TECHNICAL WORKING PAPER ON THE ADDITIONAL COSTS OF FSC-CERTIFICATION RELATIVE TO MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS IN NATURAL FOREST CONCESSIONS IN INDONESIA
THE BORNEO INITIATIVE FOUNDATION JULY 12, 2017
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 2. Comparison of standards................................................................................... 2 3. FSC’s distinct requirements .............................................................................. 5 4. Additional requirements and related costs of FSC certification ..................14 Annex 1 FSC specific requirements and the related costs .................................. 16 Annex 2 Requirements match for natural forest management: PHPL/VLK VERSUS FSC ............................................................................................................19
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1. Introduction In cooperation with the Indonesian Association of Forest Concessionaires (APHI), The Borneo Initiative (TBI) promotes sustainable forest management in Indonesia, following a fast-tract, large scale approach. The Borneo Initiative supports forest concessions with a grant of 2-3 USD/ha. This, to build their capacity in sustainable forest management, enabling ® them to comply both with mandatory certification standards (SVLK) or voluntary FSC certification. Certification is perceived to be expensive, but this also depends on the point of reference – the extra (incremental) costs for certification are different when compared to a business as usual scenario, or, when compared to full compliance with standing regulations. Therefore, in 2016, The Borneo Initiative undertook an attempt to assess the actual additional (incremental) costs of FSC-certification of forest management as compared to business as usual or the Indonesian mandatory standard for forest management, PHPL. The extra costs at the industry level were not considered. The Borneo Initiative employed the services of a consultant to make a comparison between the Indonesian mandatory standards for forest management (VLK and PHPL) and the FSC standard. Cost estimates were derived from a number of company interviews, and exploration of the TBI database with records of expenditures. From materials obtained, TBI staff systematized the specific FSC requirements that are truly additional as compared to the mandatory regulations, and the up-front, initial costs as well as the annual recurrent costs. Regretfully, it was not felt that a complete data set had been established for a full costing exercise, and to compare this to yield and revenue estimation for different scales of operations. This working paper documents is to be considered an intermediary product that needs a follow-up exercise for deriving a complete cost model. 2. Comparison of standards With the aid of a consultant, a comparison was made between the MoEF mandatory requirements, and those of FSC, in order to define the truly distinct certification requirements that can be attributed to FSC. The standards used were the following1: 1. The ‘FSC Harmonised Certification Bodies’ Forest Stewardship Standard for the Republic of Indonesia’ (FSC-STD-IDN-01-01-2013, hereafter ‘FSC’). 2. The ‘Standar Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu pada Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu – Hutan Alam’ (hereafter ‘VLK’) or the Timber Legality Standard for Timber from Natural Forests; and 3. The ‘Standar Penilaian Kinerja Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Lestari pada Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu – Hutan Alam’ (hereafter ‘PHPL’) or the Sustainable Management Standard for Natural Production Forest. (PHPL and VLK are part of Director General PHPL Decree #P.14/PHPL/SET/4/2016) The Forest Stewardship Council first published its Principles and Criteria (P&C) in November 1994 as a performance-based, outcome orientated, worldwide standard. The P&C focus on field performance of forest management rather than on the management systems for delivering that field performance. The FSC standard in Indonesia is a harmonised standard of five certification bodies’ locally adapted standards of the global P&C (Control Union Certifications, Rainforest Alliance, Scientific Certification System, Société Générale de Surveillance, and Woodmark Soil Association). It was ‘a first step towards developing and consulting upon a wider Indonesian standard for forest stewardship’, and at the moment consultations are on-going for its revision. The Indonesian Timber Legality Assessment System (TLAS, or SVLK in Indonesian i.e. Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu) is a combination of first, a timber tracking system (VLK) that ensures the legality of timber being transported and traded in Indonesia; second, a forest management standard (PHPL) that ensures responsible forest management. Active since late 1
FSC, PHPL and VLK requirements are available in Indonesian, with notes in English, in Annex 2
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2009, SVLK is the underlying component for the first Voluntary Partnership Agreement in effect with the European Union. Annex 2 presents a comparison of the certification requirements for natural forest management in the three standards. Table 1 below shows a summary of the distinct requirements for natural forest management between FSC and VLK, by indicator, indicating the key topic or key interest covered under that indicator, a list of the matching FSC indicators or criteria, and a brief description of the main differences between VLK and FSC. While table 2 presents those between FSC and PHPL. Table 1. Comparison VLK and FSC VLK I1.1
Key Interests legal compliance, usufruct rights
FSC Match C1.2, I1.2.3, C2.1 I2.1.1, I5.3.4L, I7.1.14L I2.1.1, I7.1.3, I7.1.6, I7.2.3 I1.2.1, I5.3.3, I5.6.3, I8.3.1, I8.3.2L, I8.3.5S
I2.1
approved work plans
I2.2
general work plan
I3.1
harvest reports, timber tracking
I3.2
timber fees
C1.2, I1.2.3
I3.3
inter-island transport & trade
No match
I3.4
log & document markings
I4.1
environmental impact assessment & monitoring
I5.1
health & safety
I8.3.3, I8.3.4 I4.4.1, I4.4.2, C6.1, C6.4, I8.2.4L, I8.4.2L, I8.4.3 C4.2, I4.2.3, I4.2.6, I4.2.13L, I4.2.15, I4.2.17
Differences VLK-FSC FSC is more explicit on contractors and their workers No significant gaps identified. No significant gaps identified. FSC is more explicit on timely transport of logs/timbers FSC is more explicit on contractors and their workers. FSC does not explicitly address inter-island transport & trade. No significant gaps identified. FSC is more explicit on monitoring impacting planning. FSC is more explicit on health & safety.
FSC is more explicit on International Labour Organisation conventions and contractors and their workers. (C = Criterion, I = Indicator, V = Verifier; distinct requirements are marked red) I5.2
employee rights, child labour, worker unions
I1.3.2, C3.4, C4.1, I4.1.4, I4.1.9-10, C4.3
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Table 2. Comparison PHPL and FSC PHPL I1.1
Key Interests forest management enterprise boundaries, ownership, indigenous resources
FSC Match
Differences PHPL-FSC
C2.1, I4.4.4, C6.10
FSC is more explicit on forest conversion.
I1.2
vision & mission, socialization
C1.6, I7.1.2, C7.4, C8.5
I1.3 V1.3.3
work experience, employments records, training, legal compliance, planning revisions
I6.5.6, I7.2.4L, C7.3, I7.3.2
I1.4 V1.4.2
SFM, management information system, Legal compliance, monitoring
C1.1, I1.1.3L, C1.3, C1.4, I4.1.6L, I7.3.4
I1.5
annual work plan, socialisation, CSR, forest protection
I2.2, I2.2.1, I2.2.2, C6.1.4, C7.1.5, C7.2.6, C8.2.8
I2.1 V2.1.3
business management plan
P6, C5.4, I5.5.1
harvest regime, forest inventories, standard operating procedures, guides, changes forest composition environmentally friendly, sustainability, regeneration, best management practices forest damage, timber waste annual work plan, maps, implementation, accuracy of plans, protected areas, field markings, monitoring and evaluation
C5.6, I5.6.4, I7.1.7, C6.9, I8.2.2, I8.2.3
I2.2 I2.3 I2.4 (a) I2.4 (b) I2.5
FSC is more explicit on commitment to FSC P&C and public summaries. PHPL is more explicit on employment records. FSC is more explicit on contractors. PHPL is more explicit on management information system. FSC is more explicit on international conventions, discrepancies legislation versus FSC P&C, and contractors. FSC is more explicit on high conservation value areas, land certificates, resource control. PHPL is more explicit on block and compartment boundaries. FSC is more explicit on diversification and environmental services. FSC is more explicit on non timber forest products and exotics.
I6.5.1, I6.5.2, I7.1.11, I7.1.12, I8.2.2
No significant gaps identified.
I5.2.2L, I5.2.3, I6.3.2, I6.5.3
FSC is more explicit on non timber forest products.
I5.3.1, I5.3.2
No significant gaps identified.
I5.5.2, I5.6.3, I6.5.4, I6.1.6, I7.1.4, I7.1.14L, I7.2.1, I7.2.2, I7.2.5, I8.4.1
FSC is more explicit on high conservation value areas, non timber forest products.
I2.6 V2.6.1
finances, allocation, realisation
C5.1
I3.1 V3.1.4
protected areas, conservation zones, environmental services
I1.2.1, I5.3.3, I5.6.3, I8.3.1, I8.3.2L, I8.3.5S
I3.2
deforestation, encroachment, illegal activities, monitoring and evaluation
C1.5, C3.3, I3.3.4, I6.2.8, I6.3.6, I7.1.13, I8.2.2
soil and water protection, monitoring and evaluation procedures, reduced impact logging, roads, erosion control
I5.5.3, I5.5.4, I5.5.5, I6.3.3, I6.3.5, I6.3.7, I6.5.3, I6.5.7, I6.5.8, I6.5.9, C6.6, C6.7, C6.8, I8.2.2
FSC is more explicit on dangerous chemicals, reserved areas and invasive species.
C1.3, I6.2.1, I6.2.2, I7.1.9, I8.2.3, I8.2.6, I8.2.7S
FSC is more explicit on changes in forest composition.
I3.3
I3.4 I3.5 I3.6
flora and fauna, rare and endangered species, monitoring and evaluation forest resources, boundaries, land rights
PHPL is more explicit on financial health. PHPL is more explicit on acknowledgement by stakeholders. FSC is more explicit on management of high conservation value areas. FSC is more explicit on indigenous rights, buffer zones, and invasive species.
FSC is more explicit on FPIC and local land control. FSC is more explicit on land certificates legal compliance, corporate I3.2.4L, I3.3.1, C2.2, I4.2 and FPIC for/by local communities social responsibility I2.2.1, I2.2.2, I3.2.1 (may link to PHPL V3.1.4) indigenous peoples, customary FSC is more explicit on support of local I4.3 I4.1.3L, I5.2.1, I5.4.3 rights economies PHPL is more explicit on conflict I4.4 conflict resolution and mapping, C2.3, C4.5, I4.5.3 mapping. FSC is more explicit on V4.4.2 documentation damage to resources. PHPL is more explicit on industrial I4.5 links to industry, planned versus I4.2.13L, I4.2.14, I5.2.4 relations. V4.5.1 actual production FSC is more explicit on optimal use. (C = Criterion, I = Indicator, V = Verifier; distinct requirements are marked red) I4.1
C3.1, I3.2.2, I4.1.5, I4.1.8, I4.4.3L
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3. FSC’s distinct requirements The main distinct requirements (indicators or parts thereof) in FSC identified through the matching process (see Tables 2-3 above) are grouped in a dozen themes: 1. Contractors, sub-contractors, and their workers (throughout FSC P&C) 2. International conventions and agreements (FSC Criterion 13) 3. FSC principles and criteria, and policies (FSC Indicator 1.6.3) 4. Local/indigenous people control their lands/territories (FSC Criteria 2.2, 2.3 and 3.1) 5. Safety and health (FSC Criterion 4.2) 6. Forest product diversification (FSC Criterion 5.2) 7. Set-aside areas (mainly FSC Criterion 5.5) 8. Hazardous materials (FSC Criteria 6.6-6.9) 9. Monitoring results/impacts (FSC Criterion 8.4) 10. High conservation value forests (FSC Principle 9) 11. Conformity assessments (FSC notes for Certification Bodies on the interpretation and use of the standard); and 12. Sundry requirements These themes will be discussed in more detail below: 3.1 Contractors, Sub-contractors, and their workers No references to contractors, sub-contractors and their workers were encountered in PHPL and VLK. In contrast, FSC contains numerous references to contractors, sub-contractors, and their workers: Indicators apply equally to forest enterprise staff and to contractors. This has been taken as the basis for all indicators. The indicators apply to all staff, personnel, third parties etc., operating within the forest area. (FSC Notes for Certification Bodies on the interpretation and use of the standard, #4). Examples of contractors regularly used by forest management enterprises are daily and unitprice laborers (e.g. felling and shipping). •
•
•
•
•
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Indicator 1.2.3: The FME shall ensure that the requirements of this Criterion are also met by contractors. (FSC Criterion 1.2 All applicable and legally prescribed fees, royalties, taxes and other charges shall be paid). Indicator 4.1.4: The FME shall demonstrate that each employee, contractor and subcontractors enjoys the same basic rights and benefits (remuneration, training, etc.), which meet or exceed all legal requirements and those provided in comparable occupations in the same region. Indicator 4.2.3: Workers (staff and contractors) shall be provided with safety equipment in good working order, appropriate to the tasks of workers and the equipment used. Indicator 4.2.9: There shall be a written emergency plan in case of serious injury to any forest worker or contractor, and which includes provision for timely evacuation to an appropriately equipped medical facility. Indicator 4.2.13L: The FME shall ensure that all employees and contractors have social insurance (or equivalent) to provide compensation and/or ongoing support in the event of redundancy or work place injury. Indicator 6.5.6: Training shall be given to FME staff and contractors to meet guidance requirements. Indicator 6.6.5: Where chemicals are used, all staff and contractors involved with their use shall have received training in handling, application and storage procedures. Indicator 7.3.1: All managing staff and supervisors (including those employed by contractors) shall have adequate education, experience or training to ensure that they are able to plan, organize and supervise forestry operations in accordance with the Enterprise’s plans, policies and procedures. Indicator 7.3.2: All workers (including contractors and their workers) shall be trained to implement the tasks and responsibilities effectively and safely. Indicator 7.3.4: All workers (including contractors and their workers) shall be supervised to ensure that they implement their tasks effectively and safely, and the FME itself monitors the quality of their work.
