Metromini Passenger (%) 27,77 50 22,22 0 0

Mikrolet Passenger (%) 44,44 55,55 0 0 0

Table 9.3. Wait for SNP Time Wait for SNP Time (second) 0-30 30-60

Tabel 9.4. Travel Time Prefered by Passenger Travel Time Prefered by Passenger (minute) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30

Bus Passenger (%) 12,5 31,25 31,25 15,625 9,375

The average travel time of Transit as shown by Picture 9.1. as follows :

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Picture 9.1. The average travel time of Transit

Picture 9.2. Average Boarding /Allighting Passenger

Picture 9.3. Average Boarding/ Allighting Time

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Picture 9.4. Average Wait for SNP Time CONCLUSION • • •

Land use at location of the shelter indicates can influence the time of wait for SNP Time The characteristic of wait for SNP time rather similer between Metromini and Mikrolet but different with Bus. Passenger perception of wait for SNP time is about 20% of the real wait for SNP time

REFERENCES Abbas Salim H.A., Manajemen Transportasi, PT. Grafindo Jakarta, 1993. Direktorat Jendral Binamarga, Panduan Survey dan Perhitungan Waktu Perjalanan LaluLintas, 1990. John Khisty C., Transportation Engineering An Introduction, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1990. Peng Wang, Jie Lin, Darold T. Barum, Data Envelopment Analysis of Bus Service Reliability Using Automatic Vehicle Location Data, 86th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C, 2006. Taslim Bahar, Pengaruh Kendaraan Berhenti Terhadap Karakteristik Lalu Lintas Ruas Jalan Perkotaan, S2 Civil Engineering Theses ITB, 2007. Vuchic, Public Transportation, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1990.

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THE STUDY ON WAIT FOR SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS TIME OF BUS OPERATION IN WEST JAKARTA INDONESIA

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