RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT KERAS SISTEM BALL SORTING BERBASIS PLC FESTO
PROYEK AKHIR
Laporan ini ditulis sebagai salah satu syarat mendapatkan gelar Diploma III
Oleh Meisa Dewi Saraswati 091311020
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2012
ABSTRAK
Programmable logic Control (PLC) adalah elemen kendali yang fungsi pengendaliannya dapat diprogram sesuai dengan kebutuhan. PLC FESTO
merupakan jenis PLC baru. Salah satu aplikasi PLC FESTO yaitu sistem ball
sorting. Spesifikasi dari perangkat keras sistem ball sorting berbasis PLC FESTO ini adalah menyeleksi bola berdasarkan warna dan jenis yang digunakan untuk di
simpan di jalurnya masing-masing secara otomatis. Sensor yang digunakan yaitu
sensor pendeteksi keberadaan bola juga untuk pendeteksi warna bola dengan
menggunakan phototransistor dan infrared, sensor induktif sebagai pendeteksi bola berbahan logam.
Kata kunci : PLC FESTO, Ball Sorting, Sensor keberadaan, Sensor warna, Sensor induktif, Phototransistor, Infrared.
ABSTRACT
Programmable Logic Control (PLC) is an element of control that control functions
can be programmed as needed. FESTO PLC is a new type of PLC. One application of the FESTO PLC ball sorting system. Hardware Specifications of Ball Sorting System PLC FESTO is selected based on the color and type of ball used to be kept in each track automatically. The sensor used is a sensor for detecting the presence of the ball
also the color of the ball by using a detector and an infrared phototransistor, an
inductive sensor as a detector made of a metal ball.
Keywords : PLC FESTO, Ball Sorting, Presence Sensor, Colour Sensor, Inductive Sensor, Phototransistor, Infrared.
KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillahi rabbil’alamin, segala puji dan sykur penulis panjatkan
kehadirat Allah SWT, atas berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya lah penulis dapat
menyelesaikan proyek ahkhir beserta laporan yang berjudul “Rancang Bangun
Perangkat Keras Sistem Ball Sorting Berbasis PLC”.
Laporan proyek akhir ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan
dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan Diploma III Program Studi Teknik Elektronika,
Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Dalam pembuatan proyek akhir ini penulis banyak mendapat hambatan dan rintangan, akan tetapi berkat bimbingan serta dukungan dari berbagai pihak penulis dapat menyelesaikan proyek akhir ini.Untuk itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan terimakasih kepada : 1. Bapak Ir. Hari Purnama, M. Eng, selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Elektro 2. Ibu Ervin Masita Dewi, MT. selaku ketua Program Studi Teknik Elektronika 3. Bapak Ir Edi Rakhman, M.Eng, selaku dosen pembimbing 1 4. Bapak Rida Hudaya, DUTech.,ST.,DEA, selaku dosen pembimbing 2 5. Dewan Penguji 6. Panitia Proyek Akhir 2012 7. Saudara Dimas Bambang Sulaiman, Firman Ar Rasyid, Amri Salman Rizal, Liga Tri Nugraha, serta semua teman-teman Elektronika III-A, dan 8. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu yang telah banyak membantu, semoga Allah SWT membalas segala kebaikannya. Semoga laporan proyek akhir ini dapat memberikan manfaat untuk kalangan mahasiswa khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Kritik serta saran penulis harapkan untuk perbaikan laporan proyek akhir ini. Bandung, Juni 2012 Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .............................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................... v DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................... 1 I.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1 I.2 Tujuan .................................................................................................... 2 I.3 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................. 2 I.4 batasan Masalah..................................................................................... 3 I.5 Metodologi............................................................................................. 3 I.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................ 5
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................... 6 II.1 Sensor ................................................................................................... 6 II.1.1 Sensor Infrared ...................................................................... 7 II.1.2 Karakterisasi Sensor Infrared ................................................ 9 II.2 Transduser .......................................................................................... 12 II.2.1 Klasifikasi Transduser ......................................................... 13 II.2.2 Pemilihan Transduser .......................................................... 13 II.3 Phototransistor.................................................................................... 14 II.3.1 Karakteristik Phototransistor ............................................... 17 II.4 Sensor Induktif ................................................................................... 18 II.5 IC LM324 ........................................................................................... 19 II.6 Transistor............................................................................................ 20 II.7 Relay................................................................................................... 21
II.8 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) .................................................. 23
II.9 PLC FESTO ....................................................................................... 26
II.9.1 FESTO DIDACTIC Sitem .................................................. 26
II.10 Solenoid............................................................................................ 30 II.10.1 Sistem Kerja Solenoid ....................................................... 31