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Possible additional cost items required specifically by FSC are mentioned in the bullet items above. 3.2 International conventions or agreements No references to international conventions and agreements were encountered in PHPL and VLK. In contrast, FSC criterion 1.3 details compliance to relevant international conventions and agreements: In signatory countries, the provisions of all the binding international agreements such as CITES, ILO conventions, ITTA, and Convention on Biological Diversity, shall be respected (FSC Criterion 1.3) Indicator 1.3.1: The FME shall be aware of and implement the legal and administrative obligations with respect to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and other relevant international agreements to which Indonesia is a signatory. These are listed in Annex b. • Indicator 1.3.2: The FME shall ensure that ILO provisions are respected. • (Implementation of the following ILO conventions is a minimum requirement for certification: 29, 87, 97, 98, 100, 105, 111, 131, 138, 141, 142, 143, 155, 169, 182, ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forest Work, Recommendation 135, Minimum Wage Fixing Recommendation, 1970.) • Indicator 1.3.3: The FME shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the International Tropical Timber Agreement. • Indicator 1.3.4: The FME shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity. FSC provides little guidance on what aspects of – for example – standards by the International Tropical Timber Agreement or the Ramsar Convention (FSC Annex b) auditors should verify. It mainly contains a – likely out-dated – list of endangered species in Indonesia (FSC Annex c). We have no specification of the possible generic costs items required by FSC linked to the bullet list above. •
3.3 Forest Stewardship Council principles and criteria, and policies FSC requires all companies in which a forest management enterprise holds (significant) shares or management responsibilities to comply with its Policy for the Association of Organizations with FSC, Policy on Partial Certification of Large Ownerships, and Controlled Wood Standards (1.6.3): The forest management enterprise shall disclose information on all forest areas over which it has some degree of management responsibility […], and there is no substantive evidence that the management of this land conflicts with the requirements of standards for FSC Controlled Wood (Indicator 1.6.3) As is quite common in Indonesia, the major shares in companies are owned by individuals e.g. different family members, and not by companies. Consequently, no cross-sharing occurs and the requirements in the policies for the association of organizations and partial certification of large ownerships are circumvented. This indicator is one of eligibility for FSC certification and does not carry with it a specific cost item. 3.4 Local or indigenous people control of their lands or territories References to local and indigenous peoples encountered in PHPL and VLK include PHPL Verifiers 3.2, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4 (see Table 2 above). Similarly, a repetitive requirement throughout the FSC standard is that people maintain control over their lands/territories: Local communities with legal or customary tenure or use rights shall maintain control, to the extent necessary to protect their rights or resources, over forest operations unless they delegate control with free and informed consent to other agencies (Criterion 2.2). A key aspect of these indicators is free, prior and informed consent of the local/indigenous peoples. The right of local/indigenous peoples to give or to withhold their free, prior and
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informed consent to activities, laws and policies that apply to their lands is that it implies an acceptance of their own processes of decision-making. Decisions based on the right to free, prior and informed consent being, by definition, ‘free’ should allow scope for indigenous peoples to make decisions in their own time, in their own ways, in languages of their own choosing and subject to their own norms and customary laws (after Colchester & Ferrari 2007). Similar requirements are stated in the International Labour Organization’s Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169) (ILO, 1989). Indonesia has not ratified this convention (yet), leaving the onus of compliance to individual forest management enterprises. Thus, forest management enterprises need to prove (a.o.) that indigenous peoples ‘benefit on an equal footing’, ‘promoting the full realisation of the social, economic and cultural rights’, and ‘eliminate socio-economic gaps that may exist’ (Article 2). Indicator 2.2.1: FME shall encourage local communities to request local regulations that respect customary rights and/or through the determination of the boundaries of rights areas through participatory mapping. • Indicator 2.2.2: Where forest operations occur on lands on which local communities have legal or customary tenure or use rights, the FME shall demonstrate the communities in question have: o EITHER: Maintained clear and direct control over forest operations to the extent necessary to protect their rights or resources; o OR: have delegated such control with free and informed consent to other agencies or the organization. • Indicator 2.2.3: FME shall ensure community consent to management activities was granted in a manner that: o Allowed adequate time to make decisions according to customary procedures; o Ensured a full and open provision of information in forms and languages to make them understandable; and o Ensured the absence of duress, intimidation, threat and negative activities. o Indicator 2.2.4: FME shall guarantee full cross-generational community access and control over traditional forest areas and forest product utilization. • Indicator 2.3.1: FME shall use mechanisms for resolving disputes over tenure claims and use rights that respectfully involve the disputants and are consistent in process. • Indicator 2.3.2L: Mechanisms for resolving disputes over tenure claims and use rights shall make provisions that, where tenure or use rights of communities are compromised, forest operations that are subject of dispute shall be suspended until the dispute is resolved. • Indicator 2.3.3: The FME shall maintain an up-to-date and complete record of all disputes relating to tenure claims and use rights, and a clear and up-to-date description of any steps taken to resolve the dispute. • Indicator 2.3.4: There shall be no major unresolved disputes relating to tenure and use rights in the FMU. Other disputes or grievances shall be resolved using locally recognised mechanisms and/or institutions. • Indicator 3.1.1: FME shall identify and map lands or territories of Indigenous peoples with customary/traditional rights to forest resources (timber and non-timber). • Indicator 3.1.2: No forest management operations shall take place in areas identified under 3.1.1 above, without clear evidence of free and informed consent of the indigenous peoples claiming such land, territories or customary rights. • Indicator 3.1.3: It shall be set down in writing that the Indigenous Peoples have control of the management of their own lands, territories and resources and that the FME recognizes and respects these rights according to ILO Convention 169. FSC certification action plans generally include a social impact assessment even though these are not required by the FSC standard itself. The P&C focus on field performance of forest management rather than on the management systems for delivering that field performance. Still, these studies are implemented to assist forest concessions with collection of social data, often in combination with participatory mapping. •
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3.5 Safety and health References to safety and health in PHPL and VLK include VLK Indicator 5.1 and PHPL Verifier 3.3 (see Tables 1-2 above). The FSC standard mentions the following: Forest management should meet or exceed all applicable laws and/or regulations covering safety and health of employees and their families (Criterion 4.2). The International Labour Organisation’s Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work (ILO 1998; see Indicator 4.2.6) covers a wealth of best management practices, including a table on personal protective equipment appropriate for various. In addition, FSC requires an awareness program on endemic illnesses and diseases (Indicator 4.2.15), and related preventive measures (4.2.16L). Specific FSC requirements concerning safety and health include: Indicator 1.3.2: The FME shall ensure that ILO provisions are respected. Indicator 4.2.1: Forest managers and workers shall have a working knowledge of national laws and/or regulations covering safety and health of employees and their families. • Indicator 4.2.2: Safety and health requirements shall be taken into account in the planning, organization and supervision of operations. • Indicator 4.2.3: Workers (staff and contractors) shall be provided with safety equipment in good working order, appropriate to the tasks of workers and the equipment used. • Indicator 4.2.4: Workers shall be prohibited from working without the personal protective equipment that has been provided. • Indicator 4.2.5: All tools, machines, and equipment, including personal protective equipment shall be in safe and serviceable condition. • Indicator 4.2.6: Where workers stay in camps, conditions for accommodation and nutrition shall comply at least with those specified in the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work. • Indicator 4.2.7: Safety and health measures shall comply with national minimum requirements. • Indicator 4.2.8: An effective first aid programme shall be in place, including worker training in basic first aid and the provision of readily accessible first aid kits with up to date supplies • Indicator 4.2.9: There shall be a written emergency plan in case of serious injury to any forest worker or contractor, and which includes provision for timely evacuation to an appropriately equipped medical facility. • Indicator 4.2.10: In case of work related accidents, the Forest management enterprise shall be responsible for all costs associated with the worker’s recuperation and damage to their health. • Indicator 4.2.11: There shall be provision for the safe transport of workers to and from their place of work, and within the FMU. • Indicator 4.2.12L: The FME shall maintain accurate and up-to-date work-related accident records; measures shall be taken to avoid repetition of any accidents that have occurred. • Indicator 4.2.13L: The FME shall ensure that all employees and contractors have social insurance (or equivalent) to provide compensation and/or ongoing support in the event of redundancy or work place injury. • Indicator 4.2.14: FME shall implement a periodic review on the welfare of employees. • Indicator 4.2.15: There shall be evidence of a program in the FMU that raises awareness of illnesses and diseases endemic to the area that affect forest workers or their families. • Indicator 4.2.16L: Measures shall be taken to prevent and control such endemic diseases. • Indicator 4.2.17: The FME shall proactively promote community health by jointly cooperating with the health authority. Cost items related on this topic are mentioned in the bullet list above; they typically include safety and health trainings, and personal protective equipment. • •
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3.6 Product Diversification No references to forest product diversification were encountered in PHPL and VLK. While forest management enterprises until very recently were not allowed to harvest non-timber forest products, they could promote sustainable harvest, consider non timber forest products during forest use and monitor harvests by local communities. In contrast, FSC promotes use of the full diversity of a natural forest, and requires forest management enterprises to diversify the products harvested from their forests: The forest management enterprise shall promote the development of markets for and sustainable harvesting of common, lesser-known forest species, including NTFPs (Indicator 5.2.2L). •
Indicator 5.2.1: Forest managers shall make a proportion of their production available to local enterprises, such as small-scale industries and processing operations, unless there is a reason, which makes this impossible. See also Criterion 5.4. NOTE: max 10% of such a proportion in 5.2.1 above, is acceptable as mentioned in the government regulation.
Indicator 5.2.2L: FME shall promote the development of markets for and sustainable harvesting of common, lesser-known forest species, including NTFPs. • Indicator 5.2.3: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) shall be considered during forest use and processing. • Indicator 5.2.4: FME shall seek the "highest and best use" for individual tree and timber species. • Indicator 5.4.1: The FME shall have information on the range of potential products and services that could be generated from the FMU, including lesser-known timber species, NTFPs and opportunities for other services such as recreation. • Indicator 5.4.2: The FME shall encourage product diversification and market exploration for such products, considering both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and other services. • Indicator 5.4.3: The FME shall have assessed the possibility of selling or marketing such products or services locally, either on their own account or through the involvement of local enterprises. • Indicator 5.5.1L: The Forest services and resources (e.g. watersheds, recreational activities, tourism, and forest’s contribution to regional biodiversity) shall be identified in the forest management plan or equivalent documentation. • 5.5.2: FME shall protect the full range of forest services associated with the defined forest area including: watersheds, commercial and recreational fisheries (or the supply of water to downstream fisheries), visual quality, contributions to regional biodiversity, recreation and tourism. • Indicator 5.5.3: FME shall protect riparian zones along all watercourses, streams, pools, springs and lakes/pones, consistent with the requirement of national regulations or best management practices. • Indicator 5.5.4: FME shall map riparian protection zones that enhance the value of forest services and resources, such as watershed and fisheries. • Indicator 5.5.5: FME shall have information on the downstream uses of water from the forest watershed. • Indicator 5.6.3 The FME shall keep clear, accurate and up-to-date records of harvested volumes of all commercial timber species, and of the commercial harvest of any non-timber forest products. Actual harvests do not exceed calculated replenishment rates over the long term. • Indicator 5.6.4: The harvesting of NTFPs shall not exceed estimated replenishment rates over the long term and shall not negatively affect wildlife food supply. Costs implicit in this topic typically include non-timber forest product studies or lesser known species studies. •
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3.7 Reserved areas Both PHPL and FSC indicate that reserved areas (protection/conservation zones) must be established throughout the forest management enterprise. FSC is more explicit about such areas: The movement of key plant and animal species between reserved and harvested areas is encouraged by retaining corridors of un-cut forest on stream sides with links up slopes and across ridges to connecting any large patches of forest which will not be harvested (Indicator 6.2.10). Indicator 5.5.3: FME shall protect riparian zones along all watercourses, streams, pools, springs and lakes/pones, consistent with the requirement of national regulations or best management practices. • Indicator 5.5.4: FME shall map riparian protection zones that enhance the value of forest services and resources, such as watershed and fisheries. • Indicator 6.2.10: The movement of key plant and animal species between reserved and harvested areas is encouraged by retaining corridors of uncut forest based on stream sides with links up slopes and across ridges to connecting any large patches of forest which will not be harvested. • Indicator 6.3.4: Old, non-commercial trees; trees with special ecological value; standing dead trees; and dead fallen wood shall all be systematically retained within the production area of the FMU, and in sufficient quantity to support wildlife species dependent on old trees and dead wood across the FMU. • Indicator 6.3.6: Protective areas shall be established between the management areas and the areas that have high risk of fire or erosion (e.g. bordering on pastures or small farming areas). Cost items related to this topic, include biodiversity assessments; biodiversity management trainings; the boundary markers of reserved area including buffer zones for the neighbouring protection forest and indigenous areas. Revenue foregone by giving up productive area is another cost consideration. •
3.8 Hazardous Materials Use of pesticides (e.g. insecticides against malaria), hazardous waste (e.g. batteries and oils), and biological control agents and exotic species (e.g. Mucuna as cover crop), are norm rather than exception in local forest management. International Labour Organisation provides valuable guidelines, including the guide on ‘Safety in the Use of Chemicals at Work’ and Safety and its code of practice on ‘Health in the Use of Agrochemicals’. Both publications contain clear references that auditors should verify, including control measures for chemicals hazardous to health and personal protection (ILO 1993, pages 26-27 and pp 39-42) as well as chemical safety data sheets and first aid treatment (ILO 1991, pages 7 and 36-37). No references to hazardous materials were encountered in PHPL and VLK. In contrast, hazardous materials such as pesticides, wastes, biological control agents and exotic species are well regulated under FSC: •
•
•
Indicator 6.6.1: The forest management enterprise shall have a written policy and strategies in place to promote the development and adoption of environmentally friendly non-chemical methods of pest management and strive to avoid the use of chemical pesticides Indicator 6.6.2: Where chemicals are used, the Forest Management Enterprise shall have an up-to-date list of all pesticides used in the FMU, including trade name, active component, quantity of active ingredient used, date of use, location of use and reason for use Indicator 6.6.3: Chemicals prohibited by the FSC (FSC-POL-30-601), those banned in Europe, U.S. and target country, or World Health Organization Type 1A or 1B, and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides shall not be used. The exception is when a formal derogation has been granted by the FSC. In such cases, the FME follows the terms of the approved derogation.
