SKRIPSI
EFEK PEMUNTIRAN SUDU TERHADAP PERFORMANSI TURBIN ANGIN TIPE SUDU ORI
Oleh : I Putu Maha Wijaya 0719351010
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK PROGRAM NONREGULER UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2011
KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadapan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi yang berjudul “Efek Pemuntiran Sudu Terhadap Performansi Turbin Angin Tipe Sudu Ori”. Dalam penyusunan Skripsi ini penulis banyak mendapat bantuan serta bimbingan dari berbagai pihak sehingga pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1.
Bapak Ir. Made Suarda, M.Eng, selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana.
2.
Bapak Ir. A.A. Adhi Suryawan, MT, selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan Dosen Pembimbing Akademik.
3.
Bapak SPG. Gunawan Tista, ST, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing II
4.
Orang tua dan keluarga penulis atas segala dukungan moril, materiil maupun doa yang telah diberikan.
5.
Teman-teman mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana.
6.
Semua pihak yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang telah banyak membantu dalam penulisan Skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam Skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangannya
baik dalam isi maupun pengkajiannya oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang sifatnya konstruktif sangat penulis harapkan dari berbagai pihak. Sekali lagi penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih dan penulis mohon maaf apabila ada kekurangan ataupun kesalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini.
Denpasar , November 2011
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN. ................................................................................ ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN. ................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK. ............................................................................................................ v ABSTACT.............................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................. ix DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................. x BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1.1. Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 1.3. Batasan Masalah ...................................................................... 1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................
1 1 2 2 2 3
BAB II
DASAR TEORI ............................................................................... 2.1. Energi Angin .................................................................... 2.2. Prinsip Kerja Angin ........................................................ 2.3. Gaya Hambat Udara ........................................................ 2.4. Pengukuran Kecepatan. ............................................................ 2.4.1 Konsep tekanan. ............................................................... 2.4.2 Persamaan Bernoulli. ....................................................... 2.5 Mengukur Kecepatan Udara. .................................................... 2.6 Konsep Kesetimbangan Dynamometer .................................... 2.7 Airfoil........................................................................................ 2.8 Sudu Turbin Angin Tipe Ori ..................................................... 2.9 Pemuntiran Sudu. ...................................................................... 2.10 Penelitian Pendahulu.................................................................
4 4 5 6 7 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
BAB III
METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 3.1. Peralatan Penelitian ......................................................... 3.1.1 Wind tunnel. ........................................................... 3.1.2 Sudu ori. ................................................................ 3.1.3 Beban uji. ............................................................... 3.1.4 Sumber angin. ........................................................ 3.1.5 Alat bantu pengujian. ............................................. 3.2. Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................... 3.3. Tahap Pengambilan data. ................................................ 3.4. Diagram Alir Penelitian ............................................................
15 15 15 16 17 17 17 18 19 20
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BAB IV
BAB V
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN. ........................................................ 4.1 Data Hasil Penelitian. ............................................................... 4.2 Pengolahan Data. ...................................................................... 4.2.1 Menghitung kecepatan angin .......................................... 4.2.2 Menghitung gaya berat yang mampu diangkat. ............... 4.2.3 Menghitung torsi poros. ................................................... 4.2.4 Menghitung kecepatan sudut. .......................................... 4.2.5 Menghitung daya input sudu............................................ 4.2.6 Menghitung daya output. ................................................. 4.2.7 Menghitung koefisien daya. ............................................. 4.3.8 Menghitung efisiensi........................................................ 4.3 Analisa Dan Pembahasan..........................................................
21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 26
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN. ....................................................... 31 5.1 Kesimpulan. .............................................................................. 31 5.2 Saran. ........................................................................................ 31
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 32
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Gaya tekan pada permukaan elemen pada benda yang terbenam aliran fluida ....................................... Gambar 2.2 Inclide Manometer. ............................................................... Gambar 2.3 Model Skematik Alat Ukur. .................................................. Gambar 2.4 Terminologi Profil standar .................................................... Gambar 2.5 Gaya yang terjadi pada Sudu Ori .......................................... Gambar 2.6 Segitiga Kecepatan Sudu ...................................................... Gambar 2.7 Profil Segitiga Kecepatan ..................................................... Gambar 2.8 Profil Sudut Sudu ................................................................. Gambar 3.1 Wind Tunnel ......................................................................... Gambar 3.2 Sudu Ori Dengan Variasi Sudut β ......................................... Gambar 3.3 Beban Uji dan Peralatan Penghubungnya .............................. Gambar 3.4 Diagram Alir Penelitian. ....................................................... Gambar 4.1 Grafik Hubungan Putaran Terhadap Beban. .......................... Gambar 4.2 Grafik Hubungan P in Terhadap Putaran. .............................. Gambar 4.3 Grafik Hubungan P out Terhadap Putaran. ............................ Gambar 4.4 Grafik Hubungan Cp Terhadap Putaran. ............................... Gambar 4.5 Grafik Hubungan Efisiensi Terhadap Putaran. ......................
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6 8 9 10 11 12 12 12 15 16 17 20 26 27 28 39 30
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Pengambilan Data Hasil Penelitian ........................................................ Tabel 4.2 Pengolahan Data Hasil Penelitian ...........................................................
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EFFECT OF TORSIONAL BLADE FOR THE PERFORMANCE WIND TURBIN BLADE TYPE ORI Author Guidence
: I Putu MahaWijaya : Ir. A.A Adhi Suryawan,MT. SPG.GunawanTista,ST,MT. ABSTRACT
Wind turbine blade type ori is one of the producers working plane with simple construction , in which trapezoid-shaped blades mounted opposite direction to the direction of the wind. in an effort to produce a maximum performance of the wind turbine research conducted by varying the blade angle torsional. The research was conducted in the wind tunnel in the environmental temperature conditions are assumed constant and performed on three variations pemuntiran angle (β), namely: (β)1 = 400,300,200, (β)2 = 500,400,300 and (β)3= 600,500,400. By additional burden of 8 times for each variation can be calculated input power and output power in order to get the efficiency of each variation of torsional angle (β). From the magnitude of rotation obtained will be compared with the load, Pout and efficiency in graphical form. From the research results can be known with the additional angle of torsional will be terracied the performance but when the angle of torsional increased will be go down the performance.this is caused big or small the angle of torsional give suggest for the action to convert system of the air flow pattern across the surface of the blade so that can make maximum of efficiency . Keywords: wind turbine, blade ori, wind tunnel, torsional angle, input power, output power, efficiency
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