Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik (Rectifier dan Inverter)

DTG1I1

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik (Rectifier dan Inverter)

By Dwi Andi Nurmantris

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik Telecommunication Power system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Rectifiers Battery Charge bus Discharge bus Primary Distribution systems Secondary Distribution systems 7. Voltage converters 8. Prime and standby ac power systems 9. Alternating current power distribution system 10.Load equipment 11.Monitoring and control system

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik Tipe Power Converter

AC to DC Converter (Rectifier) DC to AC Converter (Inverter) DC to DC Converter AC to AC Converter

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik Elemen dari Power Converter

Energy source Sumber input power converter power section Bagian utama yang mengkonversi daya Control system bagian yang melakukan fungsi komparator dan melakukan modifikasi dibagian pulsa trigger pada power section Protective and monitoring device bagian yang melakukan proteksi internap pada perangkat power konverter maupun beban

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER

RECTIFIER adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah sumber arus bolak-balik (AC) menjadi sinyal sumber arus searah (DC).

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER

Rectifiers always are provided in an N + 1 redundant configuration giving a minimum of two rectifiers in any given system

Rectifiers are equipped for N + 1 redundancy: N rectifiers are required to serve load and battery recharge requirements and one rectifier is added as a spare

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER Rectifier Technology

Silicon-controlled Rectifier (SCR)/thyristor Controlled ferroresonant transformer Switch-mode rectifiers

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER Prinsip Rangkaian Penyearah Penyearah Half Wave Penyearah Full Wave Penyearah Bridge

π

2π

ωt

2π

ωt

π





D2

+

Vo

RL

V2

-

+ Vo

I

-

D2 on , D3 on D1 off , D4 off

t

D3

Vo

I D1

V2

RL

-

D1 on , D4 on D2 off , D3 off

+ Vo

+ D4

t

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER Prinsip Rangkaian Penyearah

Capacitance output filter

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik RECTIFIER Rectifier Feature

Operation Mode (float mode and equalize mode) Load Sharing and Parallel Operation Remote Control Voltage Sensing Temperature-Compensated Charging Rectifier Current Limitation Voltage Regulation Efficiency Power Factor Correction Input Voltage Range High-Voltage Shutdown Visual Indicators and Controls Internal Protection and Control Functions

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik INVERTER

INVERTER adalah Rangkaian elektronika daya yang digunakan untuk mengkonversikan tegangan searah (DC) ke suatu tegangan bolak-balik (AC).


Beberapa Perangkat telekomunikasi tetap membutuhkan catuan AC tanpa boleh terputus pada kondisi ini inverter dibutuhkan Tegangan input inverter bisa 24 volt maupun 48 volt Output inverter paling umum adalah 120 Volt AC, satu phasa, dan 60 Hz A typical 48-V inverter will meet output specifications from 42- to 56-Vdc input, while 24-V inverters typically meet output specifications from 21- to 28-Vdc input Another important requirement of inverters used in the telecommunications environment, one that differentiates them from inexpensive consumer inverters, is the requirement that they provide a relatively distortion-free sine wave output voltage waveform

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik INVERTER Konfigurasi Inverter pada sistem catu daya

Passive stanby PLN subagai sumber utama, inverter standby Active stanby Inverter sebagai catuan utama PLN sebagai sumber standby Continuous operation inverter sebagai catuan utama tanpa sistem standby





Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik INVERTER Prinsip Rangkaian Inverter

Prinsip kerja Contoh Topologi

Half-Bridge Full-Bridge Push-pull Three phase Multilevel

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik S1,S2 ON; S3,S4 OFF

INVERTER

for t1 < t < t2 vO

Prinsip Rangkaian Inverter S1


S3

VDC

VDC

t

+ vO

t1

S4


t2

S2

S3,S4 ON ; S1,S2 OFF for t2 < t < t3 vO

S1

S3 t2

VDC + vO S4

S2 -VDC

t3

t


INVERTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE Vdc

Prinsip Rangkaian Inverter



-Vdc FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT V1 4VDC

π

V1 3

3RD HARMONIC

5RD HARMONIC V1 5

Output of the inverter is “chopped AC voltage with zero DC component”. It contain harmonics. harmonics. An LC section lowlow-pass filter is normally fitted at the inverter output to reduce the high frequency harmonics.



Half Bridge


Vs

C1

S1

C2

S2



Full Bridge


S1

S3

Vs S2

S4










3-phase 2-level

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik DC-DC Converter Latar Belakang

Most telecommunications switching and transmission equipment operates from –48 V but the radio frequency (RF) equipment used in many wireless base stations operates from +24 V Some older RF equipment used in paging and land mobile radio (LMR) installation operates from +12 V Equipment requiring other voltages and polarities has been deployed over the years, for example, +130 Vdc, –130 Vdc, and +48 Vdc If a site has a mixture of equipment, a separate battery plant may be provided for each voltage or polarity but, depending on the load currents, it may be more economical to use dc–dc converters instead

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik DC-DC Converter

Converters may be used to : o o o o o o

Change voltage (e.g., from +24 Vdc to –48 Vdc) Change polarity (e.g., from +24 Vdc to –24 Vdc) Provide voltage stability Compensate for voltage drop Relocate power equipment to reduce floor space requirements in the power room Optimize voltage

The dc–dc converters in telecommunications applications are similar to switchmode rectifiers and operate on the same basic principles except that the input rectification stage is not needed

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik DC-DC Converter DC-DC converter configuration

a battery plant power system

DC–DC converter system

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik DC-DC Converter DC-DC converter configuration

DC–DC converter common-bus configuration

DC–DC converter split-bus configuration

Sistem Konversi Daya Listrik (Rectifier dan Inverter)

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