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Indicator 6.6.4: Where chemicals are used, there shall be no storage or use within the FMU of any pesticides included on the FSC list of “highly hazardous” pesticides, unless the Forest Management Enterprise is subject to a current FSC pesticide derogation for the pesticide concerned. • Indicator 6.6.5: Where chemicals are used, all staff and contractors involved with their use shall have received training in handling, application and storage procedures. • Indicator 6.6.6: Where chemicals are used, the Forest Management Enterprise shall implement safe transport, storage, handling, application and emergency procedures according to ILO publications “Safety & Health in the Use of Agrochemicals: A Guide”, “Safety in the Use of chemicals at Work” or equivalent documentation on the safe use of pesticides. • Indicator 6.6.7: All equipment for the transport, storage and application of chemicals shall be maintained in a safe and leak-proof condition. • Indicator 6.6.8: Application of chemicals within 10m of watercourses and 30m around reservoirs and lakes shall be prohibited. • Indicator 6.6.9: Application of chemicals if heavy rain is expected, during wet weather, shall be prohibited. • Indicator 6.6.10: Soaking of seedlings treated with chemicals in drains or watercourses prior to planting shall be prohibited. • Indicator 6.7.1: The FME shall keep an up-to-date list of off-site locations for the disposal of all its chemicals, containers, liquid and solid non-organic wastes including fuel and oil. • Indicator 6.7.2: There shall be a documented system in place for collecting and keeping such waste safely, and for safe transportation to the listed locations (see 6.7.1) for disposal. • Indicator 6.7.3: There shall be no evidence that the Forest Management Enterprise’ waste products are disposed of other than at the listed sites (see (6.7.1), and in accordance with environmentally appropriate and safe methods and applicable legal requirements. • Indicator 6.7.4: Fuel tanks and stores shall be located so that spillages from damage, defects or refuelling shall not enter watercourses. • Indicator 6.8.1: The FME shall demonstrate a written declaration that no genetically modified organisms (GMO –see FSC-STD-01-002 (V1-0) EN FSC Glossary of Terms) are used or are present in the FMU or areas where research takes place under the direct or indirect responsibility of the FME. • Indicator 6.8.2: Where the FME uses biological control agents (see FSC-STD-01-002 (V1-0) EN FSC Glossary of Terms), the FME shall justify and demonstrate that such use is in strict compliance with national laws and internationally accepted scientific protocols. • Indicator 6.8.3: The FME shall document, minimized, monitored and strictly control the use of biological control agents. • Indicator 6.9.1: The FME shall discourage the use of exotic species and if used they shall be carefully controlled, i.e. when used it is for well-justified for specific purposes (e.g. environmental benefit) and monitored for environmental impact • Indicator 6.9.2: Where exotic species are planted within the FMU, the FME shall document and implement regular monitoring within and outside the FMU to identify any evidence of spontaneous regeneration, unusual mortality, diseases, insect outbreaks or other adverse ecological impacts. • Indicator 6.9.3: Where there is evidence that exotic species are invasive, the FME shall have a policy and procedures available to take prompt and effective action to eliminate the species from the FMU and from all other sites in which it may regenerate. Cost items related to this topic typically include the improvement of housing and office conditions for forest workers; personal protective equipment; health and safety socialization, prevention and measures e.g. improved waste management. •
11
3.9 Monitoring results PHPL and VLK references to monitoring results were encountered in VLK Indicator 4.1 and PHPL Verifier 3.2 (see Tables 1-2 above). As specified by the FSC standard: The results of monitoring shall be incorporated into the implementation and revision of the management plan (Criterion 8.4). FSC’s indicators for monitoring results are: Indicator 8.4.1: The FME shall be able to demonstrate that the monitoring results as specified under Criteria 8.1 and 8.2 are incorporated into the revision of the management planning. • Indicator 8.4.2L: The monitoring of pests and diseases shall be integrated into the enterprise's Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy. • Indicator 8.4.3: The Monitoring reports indicate how management prescriptions should be changed based on new ecological, silvicultural or market information. Costs implicit in this criterion include the establishment or improvement of permanent sample and erosion plots, revision of standard operating procedures and trainings. •
3.10 High Conservation Value Forests FSC requirements for high conservation value (HCV) forests go far beyond the requirements set for the legally required environmental impact assessment: Management activities in high conservation value forests shall maintain or enhance the attributes, which define such forests (Principle 9). •
•
• •
•
•
• •
Indicator 9.1.1: FMEs shall have conducted an assessment to identify HCVs. Such an assessment should include: o Consultation with conservation databases and maps; o Consideration of primary or secondary data collected during forest inventories on the designated forest area by FME staff, consultants or advisors; o Interviews, workshops, and/or consultations with environmental/biological specialists, indigenous/local communities, scientific experts, other stakeholders, etc; o Documentation of threats to HCVs; and, o If threats to HCVs or HCVF exist, identification of actions to address the threats. Indicator 9.1.2L: FME shall: o Produce written HCVF assessment(s) that identify (ies) HCVs or HCVF and proposes strategies to ensure their protection; o Conduct credible, independent, technically qualified review of the HCVF assessment and related recommendations to address HCV threats and protection; and, o Demonstrate that credible actions are being taken to address HCV/HCV protection and/or threat reduction. Indicator 9.1.3: The Forest enterprise shall clearly map all areas within the FMU that have HCVF or HCV attributes Indicator 9.1.4L: The assessment procedure and its results (including the comments and suggestions of stakeholders in response to consultation) shall be fully documented. Indicator 9.2.1: The consultation with stakeholders shall clearly outline identified conservation attributes as well as proposed strategies to maintain or enhance the identified HCVF of HCV within the FMU. Indicator 9.2.2: The Forest Management enterprise shall maintain a complete and up to date documented file of all stakeholder comments submitted in relation to its management of HCVF or HCV and of actions taken as a result of such consultation. Indicator 9.3.1: All measures to protect the HCVF or HCVs shall be available in the public summary of the plan. (See also criterion 7.4) Indicator 9.3.2: The identified protection measures shall adopt a precautionary approach
12
Indicator 9.3.3: When an HCVF has been identified for biological values, management should: o maintain natural patterns of distribution and abundance of species, o maintain natural evolutionary and ecological processes (biotic and abiotic, including disturbance), o avoid fragmentation, and set aside core areas for strict protection. • Indicator 9.3.4: Endangered forest landscapes must be subject to complete protection (i.e. no harvesting) o Note on the interpretation of indicator 9.3.4: Forest managers are required to use best available information that will enable them determined endangered forest landscapes. Those forest landscapes that have been identified by environment authorities in Indonesia as critically endangered and thus require protection, shall be protected. The Indonesian Ministry of Forestry identifies the following types of forest that is subject to protection: o Hutan Lindung (Protected Forest). o Hutan Konservasi (which comprise of Hutan Suaka Alam, Hutan Pelestarian Alam, and Taman Buru). Refer Law No 41/1999 and Law No 5/1990 of Indonesia. o Suaka Alam comprises Suaka Margasatwa and Cagar Alam. o Pelestarian Alam comprises Taman National, Taman Hutan Raya, Taman Wisata Alam. • Indicator 9.4.1: Monitoring indicators and frequency (at least annually) shall be defined in consultation with acknowledged experts, and local and national stakeholders in order to monitor effectiveness of each measure described in the management planning and/or accompanying documents. • Indicator 9.4.2: Records of monitoring are kept and used to adapt future management, in consultation with acknowledged experts, and local and national stakeholders. • Indicator 9.4.3: FME shall be aware and actively monitor research developments which might contribute to management of HCVFs. To what extent the above requirements – in practice – go beyond the (legal) requirements for reduced impact logging (see the manuals by the Tropical Forest Foundation, link) and/or the (legal) requirements for reserved areas (see section 3.7 above) is open to debate. Costs typically include high conservation value assessments, public consultations, and refresher trainings. •
3.11 Conformity assessments Where an indicator refers to a system or procedure, it is assumed that it is the job of the certification body in all cases to verify that the procedure is implemented. The appointment of own staff responsible for doing this is one means of verification (FSC Notes for Certification Bodies on the interpretation and use of the standard). FSC sets standards for the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies (also known as certification bodies) that certify compliance with the standards set by the Forest Stewardship Council. While certification bodies still attempt to provide joint PHPL-VLK-FSC assessments, differences in (accreditation) requirements have hampered these attempts so far. Hence, FSC audits are (for the time being) a distinct requirement. FSC audits consist of a pre-assessment, a main assessment, and a surveillance assessment In addition, it may be necessary to facilitate verification audits, ranging from a desktop verification of a single non-compliance to a field verification of multiple non-compliances.
13
3.12 Sundry requirements for FSC certification As compared to VLK and PHPL, FSC contains several additional distinct indicators: •
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
Indicator 1.4.1: The FME shall identify and document any situations in which compliance with the laws, international treaties or conventions would preclude compliance with any indicator of this standard, or vice versa and bring this to the attention of the certification body. Indicator 1.4.2: In the event of any conflict being identified, the FME shall consult with the body responsible for interpretation of the FSC standard (i.e. either the certification body or the FSC National office), and/or with the relevant authority responsible for interpreting legal requirements, in an attempt to resolve the conflict. Indicator 1.4.3L: The FME shall document the results of any such attempt to resolve the conflict, including written evidence of any government, certification body or FSC National Office formal interpretations, approvals, designations, authorizations, exceptions/ exemptions from requirements, which might allow the conflict to be resolved. Indicator 3.3.4: The FME shall control unregulated access to Indigenous Peoples’ hunting and gathering areas. Indicator 3.4.1: Indigenous Peoples’ traditional knowledge that has a potential commercial value shall be recognized and documented whilst respecting the confidentiality of indigenous knowledge and the protection of indigenous intellectual property rights. Indicator 3.4.2: If traditional knowledge mentioned under 3.4.1 is used by the FME or by any other organization under agreement with the FME, a written agreement (in a manner that is understood by indigenous people) shall exist and compensation made to indigenous people for the fair market value of such knowledge. Indicator 3.4.3L: If traditional knowledge is used by the FME or by any other organization under agreement with the FME, the enterprise actively shall assist the Indigenous People in obtaining formal, legal recognition of tribal intellectual property rights. Indicator 4.5.3: Inadvertent damage to local, indigenous and traditional resources on, or near, indigenous and traditional lands shall be compensated as agreed with the indigenous and traditional communities themselves. Indicator 6.10.1: No conversion to plantations or non-forest lands occurs, except in circumstances where the conversion: o Affects no more than 0.5% of the total area of the Management Unit in the current or any future year and does not result in a cumulative total area converted in excess of 5% of the Management Unit since November 1994; o Does not damage or threaten High Conservation Values, nor any sites or resources necessary to maintain or enhance those High Conservation Values; and o Will produce clear, substantial, additional, secure long-term conservation benefits in the Management Unit. Indicator 6.10.2: Any forest areas that are being converted (either from plantation to non-forest use or from natural forest to plantation or non-forest use) and / or are scheduled for conversion over the next five year period are identified
4. Additional requirements and related costs of FSC certification Annex 1 brings together the above assessment of FSC’s distinct requirements, and data on the related costs as obtained from a limited number of interviews with forest concession staff. Table 3 presents a summary of FSC-specific measures and the related costs.
14
Table 3. FSC-specific requirements and related costs Indicator
Additionalities
(VLK/PHPL)
(FSC-STD-IDN)
Compliance Costs (,000 €) 2
R
Compliance assessments
75
36
1.1 (VLK-HA)
Contractors, sub-contractors, and their workers
7
5
3.1 (VLK-HA)
Timely removal of logs/timbers
1
0
3.3 (VLK-HA)
FSC auditors do not address inter-island transport & trade
1
1
4.1 (VLK-HA)
Impacts of monitoring on planning of all management activities
45
9
5.1 (VLK-HA)
Safety & health
4
2
5.2 (VLK-HA)
International Conventions/ Agreements; Discrepancies between FSC indicators and legislation
30
1
1.1 (PHPL-HA)
Forest conversion
25
5
1.2 (PHPL-HA)
Commitment to FSC P&C and public summaries
1
0
1.5 (PHPL-HA)
High conservation value forests; Land certificates; Control over local lands
60
16
2.1 (PHPL-HA)
Product diversification (NTFP, PES, etc)
33
3
2.2 (PHPL-HA)
Use of exotic species
2
0 0
I Notes (FSC-STD-IDN)
j
3.1 (PHPL-HA)
Reserved areas
0
3.2 (PHPL-HA)
Indigenous rights; Buffer zones
20
5
3.3 (PHPL-HA)
Hazardous materials
22
21
Changes in forest composition
0
0
4.1 (PHPL-HA)
Free, prior and informed consent; Local/indigenous people maintain control over claimed lands
10
8
4.3 (PHPL-HA)
Support of traditional knowledge
0
0
4.4 (PHPL-HA)
Accidental damage to resources
0
0
4.5 (PHPL-HA)
Optimal use of resources
0
0
Total
334
113
3.4/3.5/3.6 (PHPL-HA)
The initial compliance costs come to a total of roughly 334,000 Euro, and the recurring (annual) costs to a total of some 113,000 Euro. Assuming a forest management enterprise (50,000 ha) wants to stay in compliance for a single certificate (5 years), it needs to allocate nearly 900,000 Euro to comply with FSC specific additionalities only. These estimates are to be considered as an initial yardstick only. More structured data are needed, from more sources. E.g. when considering studies and training, not much consideration was given to the companies’ own costs of facilitation of the various trainings and consultancies. On the other hand, cost reductions may be achieved via FSC certification: rigorous implementation of reduced impact logging may save costs in machinery movement, staff time • yield improvement because of less damage to residual stands as a result of reduced impact logging • reduced costs of conflict mitigation via improved stakeholder engagement • it is believed that the reliance on external consultants can be reduced e.g. for HCV assessments or social baseline studies, more can be done by own concession staff when given proper guidance • the costs of external audits can be reduced via a group approach, in principle Next, it is important to that The Borneo Initiative contributes 2-3 $/ha for FSC certification, while FSC logs may fetch a premium price. •
2
I = Initial cost, R = Recurring cost
15
Annex 1 FSC specific requirements and the related costs
Additional requirements and costs of FSC certification Additional FSC Indicator
Notes
FSC specific requirements
Cost specifications (initial, recurrent)
Compliance Costs (€) Initial
Recurrent
Notes for Certification Bodies on the interpretation and use of the standard (FSC-STD-IDN)
Compliance assessments
Compliance assessments
Initial Pre-assessment: 5-10 thousand € Main assessment: 20-40 thousand € Verification assessment: 4-42 thousand €
75
36
7
5
1
0
1
1
Recurrent Surveillance assessment: 20-30 thousand €/year Verification assessment: 4-42 thousand €/year VLK-HA 1.1 Legal compliance, usufruct rights I1.2.3 FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees.
Contractors, sub-contractors, and their workers
2.1 Approved work plans There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements 2.2 General work plan There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements 3.1 Harvest reports, timber tracking I5.3.3 FSC contains a distinct requirement on timely removal Timely removal of logs/timbers of logs and timbers from the forest. 3.2 Timber fees FSC contains distinct Contractors, sub-contractors, 1.2.3 requirements for contractors and their workers and their employees. 3.3 Inter-island transport and trade VLK has distinct requirements FSC auditors do not address concerning inter-island inter-island transport & trade transport and trade. 3.4 Log and document markings There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements. 4.1 Environmental impact assessment and monitoring I8.4.3 FSC contains distinct Impacts of monitoring on requirements covering planning of all management changes in the management activities planning based on monitoring.
Initial Contracts: 3 man days/ contractor Internal audits: 2 man days Training: 2 thousand € Recurrent Internal audits: 2 man days/year Training: 2 thousand €/year
Initial Revisions: 5 man days Monitoring: 2 man days Recurrent Monitoring: 2 man days/year
Consolidating evidence: 1 man days/ shipment
Initial Monitoring logging blocks (incl species, diameters, RIL): 18 man days/year Monitoring other activities (incl roads, water, soil): 12 man days/year Training: 2 thousand €
Recurrent Training: 2 thousand €/year 5.1 Safety and health FSC contains distinct I4.2.3 Initial requirements concerning I4.2.6 Equipment: 3 thousand € pesticides, chemicals and I4.2.13L Medicines: 2 thousand € Increased safety & health waste, and biological control I4.2.15 Training: 2 thousand € measures, mainly concerning agents, as well as contractors I4.2.17 safety clothing, as compared and their employees. It also to only safety gloves and Recurrent requires proactive socialisation safety boots Equipment: 3 thousand €/year of (endemic) diseases in/near Medicines: 2 thousand €/year the forest management Training: 2 thousand €/year enterprise. 5.2 Employe rights, child labour, worker unions FSC contains distinct I1.3.2 Initial requirements for the use of C3.4 Legal reviews: 25 thousand € traditional knowledge. It also International Conventions/ C4.1 Revisions procedures: 5 man days requires local job opportunities Agreements; Discrepancies I4.1.4 Training: 2 thousand € and employment of underage between FSC indicators and workers, and compliance with legislation Recurrent ILO Conventions and Training: 2 thousand €/year contractors and their PHPL-HA 1.1 Forest management enterprise boundaries, ownership, indigenous resources C6.10 Initial Identification encroachment: 50 man days FSC contains distinct Stakeholder engagement: 10 man days requirements for the Forest conversion conversion of natural forests. Recurrent Stakeholder engagement: 10 man days/year
45
9
4
2
30
1
25
5
16
Additional FSC Indicator
Notes
FSC specific requirements
Cost specifications (initial, recurrent)
1.2 Vision, mission and socialization FSC contains distinct C1.4 Initial requirements concerning longC1.6 Public summaries: 10 man days term commitment to adhere to Commitment to FSC P&C and C7.4 the FSC principles and criteria, public summaries C8.5 Recurrent including public summaries of Updates summaries: 2 man days/year planning and monitoring. 1.3 Work experience, employment records, training, legal compliance, planning revisions FSC contains distinct I6.5.6 Contractors, sub-contractors, requirements for contractors I7.3.2 and their workers and their employees. 1.4 Sustainable forest management, management information system, legal compliance, monitoring FSC contains requirements for I1.1.3L copies of relevant legislation International C1.3 being available and Conventions/Agreements I7.3.4 compliance with international 1.5 Annual work plan, socialisation, CSR, forest protection FSC contains distinct I2.2.1 Initial requirements regarding I2.2.2 HCV assessments: 30-55 thousand € maintenance of high C6.1.4 SIA: 30 thousand € conservation value C7.1.5 Stakeholder consultation: 9-11 thousand € High conservation value forests/areas. It also requires C7.2.6 forests; Land certificates; Peer review: 5 thousand € the rights of indigenous and Control over local lands C8.2.8 Training: 2-11 thousand € local people, and requires proactive support of these rights Recurrent by the forest management Training: 2-11 thousand €/year enterprise. 2.1 Business plan C5.4 Initial FSC contains distinct I5.5.1 Identification products/ services: 30 thousand € requirements concerning Stakeholder engagement: 10 man days avoiding dependence on a Monitoring: 2 thousand € Product diversification (NTFP, single forest product, through PES, etc) use of lesser known species, Recurrent non timber forest products, Stakeholder engagement: 10 man days/year and environmental services. Monitoring: 2 thousand €/year 2.2 Harvest regime I5.6.4 Initial FSC contains distinct C6.9 Identification (common) exotic species: 2 thousand € requirements for the harvest of Monitoring: 2 man days non timber forest products and Use of exotic species invasive species, and the use Recurrent of exotic species. Monitoring: 2 man days/year 2.3 Standard operating procedures, guidelines, forest composition changes There are no significant differences between these PHPL and FSC requirements. 2.4 Environmentally friendly practices, sustainability, regeneration, best management practices FSC contains distinct requirements for the use of High Conservation Value I5.2.3 lesser known species and non forests; product diversification timber forest products. 2.5 Annual work plan, maps, implementation, accuracy of plans, protected areas, field markings, monitoring and evaluation FSC contains distinct I5.5.2 requirements for the I5.6.3 Product diversification maintenance of high I7.2.2 conservation value forests, I8.4.1 and diverse products such as 2.6 Allocation, realisation of funds and financial health 3.1 Protected areas, conservation zones, environmental services, stakeholder acknowledgement FSC contains distinct I5.3.3 Initial requirements for the Biodiversity assessments: 25-35 thousand € maintenance of high Training: 5-10 thousand € conservation value forests. It Reserved areas also requires protection of Recurrent environmental services of the Training: 5-10 thousand €/year forest, and wildlife corridors 3.2 Deforestation, encroachment, illegal activities, monitoring and evaluation FSC contains distinct I3.3.4 Initial requirements concerning I6.3.6 Participatory mapping: 10-30 thousand € illegal access to indigenous I8.2.2 Conflict resolution: 5-15 thousand € hunting and gathering sites. It Indigenous rights; Buffer zones also requires buffer zones Recurrent between production areas and Conflict resolution: 5-15 thousand €/year fire/erosion sensitive areas as 3.3 Soil and water protection, monitoring and evaluation procedures, reduced impact logging, roads, erosion control I5.5.3 Initial FSC contains distinct I5.5.4 Infrastructures: 19 thousand € requirements concerning I5.5.5 Policies/procedures: 5 man days pesticides, chemicals and C6.6 Training: 5-10 thousand € waste, and biological control C6.7 Monitoring: 10 man days agents, and mapping and Hazardous materials C6.8 monitoring of environmental services in the forest I8.2.2 Recurrent management enterprise and Training: 5-10 thousand €/year regular inventory of invasive Transport: 6 shipments/year species. Monitoring: 10 man days/year 3.4/3.5/3.6 Flora and fauna, rare and endangered species, monitoring and evaluation FSC contains a distinct requirement on international I8.2.3 Changes in forest composition agreements/conventions on flora/fauna. 4.1 Forest resources, boundaries, land rights
Compliance Costs (€) Initial
Recurrent
1
0
60
16
33
3
2
0
0
0
20
5
22
21
0
0
17
Additional FSC Indicator
Notes
FSC specific requirements
C3.1 FSC contains distinct requirements on management of forests/areas under indigenous claims.
Free, prior and informed consent; Local/indigenous people maintain control over claimed lands
4.2 Legal compliance, corporate social responsibility FSC contains distinct I2.2.1 Land certificates requirements regarding the I2.2.2 rights of indigenous and local 4.3 Indigenous peoples, customary rights FSC contains distinct I5.2.1 Support of traditional requirements covering the I5.4.3 knowledge local marketing/ sales and 4.4 Conflict resolution and mapping, documentation FSC contains a distinct requirement on compensation Accidental damage to I4.5.3 for (inadvertent) damages to resources indigenous lands. 4.5 Links to industries, planned versus actual production FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. It also Optimal use of resources requires best use of harvested trees and species.
Cost specifications (initial, recurrent)
Compliance Costs (€) Initial 10
Recurrent 8
-
0
0
-
0
0
-
0
0
334
113
Initial Consultations: 4-8 thousand € Revisions policy/procedures: 4 thousand € Stakeholder engagement: 800 €/settlement Recurrent Stakeholder engagement: 800 €/settlement.year
18
Annex 2 Requirements match for natural forest management: PHPL/VLK VERSUS FSC This annex covers the final results of matching of FSC Indicators (and parts thereof) against VLK Indicators and PHPL Verifiers. No approved English translation of VLK/PHPL requirements is available, while an approved Indonesian translation of FSC requirements is available. Hence, matching is based on the Indonesian texts of FSC, PHPL and VLK. Where requirements are considered (in part) distinct they are marked in red. VLK Indikator (Legal) 1.1.1. Pemegang izin mampu menunjukkan keabsahan Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu (IUPHHK) dan izin lain yang berada dalam kawasan hutan yang dikelola IUPHHK. Dokumen legal terkait perizinan usaha (SK IUPHHK). • Bukti pemenuhan kewajiban Iuran Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu (IIUPHHK). Penggunaan kawasan yang sah di luar kegiatan IUPHHK (jika ada).
•
Notes:
2.1.1 RKUPHHK/ RPKH dan Rencana Kerja Tahunan (RKT/ Bagan Kerja/ RTT) disahkan oleh yang berwenang. Dokumen RKUPHHK/ RPKH, RKT/ Bagan Kerja/ RTT beserta lampirannya yang telah disahkan oleh pejabat yang berwenang, … • Peta areal yang tidak boleh ditebang pada RKT/ Bagan Kerja/ RTT dan bukti implementasinya di lapangan. Penandaan lokasi blok tebangan/ blok RKT/ petak RTT yang jelas di peta dan terbukti di lapangan. •
FSC Indikator/Kriterion
Kriterion 1.2 Semua bentuk iuran, royalti, pajak dan pungutanpungutan lain yang telah ditetapkan dan berlaku secara resmi harus dilunasi. Kriterion 2.1 Hak-hak kepemilikan dan pemanfaatan jangka panjang atas lahan dan sumberdaya hutan harus didefinisikan secara jelas, didokumentasikan serta diakui secara hukum. Indikator 1.2.3 UPH harus memastikan bahwa persyaratanpersyaratan dari kriteria ini juga telah dipenuhi oleh para kontraktor.
FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. (FSC Criterion 1.2 and Indicator 1.2.3 are also matched with VLK 3.2.1.)
Indikator 2.1.1 UPH harus mendokumentasikan bukti beserta peta-petanya mengenai status hukum, jangka waktu (sekurangkurangnya satu rotasi atau daur tanaman) dari hak dan kepemilikan (termasuk hak adat) untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan di mana sertifikasi akan dilakukan. Indikator 5.3.4L Rencana strategis dan taktis/ operasional pemanenan dan kegiatan pemanenan harus dilaksanakan berdasarkan panduan nasional untuk praktek terbaik (apabila panduan ini tidak ada atau dianggap tidak memadai untuk hutan tropis, Model Code of Forest Harvesting Practice dari FAO akan diberlakukan). Indikator 7.1.14L Harus ada peta-peta yang menunjukkan rencana-rencana pengelolaan dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.
19
VLK Indikator (Legal)
FSC Indikator/Kriterion
Notes:
There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements. (FSC Indicator 7.1.14L is also matched with PHPL 2.5.3.)
2.2.1 Pemegang izin mempunyai rencana kerja yang sah sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Dokumen Rencana Kerja Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu (RKUPHHK) (bisa dalam proses) dengan lampiran-lampirannya. Kesesuaian lokasi dan volume pemanfaatan kayu hutan alam pada areal penyiapan lahan yang diizinkan untuk pembangunan hutan tanaman industri. •
Indikator 2.1.1 UPH harus mendokumentasikan bukti beserta peta-petanya mengenai status hukum, jangka waktu (sekurangkurangnya satu rotasi atau daur tanaman) dari hak dan kepemilikan (termasuk hak adat) untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan di mana sertifikasi akan dilakukan. Indikator 7.1.3 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup: Penjelasan tentang sumberdaya hutan yang dikelola; Batasanbatasan lingkungan; Status tata guna dan kepemilikan lahan; Kondisi sosial ekonomi; dan Gambaran mengenai lahan-lahan di sekitarnya (lihat juga kriteria 5.5). Indikator 7.1.6 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup penjelasan mengenai sistem silvikultur dan/ atau manajemen lainnya, berdasarkan ekologi hutan yang bersangkutan dan informasi yang dikumpulkan melalui inventarisasi sumberdaya hutan (lihat juga Kriteria 5.6, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2). Indikator 7.2.3 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus memasukkan hasilhasil pertimbangan atas perubahan lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi.
Notes:
There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements.
3.1.1 Seluruh kayu bulat yang ditebang/ dipanen atau yang dipanen/ dimanfaatkan telah di– LHP-kan. 3.1.2 Seluruh kayu yang diangkut keluar areal izin dilindungi dengan surat keterangan sahnya hasil hutan. 3.1.3 Pembuktian asal usul kayu bulat (KB) dari pemegang IUPHHK-HA. 3.1.4. Pemegang izin mampu membuktikan adanya catatan angkutan kayu ke luar TPK.
Indikator 1.2.1 UPH harus bisa membuktikan bahwa biayabiaya, royalty, pajak-pajak dan biaya-biaya lainnya (termasuk denda) yang berlaku telah dibayarkan. Indikator 5.3.3 Kayu-kayu dan/ atau produk lainnya, yang dipanen dan diproses di lokasi harus diangkut dari hutan sebelum terjadinya kerusakan atau penurunan kualitas. Indikator 5.6.3 UPH harus menyimpan catatan yang jelas, akurat dan terbaharukan mengenai volume pemanenan untuk semua jenis kayu komersial, dan pemanenan hasil-hasil hutan non kayu yang komersial. Pemanenan aktual tidak boleh melebihi perhitungan tingkat pertumbuhan dalam jangka panjang.8.2.1 Hasil-hasil dari semua produk hasil hutan harus dikumpulkan dan dicatat. Indikator 8.3.1 Suatu prosedur terdokumentasi harus tersedia untuk identifikasi, semua produk, yang dilakukan di tempat pengumpulan kayu, tempat penimbunan kayu dan lokasi-lokasi pengolahan di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan sampai dengan titik penjualan (Gerbang hutan), dengan cara yang memungkinkan untuk penelusuran kembali produk sampai ke sumbernya. Indikator 8.3.2L Data volume dan sumber hasil-hasil hutan yang telah dipanen (misalnya hasil penimbangan, inventarisasi
20
VLK Indikator (Legal)
Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion dan pengukuran) harus tersedia di dalam hutan, di jalur pengangkutan dan di TPK antara dan lokasi-lokasi pengolahan yang dikendalikan oleh UPH. Indikator 8.3.5S Dokumentasi harus tersedia untuk memudahkan penelusuran produk mulai dari hutan sampai ke gerbang hutan. FSC contains a distinct requirement on timely removal of logs and timbers from the forest.
3.2.1. Pemegang izin menunjukkan bukti pelunasan Dana Reboisasi (DR) dan atau Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan (PSDH). Dokumen SPP (Surat Perintah Pembayaran) DR dan/ atau PSDH telah diterbitkan. • Bukti Setor DR dan/ atau PSDH.
•
Kesesuaian tarif DR dan PSDH atas kayu hutan alam (termasuk hasil kegiatan penyiapan lahan untuk pembangunan hutan tanaman) dan kesesuaian tarif PSDH untuk kayu hutan tanaman.
Kriterion 1.2 Semua bentuk iuran, royalti, pajak dan pungutanpungutan lain yang telah ditetapkan dan berlaku secara resmi harus dilunasi. Indikator 1.2.3 UPH harus memastikan bahwa persyaratanpersyaratan dari kriteria ini juga telah dipenuhi oleh para kontraktor.
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. (FSC Criterion 1.2 and FSC Indicator 1.2.3 are also matched with VLK 1.1.1.)
3.3.1 Pemegang izin yang mengirim kayu bulat antar pulau memiliki pengakuan sebagai Pedagang Kayu Antar Pulau Terdaftar (PKAPT). 3.3.2 Pengangkutan kayu bulat yang menggunakan kapal harus kapal yang berbendera Indonesia dan memiliki izin yang sah.
-
Notes:
VLK has distinct requirements concerning inter-island transport and trade.
21
VLK Indikator (Legal)
3.4.1 Implementasi Tanda V-Legal. Tanda V-Legal yang dibubuhkan sesuai ketentuan.
Notes:
4.1.1. Pemegang izin telah memiliki dokumen lingkungan yang telah disahkan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku meliputi seluruh areal kerjanya. Dokumen AMDAL/ DPPL/ UKLUPL/ RKLRPL. 4.1.2. Pemegang izin memiliki laporan pelaksanaan RKL dan RPL yang menunjukkan penerapan tindakan untuk mengatasi dampak lingkungan dan menyediakan manfaat sosial. •
Dokumen RKL dan RPL. Bukti pelaksanaan pengelolaan dan pemantauan dampak penting aspek fisik-kimia, biologi dan sosial. •
Notes:
5.1.1. Prosedur dan Implementasi K3.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Indikator 8.3.3 Invoice penjualan dan dokumen lain yang terkait dengan penjualan, pengapalan dan pengiriman produk-produk bersertifikat harus mencantumkan kode sertifikat lacak-balak dalam format yang benar (misal Nama LS-FM/ COC-XXXXXX). Indikator 8.3.4 Hasil hutan yang tersertifikasi harus benar-benar dibedakan dari produk-produk yang tidak tersertifikasi melalui penandaan atau label, pemisahan dokumen penyimpanan dan disertai dengan invoice dari titik-titik pengangkutan sampai ke titik penjualan (misalnya sampai ke gerbang hutan). There are no significant differences between these VLK and FSC requirements.
Kriterion 6.1 Penilaian mengenai dampak-dampak lingkungan harus dilengkapi –sesuai dengan ukuran, intensitas pengelolaan dan kekhasan sumberdaya yang terkena dampakdan digabungkan secara memadai ke dalam sistem pengelolaan. Penilaian harus mencakup pertimbangan di tingkat lansekap sebagaimana halnya dampak dari sarana pengolahan di lokasi. Dampak-dampak lingkungan harus dinilai sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan yang menimbulkan gangguan terhadap kawasan. Kriterion 6.4 Contoh-contoh yang mewakili ekosistem yang ada di dalam lansekap harus dilindungi dalam keadaan yang alami dan didokumentasikan dalam peta sesuai dengan ukuran dan intensitas kegiatan dan kekhasan sumberdaya yang terkena dampak. Kriterion 8.4 Hasil-hasil monitoring harus disertakan dalam pelaksanaan dan revisi terhadap rencana pengelolaan. Indikator 4.4.1 Harus ada sistem yang menyediakan penilaian dampak sosial, sesuai dengan ukuran dan intensitas dari kegiatan operasional, yang: Mengidentifikasi kelompokkelompok yang terkena dampak; Mencakup konsultasi dengan kelompok-kelompok terkena dampak; Mengidentifikasi dampak-dampak utama dari operasional kepada kelompok tersebut; dan Merinci tindakan-tindakan untuk memperbaiki dampak-dampak negatif yang teridentifikasi Indikator 4.4.2 UPH harus menunjukkan bagaimana mereka memasukan hasil-hasil dari penilaian dampak sosial ke dalam perencanaan dan operasional pengelolaan hutannya. Indikator 8.2.4L UPH harus memiliki sistem terdokumentasi untuk pengumpulan data mengenai keberadaan jenis-jenis satwa kunci di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan yang memadai untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan perubahanperubahan signifikan populasinya dari waktu ke waktu. FSC contains distinct requirements covering changes in the management planning based on monitoring. (FSC 6.1.6 is also matched with PHPL 2.5.3.)
Kriterion 4.2 Pengelolaan hutan harus memenuhi atau bahkan
22
VLK Indikator (Legal) a Pedoman/ prosedur K3. b Ketersediaan peralatan K3. c. Catatan kecelakaan kerja. Pedoman/ prosedur K3. • Ketersediaan peralatan K3. Catatan kecelakaan kerja. •
Notes:
5.2.1. Kebebasan berserikat bagi pekerja. •
Serikat pekerja atau kebijakan perusahaan (auditee) yang membolehkan untuk membentuk atau
FSC Indikator/Kriterion melampaui semua hukum atau peraturan yang berlaku mengenai keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja dan keluarganya. Kriteria 6.6 Sistem pengelolaan harus mendukung pengembangan dan adopsi metode penanggulangan hama penyakit yang ramah lingkungan dan tanpa bahan kimia, serta berusaha untuk menghindari penggunaan bahan-bahan pestisida kimia. Dilarang menggunakan pestisida yang termasuk golongan 1A dan 1 B dalam daftar WHO dan yang mengandung hidrokarbon klorin (chlorinated hydrocarbon), pestisida yang persisten, beracun atau zat turunannya akan tetap aktif secara biologis dan terakumulasi dalam rantai makanan setelah penggunaannya, juga pestisida lain yang dilarang berdasarkan perjanjian internasional. Apabila ada penggunaan bahan kimia, perlengkapan dan pelatihan yang memadai harus diberikan untuk meminimalkan resiko terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan. Kriteria 6.7 Bahan-bahan kimia, kemasan, sampah-sampah non organik padat dan cair termasuk bahan bakar dan minyak pelumas harus dibuang/ dimusnahkan diluar lokasi, dengan cara-cara yang ramah lingkungan. Kriteria 6.8 Penggunaan bahan/ zat pengendali biologis harus didokumentasikan, diminimalkan, dipantau dan dikendalikan secara ketat sesuai dengan peraturan-peraturan nasional dan protokol ilmiah yang diterima secara internasional. Penggunaan organisme hasil rekayasa genetik tidak diperbolehkan. Indikator 4.2.3 ... (staf dan kontraktor) … Indikator 4.2.6 Apabila para pekerja tinggal di kamp, kondisi tempat tinggal dan gizi harus sesuai sekurang-kurangnya dengan yang tercantum dalam Kode praktis ILO untuk kesehatan dan keselamatan di pekerjaan kehutanan. Indikator 4.2.13L … dan para kontraktor … Indikator 4.2.15 Harus ada bukti sebuah program pada Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan yang dapat meningkatkan kesadaran mengenai penyakit-penyakit dan wabah-wabah endemik untuk daerah tersebut yang dapat menyerang para pekerja hutan atau keluarga mereka. Indikator 4.2.17 UPH harus secara proaktif meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat dengan bekerja sama dengan lembaga kesehatan. (LEI 5000-2, S2.5) FSC contains distinct requirements concerning pesticides, chemicals and waste, and biological control agents, as well as contractors and their employees. It also requires proactive socialisation of (endemic) diseases in/near the forest management enterprise.
Kriterion 3.4 Masyarakat adat harus diberi kompensasi untuk penerapan pengetahuan tradisionalnya dalam hal pemanfaatan spesies hutan atau sistem pengelolaan tradisional dalam kegiatan pengelolaan hutan. Kompensasi ini harus disepakati secara formal oleh kedua belah pihak dengan persetujuan dan tanpa paksaan sebelum pelaksanaan operasional kehutanan
23
VLK Indikator (Legal) terlibat dalam kegiatan serikat pekerja. 5.2.[2]. Adanya Kesepakatan Kerja Bersama (KKB) atau Peraturan Perusahaan (PP) yang mengatur hakhak pekerja. • Ketersediaan Dokumen KKB atau PP 5.2.3. Tidak mempekerjakan anak di bawah umur (diluar ketentuan). Pekerja yang masih di bawah umur.
Notes:
PHPL Verifier (Prasyarat) 1.1.1. Ketersediaan dokumen legal dan administrasi tata batas (PP/ SK IUPHHK-HA, Pedoman TBT, Buku TBT, Peta TBT, BATB). 1.1.2. Realisasi tata batas dan legitimasinya (BATB). 1.1.3. Pengakuan para pihak atas eksistensi areal IUPHHK kawasan hutan (BATB). 1.1.4. Tindakan pemegang izin dalam hal terdapat perubahan fungsi kawasan. 1.1.5. Penggunaan kawasan di luar sektor kehutanan. Notes: 1.2.1. Keberadaan
FSC Indikator/Kriterion berlangsung. Kriterion 4.1 Masyarakat di dalam atau di sekitar kawasan pengelolaan hutan harus diberikan kesempatan kerja, pelatihan dan pelayanan lainnya. Indikator 1.3.2 UPH harus memastikan bahwa ketentuanketentuan ILO dihormati. Indikator 4.1.3L Pemberdayaan masyarakat dan karyawan harus didukung melalui pembentukan dan/atau penguatan kelembagaannya. Kriterion 4.3 Hak-hak pekerja untuk berserikat dan berunding dengan pemberi kerja harus dijamin seperti yang ditetapkan dalam Konvensi ILO No. 87 dan 98. Indikator 4.1.4 UPH harus menunjukan bahwa setiap karyawan, para kontraktor dan sub-kontraktor memperoleh hak-hak dan manfaat dasar (upah, pelatihan, dsb.), yang memenuhi atau melampaui semua persyaratan aturan yang berlaku serta yang disediakan dalam pekerjaan/ jabatan yang dapat diperbandingkan di wilayah yang sama. Indikator 4.1.9 Anak berusia di bawah 15 tahun tidak boleh dipekerjakan dalam pekerjaan kehutanan apapun. Indikator 4.1.10 Orang berusia di bawah 18 tahun tidak boleh dipekerjakan malam hari atau melaksanakan tugas berat atau kegiatan yang membahayakan, seperti pemakaian pestisida, pemanenan kecuali untuk tujuan-tujuan pelatihan. FSC contains distinct requirements for the use of traditional knowledge. It also requires local job opportunities and employment of underage workers, and compliance with ILO Conventions and contractors and their employees. FSC Indikator/Kriterion Kriterion 2.1 Hak-hak kepemilikan dan pemanfaatan jangka panjang atas lahan dan sumberdaya hutan harus didefinisikan secara jelas, didokumentasikan serta diakui secara hukum. Kriterion 6.10 Konversi hutan menjadi hutan tanaman atau nonhutan tidak boleh terjadi, kecuali pada kondisi-kondisi dimana konversi ini: (a) meliputi bagian yang sangat terbatas dari satuan pengelolaan hutan; dan (b) tidak terjadi pada kawasan hutan bernilai konservasi tinggi; dan (c) akan memberikan manfaat konservasi yang jelas, penting, tambahan, aman dan jangka panjang diseluruh satuan pengelolaan hutan. Indikator 4.4.4 UPH harus memutakhirkan daftar pemilik lahan disekitarnya dan/ atau mengindentifikasi dan memetakan pemilik lahan disekitarnya. Indikator 3.2.3L UPH harus mendokumentasikan kebijakankebijakan dan prosedur-prosedur untuk mencegah perambahan, atau ancaman langsung atau tidak langsung terhadap sumberdaya atau hak-hak masyarakat adat.
FSC contains distinct requirements for the conversion of natural forests. Kriterion 1.6 Pengelola hutan harus menunjukkan komitmen
24
PHPL Verifier (Prasyarat) dokumen visi, misi dan tujuan perusahaan yang sesuai dengan [Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari]. 1.2.2. Sosialisasi visi, misi dan tujuan perusahaan. 1.2.3. Kesesuaian visi, misi dengan implementasi PHL.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion jangka panjangnya untuk mematuhi prinsip-prinsip dan kriteria FSC. Kriterion 7.4 Dengan tetap menjunjung tinggi kerahasiaan informasi, pengelola hutan harus [mepublikasikan] ringkasan unsur-unsur utama dalam rencana pengelolaannya, termasuk hal-hal yang tercantum dalam kriterion 7.1. Kriterion 8.5 Dengan tetap menghargai aspek kerahasiaan informasi, pengelola hutan harus mepublikasikan ringkasan hasil-hasil monitoring terhadap beberapa indikator, termasuk yang tercantum dalam kriterion 8.2. Indikator 7.1.1 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup tujuan pengelolaan dari Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan yang sedang dinilai. Indikator 7.1.2 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup tujuan konservasi dan/ atau restorasi contoh perwakilan hutan alam di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan (lihat juga kriterion 1.6, 5.5 dan 6.2).
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements concerning long-term commitment to adhere to the FSC principles and criteria, including public summaries of planning and monitoring.
1.3.1. Keberadaan tenaga profesional bidang kehutanan (sarjana kehutanan dan tenaga teknis menengah kehutanan) di lapangan pada setiap bidang kegiatan pengelolaan hutan sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. 1.3.2. Peningkatan kompetensi SDM. 1.3.3. Ketersediaan dokumen ketenagakerjaan.
Kriterion 7.3 Para pekerja hutan harus menerima pelatihan dan pengawasan yang memadai untuk memastikan penerapan yang baik dari rencana pengelolaan. Indikator 6.5.6 Pelatihan harus diberikan kepada karyawan UPH dan para kontraktor untuk memenuhi persyaratan panduan. Indikator 7.2.4L UPH harus menugaskan staff tertentu yang bertanggungjawab untuk memperbaharui rencana pengelolaan secara tepat waktu. Indikator 7.3.2 … (termasuk para kontraktor dan pekerjanya) …
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. (FSC Indicator 7.3.4 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 1.4.4 below.) PHPL is ambiguous over what ‘dokumen ketenaga-kerjaan’ encompasses.
25
PHPL Verifier (Prasyarat)
1.4.1. Kelengkapan unit kerja perusahaan dalam kerangka PHPL. 1.4.2. Keberadaan perangkat Sistem Informasi Manajemen dan tenaga pelaksana. 1.4.3. Keberadaan [Satuan Pengawas Internal]/ internal auditor dan efektifitasnya. 1.4.4. Keterlaksanaan tindak koreksi dan pencegahan manajemen berbasis hasil monitoring dan evaluasi.
Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Kriterion 1.1 Pengelolaan hutan harus menghormati setiap peraturan-peraturan nasional maupun lokal serta persyaratanpersyaratan administratif yang berlaku. Kriterion 1.3 Pada negara-negara yang turut menandatangani, segala ketentuan dalam perjanjian-perjanjian internasional yang bersifat mengikat (seperti CITES, konvensi ILO, ITTA, dan konvensi keanekaragamanhayati) harus dipatuhi. (Lampiran B menyebut Konvensi Ramsar.) Kriterion 1.4 Konflik antara hukum-hukum dan peraturan dengan prinsip-prinsip dan kriteria FSC harus dievaluasi dalam rangka sertifikasi secara kasus per kasus, oleh lembagalembaga sertifikasi dengan melibatkan pihak-pihak yang terkait atau terpengaruh. Kriterion 8.1 Frekuensi dan intensitas monitoring semestinya ditentukan berdasarkan ukuran dan intensitas operasional pengelolaan hutan serta kompleksitas dan kerentanan lingkungan yang terkena dampak. Prosedur monitoring semestinya konsisten dan dapat diulang setiap waktu untuk memperoleh perbandingan hasil-hasil dan penilaian perubahan-perubahannya. Indikator 1.1.3L UPH harus memiliki salinan dari aturan-aturan nasional, perundang-undangan dan persyaratan hukum lainnya yang terkait, serta tersedia di Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 4.1.6L Kebijakan dan prosedur harus menjelaskan kualifikasi, keterampilan dan pengalaman sebagai dasar untuk perekrutan, penempatan, pelatihan dan pengembangan staf pada semua tingkatan dan harus diterapkan. Indikator 7.3.4 Semua pekerja (termasuk para kontraktor dan pekerjanya) harus diawasai untuk memastikan pelaksanaan tugas-tugas mereka dilakukan dengan aman dan efektif, dan UPH juga memonitor kualitas pekerjaannya. FSC contains requirements for copies of relevant legislation being available and compliance with international agreements. It also contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. (FSC Indicator 7.3.4 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 1.3.2 above.) PHPL is ambiguous over what ‘Sistem Informasi Manajemen’ encompasses.
26
PHPL Verifier (Prasyarat)
1.5.1. Persetujuan rencana penebangan melalui peningkatan pemahaman, keterlibatan, pencatatan proses dan diseminasi isi kandungannya. 1.5.2. Persetujuan dalam proses tata batas. 1.5.3. Persetujuan dalam proses dan pelaksanaan [Corporate Social Responsibility]/ [Community Development]. 1.5.4. Persetujuan dalam proses penetapan kawasan lindung.
Notes:
PHPL Verifier (Produksi) 2.1.1. Keberadaan dokumen rencana jangka panjang (management plan) yang telah disetujui oleh pejabat yang
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Prinsip 9 Pemeliharaan Kawasan Hutan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi Kriterion 2.2 Masyarakat setempat yang memiliki hak legal atau penguasaan adat atau pemanfaatan, harus mempertahankan kendali untuk melindungi hak atau sumberdaya mereka dalam kegiatan kehutanan, kecuali mereka mendelegasikan pengendalian dengan persetujuan tanpa paksaan kepada lembaga lain. Indikator 2.2.1 UPH harus mendorong masyarakat setempat untuk memohon Peraturan Daerah atas hak adat dan/ atau melalui penentuan batas-batas kawasan hak melalui pemetaan partisipatif. Indikator 2.2.2 Apabila operasional kehutanan dilakukan di atas lahan dimana masyarakat setempat memiliki hak legal atau penguasaan adat atau pemanfaatan, UPH harus membuktikan bahwa masyarakat tersebut: ANTARA mempertahankan kendali yang jelas atau langsung atas operasional kehutanan sampai pada tingkat yang diperlukan untuk melindungi hak dan sumberdaya mereka; ATAU telah mendelegasikan pengendalian tersebut dengan persetujuan tanpa paksaan kepada lembaga lain atau kepada SPH. Indikator 6.1.4 Penilaian dampak lingkungan harus secara tegas mempertimbangkan potensi-potensi dampak terhadap setiap NKT yang teridentifikasi dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 7.1.5 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH mencakup informasi dan pertimbangan khusus mengenai keberadaan setiap areal yang bernilai konservasi tinggi (lihat Prinsip 9) di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 7.2.6 Apabila ada hutan bernilai konservasi tinggi atau nilai konservasi tinggi, dokumen perencanaan harus menyediakan informasi lokasi khusus yang menjelaskan tidakan-tindakan yang diambil untuk melindungi atau mengembalikan nilai-nilai tersebut. Indikator 8.2.8 Harus ada data yang dikumpulkan secara memadai untuk menunjukkan pemeliharaan setiap nilai konservasi tinggi di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan (Lihat juga Indikator Kriteria 9.1). FSC contains distinct requirements regarding maintenance of high conservation value forests/areas. It also requires the rights of indigenous and local people, and requires pro-active support of these rights by the forest management enterprise. (FSC Criterion 2.2 and Indicators 2.2.1/2.2.2 are also matched with PHPL 4.2.2.) (For PHPL Verifier 1.5.4 see also PHPL Verifier 3.1.4.)
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Kriterion 5.4 Pengelolaan hutan harus berusaha untuk memperkuat dan melakukan diversifikasi ekonomi lokal, untuk menghindari ketergantungan terhadap satu jenis hasil hutan. Indikator 5.5.1 Jasa-jasa dan sumberdaya hutan (misal; daerah
27
PHPL Verifier (Produksi) berwenang. 2.1.2. Kesesuaian implementasi penataan areal kerja di lapangan dengan rencana jangka panjang. 2.1.3. Pemeliharaan batas blok dan petak/ [k]ompartemen kerja.
Notes:
2.2.1. Terdapat data pote[n]si tegakan per tipe ekosistem yang ada (berbasis [Inventarisasi Hutan Menyeluruh Berkala]/ Survei Potensi, [Inventarisasi Tegakan Sebelum Penebangan], Risalah Hutan). 2.2.2. Terdapat informasi tentang riap tegakan. 2.2.3. Terdapat perhitungan internal/ self [Jatah Tebang Tahunan] berbasis data potens[i]/ hasil inventarisasi dan kondisi kemampuan pertumbuhan tegakan.
Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion aliran sungai, kegiatan rekreasi, wisata dan kontribusi hutan terhadap keanekaragamanhayati wilayah) harus diidentifikasi dalam rencana pengelolaan hutan atau dokumen sejenisnya.
FSC contains distinct requirements concerning avoiding dependence on a single forest product, through use of lesser known species, non timber forest products, and environmental services. (FSC 5.5.1 is also matched with PHPL 3.1.1.) PHPL’s distinct requirements concern management of the logging blocks and work compartments.
Kriterion 5.6 Tingkat pemanenan hasil hutan tidak melebihi tingkat kelestarian yang permanen. Kriterion 6.9 Penggunaan jenis-jenis eksotis harus dikendalikan secara hati-hati dan dimonitor secara aktif untuk menghindari dampak-dampak ekologis yang merugikan. Indikator 5.6.4 Pemanenan hasil hutan non kayu tidak boleh melebihi perhitungan tingkat pertumbuhan dalam jangka panjang dan tidak berpengaruh buruk terhadap suplai makanan untuk hidupan liar. Indikator 7.1.7 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup alasan yang jelas untuk penentuan jatah tebang tahunan dan pemilihan jenis (lihat juga kriterion 5.6). Indikator 8.2.2 Inventarisasi umum secara periodik atas stok hutan dan kondisinya (termasuk keberadaan hama, penyakit, bukti-bukti adanya pemadatan tanah, erosi, jenis-jenis invasive yang tidak diinginkan) harus dilaksanakan dengan mencakup keseluruhan areal hutan produksi secara bergiliran dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan. Indikator 8.2.3 Data-data yang dikumpulkan selama inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan dan inventarisasi umum harus memadai untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan perubahan-perubahan signifikan dari flora dan fauna dari waktu ke waktu. FSC contains distinct requirements for the harvest of non timber forest products and invasive species, and the use of exotic species. (FSC 5.6.3 is also matched with PHPL 2.5.4. FSC Indicator 8.2.2 is also matched with PHPL Verifiers 2.3.3, 3.2.1 and 3.3.1. FSC 8.2.3 is also matched with PHPL 3.4.1.) (PHPL covers soil, water and erosion under 3.2, and pest and diseases under 3.3.)
28
PHPL Verifier (Produksi)
2.3.1. Ketersediaan standard operating procedures seluruh tahapan kegiatan sistem silvikultur. 2.3.2. Implementasi standard operating procedures seluruh tahapan kegiatan sistem silvikultur. 2.3.3. Tingkat kecukupan potensi tegakan sebelum masak tebang. 2.3.4. Tingkat kecukupan potensi permudaan.
Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Indikator 6.5.1 Kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan (seperti yang teridentifikasi pada kriteria 6.1) harus memiliki petunjuk tertulis yang menjelaskan praktekpraktek yang dapat diterima, yang tersedia bagi para pengelola hutan dan pengawas. Petunjuk-petunjuk operasional ini harus memenuhi atau melampui praktek pengelolaan terbaik di tingkat nasional atau tingkat wilayah. Indikator 6.5.2 Panduan yang dikembangkan dalam Indikator 6.5.1 harus dilaksanakan selama operasional dan perencanaan. Indikator 7.1.11 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup penjelasan dan alasan mengenai teknik pemanenan dan peralatan yang akan digunakan (lihat juga Kriteria 6.5). Indikator 7.1.12 Prosedur-prosedur untuk monitoring regenerasi dan pertumbuhan hutan harus didokumentasikan. Indikator 8.2.2 Inventarisasi umum secara periodik atas stok hutan dan kondisinya (termasuk keberadaan hama, penyakit, bukti-bukti adanya pemadatan tanah, erosi, jenis-jenis invasive yang tidak diinginkan) harus dilaksanakan dengan mencakup keseluruhan areal hutan produksi secara bergiliran dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan. Indikator 8.2.3 Data-data yang dikumpulkan selama inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan dan inventarisasi umum harus memadai untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan perubahan-perubahan signifikan dari flora dan fauna dari waktu ke waktu. There are no significant differences between these PHPL and FSC requirements. (FSC Indicator 8.2.2 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 2.2.3, 3.2.1 and 3.3.1.)
29
PHPL Verifier (Produksi)
2.4.1. Ketersediaan prosedur pemanfaatan/ pengelolaan hutan ramah lingkungan. 2.4.2. Penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Indikator 5.2.2L UPH harus mempromosikan pemanenan berkelanjutan serta pengembangan pasar jenis-jenis hutan yang umum, kurang dikenal, termasuk HHBK. Indikator 5.2.3 Hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) harus turut dipertimbangkan selama pemanfaatan hutan dan pengolahannya. Indikator 6.3.2 Di kawasan hutan alam dan bukan hutan tanaman yang dikelola untuk produksi, silvikultur dan/ atau sistem pengelolaan lainnya dari SPH harus dirancang untuk mendorong dan memanfaatkan regenerasi alami (misal: identifikasi, penyimpanan dan pemetaan pohon induk, jadwal pemanenan, rancangan dan ukuran areal pemanenan, perlakuan lokasi pasca panen dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang), kecuali data menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pengayaan dapat meningkatkan atau memulihkan keragaman genetika, jenis atau ekosistem. Indikator 6.5.3 Kebijakan dan prosedur untuk rancangan dan pembangunan jalan-jalan baru meliputi norma-norma berikut dengan mengutamakan perlindungan sumberdaya air, dengan menerapkan: Penyeberangan sungai/ aliran air harus direncanakan sebelum memulai kegiatan dan ditunjukkan dalam peta yang sesuai; Jumlah penyeberangan aliran air harus diminimalkan; Penyeberangan aliran air harus pada sudut yang tepat dari aliran; Jalan dan jalur lembah harus dijaga sejauh mungkin dari aliran air; Gorong-gorong harus dirancang sehingga tidak mengganggu perpindahan jenis-jenis satwa perairan, peningkatan laju air atau membelah dasar sungai menjadi tidak sesuai untuk jenis-jenis perairan; dan Struktur drainase tidak diarahkan ke aliran air alami. Apabila tidak terhindarkan, jebakan endapan yang dikosongkan secara rutin harus terpasang.
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements for the use of lesser known species and non timber forest products. (FSC Indicator 5.2.1 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 4.3.2. FSC Indicator 6.5.3 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 3.3.1.) PHPL’s RIL guide (‘as assigned by the MoEF’) is likely ‘2001 Elias et al - Pedoman Reduced Impact Logging Indonesia’ (available online). This guide covers (a.o.) restoration of various areas – including log landings, river-crossings, and quarries – but not lesser known species or non timber forest products.
2.4.3. Tingkat kerusakan tegakan tinggal minimal dan keterbukaan wilayah. 2.4.4. Limbah pemanfaatan hutan minimal.
Indikator 5.3.1 Teknik-teknik penebangan harus dirancang untuk menghindari kerusakan kayu, penurunan kualitas kayu dan kerusakan terhadap tegakan dan sumberdaya hutan lainnya. Indikator 6.5.10 Metode pemanenan dan penyaradan dirancang untuk meminimalkan kerusakan pada tegakan tinggal dan regenerasi. Indikator 5.3.2 Limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan pemanenan, pengolahan dan pengambilan di tempat harus diminimalkan, misalnya dengan menggunakan limbah pemanenan untuk perlindungan tanah dan jalan sarad.
30
PHPL Verifier (Produksi) Notes:
2.5.1. Keberadaan dokumen rencana kerja jangka pendek (RKT) yang disusun berdasarkan rencana kerja jangka panjang (RKU) dan disahkan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku (Dinas Prov, self approval). 2.5.2. Kesesuaian peta kerja dalam rencana jangka pendek dengan rencana jangka panjang. 2.5.3. Implementasi peta kerja berupa penandaan batas blok tebangan/ dipanen/ dimanfaatkan/ ditanam/ dipelihara beserta areal yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan lindung (untuk konservasi/ buffer zone/ pelestarian plasma nutfah/ religi/ budaya/ sarana prasarana dan penelitian dan pengembangan). 2.5.4. Kesesuaian lokasi, luas, kelompok jenis dan volume panen dengan dokumen rencana jangka pendek.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion There are no significant differences between these PHPL and FSC requirements.
Prinsip 9 Pemeliharaan Kawasan Hutan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi Indikator 5.5.2 UPH harus melindungi keseluruhan jasa hutan yang tercakup dalam kawasan hutannya, termasuk daerah aliran sungai, perikanan untuk komersial atau rekreasi, (atau pasokan air ke perikanan di hilir), kualitas visual, kontribusi terhadap keanekaragamanhayati wilayah, rekreasi dan pariwisata. Indikator 5.6.3 UPH harus menyimpan catatan yang jelas, akurat dan terbaharukan mengenai volume pemanenan untuk semua jenis kayu komersial, dan pemanenan hasil-hasil hutan non kayu yang komersial. Pemanenan aktual tidak boleh melebihi perhitungan tingkat pertumbuhan dalam jangka panjang. Indikator 6.5.4 Peta-peta dan/ atau rencana kerja harus dibuat pada skala yang memungkinkan pengawasan yang efektif pengelolaan tanah dan sumberdaya air dan kegiatan perlindungannya. Indikator 6.5.5 Peta-peta topografi harus disiapkan sebelum memulai kegiatan penebangan atau pembuatan jalan. Indikator 6.1.4 Penilaian dampak lingkungan harus secara tegas mempertimbangkan potensi-potensi dampak terhadap setiap NKT yang teridentifikasi dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 6.1.6 UPH harus mengidentifikasi ukuran/proporsi dari kawasan lindung yang dirancang dengan baik (mempertimbangkan jenis langka/endemis/dilindungi, ekosistem unik, hutan bernilai konservasi tinggi) dari total luas UPH yang harus dilindungi, ini harus diketahui dan/atau diakui oleh semua pihak yang terkait. Indikator 7.1.4 UPH harus tahu dan ditandai di peta, kawasan yang telah ditebang sebelumnya. Indikator 7.1.10 Sebelum memulai pemanenan dan pembangunan jalan, harus ada peta-peta yang jelas dan mudah diperoleh (pada skala yang memadai untuk panduan perencanaan dan pengawasan) yang menjelaskan basis sumberdaya hutan termasuk areal-areal perlindungan, rencana kegiatan pengelolaan dari UPH dan kepemilikan lahan, pada skala yang memadai untuk tujuan-tujuan masing-masing. Indikator 7.1.14L Harus ada peta-peta yang menunjukkan rencana-rencana pengelolaan dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Indikator 7.1.5 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH mencakup informasi dan pertimbangan khusus mengenai keberadaan setiap areal yang bernilai konservasi tinggi (lihat Prinsip 9) di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 7.2.1 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus direvisi dan diperbaharui secara tepat waktu dan konsisten. Indikator 7.2.2 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumen-
31
PHPL Verifier (Produksi)
Notes:
2.6.1. Kondisi kesehatan finansial. 2.6.2. Realisasi alokasi dana yang cukup berdasarkan laporan penatausahaan keuangan yang dibuat sesuai dengan Pedoman Pelaporan Keuangan Pemanfaatan Hutan Produksi (yang telah diaudit oleh akuntan publik). 2.6.3. Realisasi alokasi dana yang proporsional. 2.6.4. Realisasi pendanaan yang lancar. 2.6.5. Modal yang ditanamkan (kembali) ke hutan. 2.6.6. Realisasi kegiatan fisik penanaman/ pembinaan hutan. Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion dokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus memasukkan hasilhasil monitoring dan/ atau informasi teknis dan ilmiah terbaru. Indikator 7.2.5 Rencana pengelolaan harus direview sekurangkurangnya setiap 5 tahun dan diperbaharui dengan hasil-hasil monitoring. Indikator 7.2.6 Apabila ada hutan bernilai konservasi tinggi atau nilai konservasi tinggi, dokumen perencanaan harus menyediakan informasi lokasi khusus yang menjelaskan tidakan-tindakan yang diambil untuk melindungi atau mengembalikan nilai-nilai tersebut. Indikator 8.2.8 Harus ada data yang dikumpulkan secara memadai untuk menunjukkan pemeliharaan setiap nilai konservasi tinggi di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 8.4.1 UPH harus mampu menujukkan bahwa hasilhasil monitoring sebagaimana tercantum dalam kriteria 8.1. dan 8.2. dimasukkan dalam revisi rencana pengelolaan. FSC contains distinct requirements for the maintenance of high conservation value forests, and diverse products such as non timber forest products and environmental services. It also requires the incorporation of new scientific and technical information in the planning, and revisions of the management plan based on monitoring results. (FSC 5.5.2 is also matched with PHPL 3.1.1. FSC Indicator 5.6.3 is also matched with PHPL 2.2.3. FSC Indicator 6.1.6 is also matched with PHPL 4.4.1. FSC Indicator 7.1.14L is also matched with VLK 2.1.1.)
Kriterion 5.1. Pengelolaan hutan harus berusaha untuk mencapai kesinambungan ekonomi dengan memasukkan biaya-biaya lingkungan, sosial dan operasional produksi sepenuhnya, juga menjamin kecukupan investasi penting untuk menjaga produktivitas ekologis hutan.
PHPL contains a distinct requirements concerning financial health (liquidity, solvability and profitability) of the forest
32
PHPL Verifier (Produksi)
FSC Indikator/Kriterion management enterprise, as well as a public accountant report.
PHPL Verifier (Ekologi)
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Prinsip 9 Pemeliharaan Kawasan Hutan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi Kriterion 5.5 Kegiatan pengelolaan hutan harus mengenali, memelihara dan, apabila memungkinkan, meningkatkan nilai jasa sumberdaya hutan seperti daerah aliran sungai (DAS) dan perikanan. Indikator 5.5.2 UPH harus melindungi keseluruhan jasa hutan yang tercakup dalam kawasan hutannya, termasuk daerah aliran sungai, perikanan untuk komersial atau rekreasi, (atau pasokan air ke perikanan di hilir), kualitas visual, kontribusi terhadap keanekaragamanhayati wilayah, rekreasi dan pariwisata. Indikator 6.2.3 Sesuai ukuran dan intensitas pengelolaan hutannya, kawasan konservasi, kawasan lindung dan tindakantindakan perlindungan lainnya harus dikembangkan berdasarkan persyaratan-persyaratan yang memadai secara teknis untuk melindungi jenis-jenis yang langka, terancam dan hampir punah serta habitatnya. Indikator 6.2.9 Pemilihan zona konservasi dan kawasan lindung ditetapkan berdasarkan potensinya untuk memaksimalkan sumbangsihnya untuk memelihara atau meningkatkan keanekaragamanhayati. Indikator 6.2.10 Pergerakan jenis satwa dan tumbuhan kunci antara kawasan lindung dan pemanenan didukung dengan mempertahankan koridor berupa hutan yang tidak ditebang berdasarkan aliran air yang berhubungan dengan kelerengan dan perpotongan punggung bukit yang menghubungkan kantong-kantong hutan yang luas yang tidak akan ditebang. Indikator 6.3.4 Pohon-pohon tua, pohon-pohon yang tidak komersial, pohon-pohon dengan nilai ekologis khusus, tegakan yang mati berdiri dan kayu-kayu yang roboh secara sistematis harus dipertahankan di areal produktif SPH, dan diupayakan agar jumlahnya memadai untuk mendukung hidupan liar yang tergantung pada kayu-kayu tua dan kayu mati di dalam satuan pengelolaan hutan. Indikator 7.1.8 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya UPH harus merinci usaha-usaha perlindungan lingkungan yang berdasarkan penilaian lingkungan (lihat juga Kriteria 6.1, 9.3). Indikator 6.1.4 Penilaian dampak lingkungan harus secara tegas mempertimbangkan potensi-potensi dampak terhadap setiap NKT yang teridentifikasi dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 7.1.5 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH mencakup informasi dan pertimbangan khusus mengenai keberadaan setiap areal yang bernilai konservasi tinggi (lihat Prinsip 9) di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. Indikator 7.2.6 Apabila ada hutan bernilai konservasi tinggi atau nilai konservasi tinggi, dokumen perencanaan harus menyediakan informasi lokasi khusus yang menjelaskan tidakan-tindakan yang diambil untuk melindungi atau
3.1.1. Luasan kawasan dilindungi.
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PHPL Verifier (Ekologi)
Notes:
3.1.2. Penataan kawasan dilindungi (persentase yang telah ditandai, tanda batas dikenali). 3.1.3. Kondisi penutupan kawasan dilindungi. 3.1.4. Pengakuan para pihak terhadap kawasan dilindungi. 3.1.5. Laporan pengelolaan kawasan lindung hasil tata ruang areal/ land scaping sesuai RKL/ RPL dan/ atau tata ruang yang ada di dalam RKU.
Notes:
3.2.1. Ketersediaan prosedur perlindungan
FSC Indikator/Kriterion mengembalikan nilai-nilai tersebut. Indikator 8.2.8 Harus ada data yang dikumpulkan secara memadai untuk menunjukkan pemeliharaan setiap nilai konservasi tinggi di dalam Satuan Pengelolaan Hutan. FSC contains distinct requirements for the maintenance of high conservation value forests. It also requires protection of environmental services of the forest, and wildlife corridors and “wildlife” trees to be protected from logging. (FSC 5.5.1 is also matched with PHPL 2.1.1. FSC 5.5.2 is also matched with PHPL 2.5.3.) Kriterion 3.3 Situs yang bernilai budaya khusus, ekologi, ekonomi dan religius bagi masyarakat adat harus diidentifikasi dengan jelas bekerjasama dengan masyarakat tersebut, untuk kemudian diakui dan dilindungi oleh pengelola hutan. Indikator 6.2.4 Kawasan-kawasan konservasi harus ditandai pada peta dan juga, apabila diperlukan, ditandai di lapangan. Indikator 6.2.6 Sekurang-kurangnya 10% dari kawasan hutan dirancang sebagai kawasan konservasi, diidentifikasi di peta, dan dikelola dengan keanekaragamanhayati sebagai salah satu tujuan utama. (Kawasan konservasi tidak harus selalu kawasan berhutan. Kawasan ini bisa mencakup lahan-lahan basah dan lahan terbuka, dan mungkin memiliki fungsi/ tujuan ganda.) Indikator 6.2.7 Sekurang-kurangnya setengah dari kawasan konservasi ini (misal 5% dari total kawasan hutan) dirancang sebagai kawasan lindung, diidentifikasi di peta dan dilindungi sepenuhnya dari pemanenan komersial. Indikator 8.2.5 Areal konservasi (lihat 6.2) dimonitor secara rutin untuk menjamin bahwa tidak ada kemunduran atau gangguan. Indikator 8.2.6 UPH melakukan monitoring mengenai pengaruh dari kegiatan operasional kehutanan terhadap jenis-jenis flora dan fauna, termasuk habitat perairan (nama, kelimpahan, sebaran, persyaratan habitat, biologi, ekologi, perilaku), sepadan dengan luasan dan intensitas pengelolaan hutan, serta kelangkaan dan kerentanan ekosistem hutan dan jenisjenis yang terdapat didalamnya. Indikator 8.2.7S Penanggung jawab dalam satuan pengelolaan hutan harus menyimpan catatan-catatan mengenai keberadaan setiap jenis-jenis flora dan fauna yang diketahui, yang memadai untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan dari waktu ke waktu. (FSC Indicator 3.3.1 is also matched with PHPL 3.2.1. FSC Indicators 8.2.6 and 8.2.7S are also matched with PHPL 3.5.1.) PHPL contains a distinct requirement concerning stakeholder recognition of the protection/conservation areas in the forest management enterprise. (For PHPL Verifier 3.1.4 see also PHPL Verifier 1.5.4)
Kriterion 1.5 Kawasan pengelolaan hutan harus dilindungi dari penebangan liar, pemukiman dan kegiatan-kegiatan tidak sah lainnya.
34
PHPL Verifier (Ekologi) yang sesuai dengan jenisjenis gangguan yang ada. 3.2.2. Sarana prasarana perlindungan gangguan hutan. 3.2.3. [Sumber Daya Manusia] perlindungan hutan.
3.2.4. Implementasi perlindungan gangguan hutan (preemptif/ preventif/ represif).
Notes:
3.3.1. Ketersediaan prosedur pengelolaan dan pemantauan dampak terhadap tanah & air. 3.3.2. Sarana pengelolaan dan pemantauan dampak terhadap tanah dan air. 3.3.3. SDM pengelolaan dan pemantauan dampak terhadap tanah dan air. 3.3.4. Rencana dan implementasi pengelolaan dampak terhadap tanah dan air (teknis sipil dan vegetatif). 3.3.5. Rencana dan implementasi pemantauan dampak terhadap tanah dan air.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Kriterion 3.3 Situs yang bernilai budaya khusus, ekologi, ekonomi dan religius bagi masyarakat adat harus diidentifikasi dengan jelas bekerjasama dengan masyarakat tersebut, untuk kemudian diakui dan dilindungi oleh pengelola hutan. Indikator 3.3.4 UPH harus mengendalikan akses illegal terhadap lokasi-lokasi masyarakat adat berburu dan mengambil tumbuhan. Indikator 6.2.8 UPH harus memiliki sistem untuk menjamin bahwa semua tindakan diambil untuk melawan perburuan, pemancingan, penjeratan dan pengumpulan illegal atau tidak sah di dalam satuan pengelolaan hutan. Indikator 6.3.6 Areal perlindungan harus dibangun antara areal pengelolaan dengan areal-areal yang beresiko tinggi untuk kebakaran atau erosi (misal: berbatasan dengan kawasan penggembalaan atau areal pertanian kecil). Indikator 7.1.13 Kebutuhan untuk pengelolaan dan pengendalian kebakaran harus dievaluasi dan didokumentasikan. Indikator 8.2.2 Inventarisasi umum secara periodik atas stok hutan dan kondisinya (termasuk keberadaan hama, penyakit, bukti-bukti adanya pemadatan tanah, erosi, jenis-jenis invasive yang tidak diinginkan) harus dilaksanakan dengan mencakup keseluruhan areal hutan produksi secara bergiliran dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan. FSC contains distinct requirements concerning illegal access to indigenous hunting and gathering sites. It also requires buffer zones between production areas and fire/erosion sensitive areas as well as a regular inventory of invasive species. (FSC Indicator 3.3.1 is also matched with PHPL 3.1.2. FSC Indicator 8.2.2 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 2.2.1, 2.2.3, and 3.3.1.)
Kriteria 6.6 Sistem pengelolaan harus mendukung pengembangan dan adopsi metode penanggulangan hama penyakit yang ramah lingkungan dan tanpa bahan kimia, serta berusaha untuk menghindari penggunaan bahan-bahan pestisida kimia. Dilarang menggunakan pestisida yang termasuk golongan 1A dan 1 B dalam daftar WHO dan yang mengandung hidrokarbon klorin (chlorinated hydrocarbon), pestisida yang persisten, beracun atau zat turunannya akan tetap aktif secara biologis dan terakumulasi dalam rantai makanan setelah penggunaannya, juga pestisida lain yang dilarang berdasarkan perjanjian internasional. Apabila ada penggunaan bahan kimia, perlengkapan dan pelatihan yang memadai harus diberikan untuk meminimalkan resiko terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan. Kriteria 6.7 Bahan-bahan kimia, kemasan, sampah-sampah non organik padat dan cair termasuk bahan bakar dan minyak pelumas harus dibuang/ dimusnahkan diluar lokasi, dengan cara-cara yang ramah lingkungan. Kriteria 6.8 Penggunaan bahan/ zat pengendali biologis harus didokumentasikan, diminimalkan, dipantau dan dikendalikan secara ketat sesuai dengan peraturan-peraturan nasional dan
35
PHPL Verifier (Ekologi) 3.3.6. Dampak terhadap tanah dan air.
Notes:
FSC Indikator/Kriterion protokol ilmiah yang diterima secara internasional. Penggunaan organisme hasil rekayasa genetik tidak diperbolehkan. Indikator 5.5.3 UPH harus melindungi daerah sempadan aliran sungai, kolam, mata air dan danau, sesuai dengan persyaratan yang diatur dalam peraturan nasional atau praktek pengelolaan terbaik. Indikator 5.5.4 UPH harus memetakan daerah perlindungan sempadan sungai yang dapat meningkatkan nilai jasa dan sumberdaya hutan seperti daerah aliran sungai dan perikanan. Indikator 5.5.5 UPH harus memiliki informasi penggunaan air di daerah hilir dari daerah aliran sungai hutannya. Indikator 6.3.3 Apabila lahan kritis teridentifikasi didalam unit pengelolaan, silvikultur dan sistem pengelolaan harus mencakup sebuah program untuk restorasi lokasi ini. Indikator 6.3.5 Metode-metode untuk penyiapan lahan dan pemanenan harus dirancang untuk meminimalkan pemadatan tanah dan memaksimalkan penyimpanan nutrisi di lokasi. Indikator 6.3.7 Tidak boleh ada bukti bahwa pemanenan dari lokasi mengurangi potensi produktivitas tanah dalam jangka panjang. Indikator 6.5.3 Kebijakan dan prosedur untuk rancangan dan pembangunan jalan-jalan baru meliputi norma-norma berikut dengan mengutamakan perlindungan sumberdaya air, dengan menerapkan: Penyeberangan sungai/ aliran air harus direncanakan sebelum memulai kegiatan dan ditunjukkan dalam peta yang sesuai; Jumlah penyeberangan aliran air harus diminimalkan; Penyeberangan aliran air harus pada sudut yang tepat dari aliran; Jalan dan jalur lembah harus dijaga sejauh mungkin dari aliran air; Gorong-gorong harus dirancang sehingga tidak mengganggu perpindahan jenis-jenis satwa perairan, peningkatan laju air atau membelah dasar sungai menjadi tidak sesuai untuk jenis-jenis perairan; dan Struktur drainase tidak diarahkan ke aliran air alami. Apabila tidak terhindarkan, jebakan endapan yang dikosongkan secara rutin harus terpasang. Indikator 6.5.7 Jalan-jalan baru tidak boleh dibangun di dasar aliran air. Jalan-jalan yang sudah ada di dasar aliran air harus ditutup dan diganti. Indikator 6.5.8 Tidak boleh ada bukti pendangkalan atau kerusakan lainnya sumberdaya air. Indikator 6.5.9 Teknik pemanenan dirancang untuk meminimalkan ersoi dan air limpasan. Indikator 8.2.2 Inventarisasi umum secara periodik atas stok hutan dan kondisinya (termasuk keberadaan hama, penyakit, bukti-bukti adanya pemadatan tanah, erosi, jenis-jenis invasive yang tidak diinginkan) harus dilaksanakan dengan mencakup keseluruhan areal hutan produksi secara bergiliran dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan. FSC contains distinct requirements concerning pesticides, chemicals and waste, and biological control agents, and mapping and monitoring of environmental services in the forest management enterprise and regular inventory of invasive species. (FSC Indicator 6.5.3 is also matched with PHPL
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PHPL Verifier (Ekologi)
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Verifier 3.3.1. FSC Indicator 8.2.2 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 2.2.1, 2.2.3, and 3.2.1.)
3.4.1. Ketersediaan prosedur identifikasi flora dan fauna yang dilindungi dan/ atau langka, jarang, terancam punah dan endemik mengacu pada perundangan/ peraturan yang berlaku. 3.4.2. Implementasi kegiatan identifikasi. 3.5.1. Ketersedian prosedur pengelolaan flora yang dilindungi mengacu pada peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. 3.5.2. Implementasi kegiatan pengelolaan flora sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. 3.5.3. Kondisi spesies flora dilindungi dan/ atau jarang, langka dan terancam punah dan endemik. 3.6.1. Ketersedian prosedur pengelolaan fauna yang dilindungi mengacu pada peraturanperundangan yang berlaku, dan tercakup kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksana, kegiatan, dan pemantauan. 3.6.2. Realisasi pelaksanaan kegiatan pengelolaan fauna sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. 3.6.3. Kondisi species fauna dilindungi dan/ atau jarang, langka dan terancam punah dan endemik.
Kriterion 1.3 Pada negara-negara yang turut menandatangani, segala ketentuan dalam perjanjian-perjanjian internasional yang bersifat mengikat (seperti CITES, konvensi ILO, ITTA, dan konvensi keanekaragamanhayati) harus dipatuhi. Indikator 6.2.1 Keberadaan atau kemungkinan keberadaan jenis-jenis langka, terancam dan hampir punah dan habitatnya (misalnya lokasi sarang dan pakannya) di dalam SPH harus diidentifikasi dan didaftar dengan dasar informasi dan keahlian terbaik yang tersedia, (Misal red list IUCN dan peraturan pemerintah No. 7/ 99). Indikator 6.2.2 Rencana pengelolaan dan kebijakan dan prosedur lainnya yang terkait dari perusahaan harus mengidentifikasi secara jelas tindakan-tindakan yang diambil untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan perlindungan dan usaha perlindungan keberadaan jenis-jenis langka, terancam dan hampir punah dan habitatnya dalam satuan pengelolaan hutan secara keseluruhan. Indikator 7.1.9 Rencana pengelolaan dan/ atau dokumendokumen pendukungnya dari UPH harus mencakup rencana untuk identifikasi dan perlindungan jenis-jenis langka, terancam dan hampir punah (lihat juga Kriteria 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 9.3). Indikator 8.2.3 Data-data yang dikumpulkan selama inventarisasi pra dan paska penebangan dan inventarisasi umum harus memadai untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan perubahan-perubahan signifikan dari flora dan fauna dari waktu ke waktu. Indikator 8.2.6 UPH melakukan monitoring mengenai pengaruh dari kegiatan operasional kehutanan terhadap jenis-jenis flora dan fauna, termasuk habitat perairan (nama, kelimpahan, sebaran, persyaratan habitat, biologi, ekologi, perilaku), sepadan dengan luasan dan intensitas pengelolaan hutan, serta kelangkaan dan kerentanan ekosistem hutan dan jenisjenis yang terdapat didalamnya. Indikator 8.2.7S Penanggung jawab dalam satuan pengelolaan hutan harus menyimpan catatan-catatan mengenai keberadaan setiap jenis-jenis flora dan fauna yang diketahui, yang memadai untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan dari waktu ke waktu.
Notes:
FSC contains a distinct requirement on international agreements/conventions on flora/fauna. (FSC 1.3.2 is also matched with PHPL 5.2.2. FSC 8.2.3 is also matched with PHPL 2.2.3. FSC Indicators 8.2.6 and 8.2.7S are also matched with PHPL 3.1.3.)
PHPL Verifier (Sosial) 4.1.1. Ketersediaan dokumen/ laporan
FSC Indikator/Kriterion Kriterion 3.1 Masyarakat adat harus mengendalikan pengelolaan hutan di lahan dan wilayah mereka, kecuali
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PHPL Verifier (Sosial) mengenai pola penguasaan dan pemanfaatan [Sumber Daya Alam]/ [Sumber Daya Hutan] setempat, identifikasi hak-hak dasar masyarakat hukum adat dan/ atau masyarakat setempat, dan rencana pemanfaatan [Sumber Daya Hutan] oleh pemegang izin. 4.1.2. Tersedia mekanisme pembuatan batas/ rekonstruksi batas kawasan secara parsitipatif dan penyelesaian konflik batas kawasan. 4.1.3. Tersedia mekanisme pengakuan hak-hak dasar masyarakat hukum adat dan masyarakat setempat dalam perencanaan pemanfataan [Sumber Daya Hutan]. 4.1.4. Terdapat batas yang memisahkan secara tegas antara kawasan/ areal kerja unit manajemen kawasan kehidupan masyarakat. 4.1.5. Terdapat persetujuan para pihak atas luas dan batas areal kerja IUPHHK/ KPH.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion mereka mendelegasikan pengendaliannya dengan persetujuan dan tanpa paksaan (free and informed consent), kepada lembaga lain. Indikator 3.2.2 UPH harus berdiskusi dengan masyarakat adat dan mendokumentasikan potensi-potensi ancaman, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, terhadap sumberdaya atau hak-hak masyarakat adat (misalnya: ganguan terhadap sumberdaya air dan hidupan liar). Indikator 4.1.5 Apabila memungkinkan dan dapat dilakukan, masyarakat harus diberikan akses terkendali untuk produkproduk hasil hutan dan non hutan di satuan pengelolaan hutan. Indikator 4.1.8 Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, masyarakat harus diberikan akses untuk kesempatan melakukan usaha di areal unit pengelolaan sepanjang tidak menyebabkan gangguan terhadap hutan dan kegiatan pengeloaan hutan. Indikator 4.4.3L UPH harus melaksanakan konsultasi secara regular dan berkelanjutan dengan orang-orang atau kelompokkelompok (laki-laki dan perempuan) yang terkena dampak secara langsung oleh operasionalnya dalam rangka untuk mengidentifikasi dampak-dampak sosial dan potensi-potensi untuk mencegah atau mengurangi dampak-dampak tersebut secara terus menerus.
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements on management of forests/areas under indigenous claims.
4.2.1. Ketersediaan dokumen yang menyangkut tanggung jawab sosial pemegang izin sesuai dengan peraturan-perundangan yang relevan/ berlaku. 4.2.2. Ketersediaan mekanisme pemenuhan kewajiban sosial pemegang izin terhadap masyarakat. 4.2.3. Kegiatan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai hak dan kewajiban pemegang izin
Kriterion 2.2 Masyarakat setempat yang memiliki hak legal atau penguasaan adat atau pemanfaatan, harus mempertahankan kendali untuk melindungi hak atau sumberdaya mereka dalam kegiatan kehutanan, kecuali mereka mendelegasikan pengendalian dengan persetujuan tanpa paksaan kepada lembaga lain. Indikator 2.2.1 UPH harus mendorong masyarakat setempat untuk memohon Peraturan Daerah atas hak adat dan/ atau melalui penentuan batas-batas kawasan hak melalui pemetaan partisipatif. Indikator 2.2.2 Apabila operasional kehutanan dilakukan di atas lahan dimana masyarakat setempat memiliki hak legal atau penguasaan adat atau pemanfaatan, UPH harus membuktikan bahwa masyarakat tersebut: ANTARA mempertahankan kendali yang jelas atau langsung atas operasional kehutanan sampai pada tingkat yang diperlukan untuk melindungi hak dan
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PHPL Verifier (Sosial) terhadap masyarakat dalam mengelola [Sumber Daya Hutan]. 4.2.4. Realisasi pemenuhan tanggung jawab sosial terhadap masyarakat/ implementasi hak-hak dasar masyarakat hukum adat dan masyarakat setempat dalam pengelolaan [Sumber Daya Hutan]. 4.2.5. Ketersediaan laporan/ dokumen terkait pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial pemegang izin termasuk ganti rugi.
Notes:
4.3.1. Ketersediaan data dan informasi masyarakat hukum adat dan/ atau masyarakat setempat yang terlibat, tergantung, terpengaruh oleh aktivitas pengelolaan [Sumber Daya Hutan]. 4.3.2. Ketersediaan mekanisme peningkatan peran serta dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat hukum adat dan/ atau masyarakat setempat. 4.3.3. Keberadaan dokumen rencana pemegang izin mengenai kegiatan peningkatan peran serta dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat. 4.3.4. Implementasi kegiatan peningkatan peran serta dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat hukum adat dan atau masyarakat setempat oleh pemegang izin yang tepat sasaran. 4.3.5. Keberadaan dokumen/ laporan mengenai pelaksanaan
FSC Indikator/Kriterion sumberdaya mereka; ATAU telah mendelegasikan pengendalian tersebut dengan persetujuan tanpa paksaan kepada lembaga lain atau kepada SPH. Indikator 3.2.1 Kegiatan-kegiatan pengelolaan hutan dalam satuan pengelolaan harus direncanakan dan dilaksanakan dengan cara yang tidak mengancam melainkan memelihara sumberdaya-sumberdaya dan hak-hak penguasaan masyarakat adat, sebelum dimulainya kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut. Indikator 3.2.4L Tindakan-tindakan yang terdokumentasi harus diambil untuk mencegah atau mengurangi dampak-dampak merugikan bagi hak-hak atau sumberdaya yang teridentifikasi …. Indikator 3.3.1 UPH harus mengidentifikasi, memetakan dan melindungi situs budaya khusus, bersejarah, penting secara subsisten atau ekonomi, ekologi dan religius, bekerjasama dengan masyarakat adat atau para pemangku kepentingan yang terkait. FSC contains distinct requirements regarding the rights of indigenous and local people, and requires pro-active support of these rights by the forest management enterprise. (FSC Criterion 2.2 and Indicators 2.2.1/2.2.2 are also matched with PHPL 1.5.1.)
Indikator 4.1.3L Pemberdayaan masyarakat dan karyawan harus didukung melalui pembentukan dan/atau penguatan kelembagaannya. Indikator 5.2.1 Pengelola hutan harus menyediakan sebagian dari produksi mereka untuk usaha lokal, misalnya operasional industri dan pengolahan skala kecil, terkecuali apabila terdapat alasan yang membuat hal ini menjadi tidak mungkinkan. Lihat juga kriteria 5.4. (Proporsi maksimal 10% dapat diterima sebagaimana tercantum dalam peraturan pemerintah.) Indikator 5.4.3 UPH harus menilai peluang penjualan atau pemasaran produk-produk atau jasa-jasa tersebut secara lokal, baik atas nama UPH maupun dengan melibatkan unit-unit usaha lokal.
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PHPL Verifier (Sosial) distribusi manfaat kepada para pihak.
FSC Indikator/Kriterion
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements covering the local marketing/ sales and supporting services of forest products. (FSC Indicator 5.2.1 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 2.4.1.) PHPL has distinct requirements regarding the support of local economies.
4.4.1. Tersedianya mekanisme resolusi konflik. 4.4.2. Tersedia peta konflik. 4.4.3. Adanya kelembagaan resolusi konflik yang didukung oleh para pihak. 4.4.4. Ketersediaan dokumen proses penyelesaian konflik yang pernah terjadi.
Kriterion 2.3 Mekanisme yang memadai harus diberlakukan untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan mengenai klaim penguasaan dan hak pemanfaatan. Keadaan dan status dari perselisihan besar secara eksplisit akan dipertimbangkan dalam evaluasi sertifikasi Perselisihan besar dan melibatkan banyak pihak biasanya akan menggagalkan sertifikasi UPH. Kriterion 4.5 Mekanisme yang memadai harus diberlakukan untuk mengatasi keluhan-keluhan dan menyediakan kompensasi yang adil apabila timbul kerugian atau kerusakan terhadap hak-hak adat, lahan milik, sumberdaya atau mata pencaharian masyarakat setempat. Perlu diambil tindakan tertentu guna menghindari kerugian atau kerusakan tersebut. Indikator 4.5.3 Kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kerusakan pada sumberdaya-sumberdaya lokal, adat dan tradisional, atau dekat dengan lahan-lahan adat atau tradisional harus dikompensasi sesuai dengan kesepakatan masyarakat adat atau tradisional tersebut.
Notes:
FSC contains a distinct requirement on compensation for (inadvertent) damages to indigenous lands. (FSC Indicator 5.2.1 is also matched with PHPL Verifier 2.4.1.) PHPL has a distinct requirement for conflict mapping.
4.5.1. Adanya hubungan industrial. 4.5.2. Adanya rencana dan realisasi pengembangan kompetensi tenaga kerja. 4.5.3. Dokumen standar jenjang karir dan implementasinya. 4.5.4. Adanya Dokumen tunjangan kesejahteraan karyawan dan implementasinya.
Indikator 4.2.13L UPH harus menjamin bahwa setiap karyawan dan para kontraktor memiliki jaminan sosial (atau yang setara) yang menyediakan kompensasi dan/ atau dukungan berkelanjutan apabila terjadi redundansi atau cedera di tempat kerja. Indikator 4.2.14 UPH harus melaksanakan tinjauan berkala untuk kesejahteraan karyawan. Indikator 5.2.4 UPH harus mencari permanfaatan tertinggi dan terbaik dari individu-individu pohon dan jenis-jenis kayu.
Notes:
FSC contains distinct requirements for contractors and their employees. It also requires best use of harvested trees and species. PHPL contains a distinct requirement covering industrial ties.
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