II.10.2 Jenis Solenoida .................................................................. 32
II.8.1 Perangkat PLC..................................................................... 25
II.10.3 Powering Solenoida........................................................... 33
II.11 Pemograman PLC FESTO Didactic................................................. 33
II.11.1 Ladder Diagram................................................................. 33 II.11.2 Instruksi-instruksi yang terdapat pada Ladder Diagram PLC.................................................................................. 34 II.11.3 Instruction List................................................................... 36 II.11.4 Function Chart ................................................................... 37 II.12 Cara Kerja Alat................................................................................. 37
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI ................................................ 38 III.1 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................ 38 III.2 Prinsip Kerja Alat............................................................................ 38 III.3 Spasifikasi Perancangan.................................................................. 38 III.4 Kriteria Perancangan....................................................................... 39 III.5 Perancangan Blok Diagram............................................................. 40 III.6 Realisasi Perancangan ..................................................................... 41 III.7 Memilih Komponen Solenoid ......................................................... 41 III.8 Merancang Rangkaian Driver Solenoid .......................................... 42 III.9 Perancangan Input dan Output PLC................................................ 42 III.10 Merancang dan Realisasi Rangkaian Driver Sensor Warna ........... 43 III.11 Merancang dan realisasi Rangkaian Driver Sensor Keberadaan ... 45 III.12 Merancang dan Realisasi Rangkaian Driver Sensor Induktif ......... 45 III.13 Desain Mekanik Sistem Ball Sorting .............................................. 47 III.14 Deskripsi Proses .............................................................................. 48 III.4.1 Deskripsi Keadaan Awal.................................................... 48
III.4.2 Deskripsi Ketika Boa di Area Sensor................................. 49
III.14.3 Deskripsi Ketika Bola Sudah Melewati Jalur-Jalurnya ... 49 III.15 Perancangan Dan Realisasi Perangkat Lunak (Software) ............... 49
III.15.1 Diagram Alir .................................................................... 49
III.15.2 State Diagram Sistem Ball sorting Berbasis PLC FESTO ............................................................................. 51
BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA ............................................................ 53
IV.1 Pengujian Rangkaian Driver Solenoid.............................................. 53
IV.2 Pengujian PLC FESTO ..................................................................... 55 IV.3 Pengujian dan Pengukuran Rangkaian Sensor Keberadaan.............. 56 IV.4 Pengujian dan Pengukuran Sensor Warna ........................................ 58 IV.5 Pengujian dan Pengukuran Sensor Induktif..................................... 59 IV.6 Pengamatan Jarak Sensor Terhadap Permukaan Bola ...................... 59 IV.6 Pengujian Secara Keseluruhan.......................................................... 61
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN A LAMPIRAN B LAMPIRAN C
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 LED Inframerah Tipe TSAL 6200 ...................................................... 8 Gambar 2.1 LED Inframerah Tipe TSAL 6200 ...................................................... 9
Gambar 2.3 Skema rangkaian pembagian tegangan ............................................. 10
Gambar 2.4 Skema rangkaian pembagi tegangan ketika (a) disinari; (b) tidak disinari .................................................................................................... 10 Gambar 2.5 Gambaran umum masukan–keluaran transduser............................... 13 Gambar 2.6 Rangkaian Ekuivalen Phototransistor dan simbol Phototransistor ... 15
Gambar 2.7 Phototransistor................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.8 Sensitivitas phototransistor ............................................................... 16 Gambar 2.9 Karakteristik arus dan tegangan ........................................................ 16 Gambar 2.10 Karakteristik Phototransistor........................................................... 17 Gambar 2.11 Cylindrical proximitysensor E2GN................................................. 19 Gambar 2.12 Simbol IC LM324 ........................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.13 Dasar Polaritas Transistor ............................................................... 20 Gambar 2.14 Bentuk Fisik Relay Omron MY2NJ................................................ 22 Gambar 2.15 Prinsip Kerja Relay ......................................................................... 23 Gambar 2.16 Tampilan PLC FESTO FEC 34....................................................... 27 Gambar 2.17 a Element PLC FESTO ................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.17 b Element PLC FESTO ................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.17c Kabel Koneksi PLC FESTO......................................................... 28 Gambar 2.17d Contoh Koneksi PLC FESTO ke PC ............................................ 29 Gambar 2.18 Koneksi antara PLC dengan Easy Port ........................................... 30 Gambar 2.19 Rincian Koneksi antara PLC dengan Easy Port .............................. 30 Gambar 2.20 Solenoid 12 Vdc .............................................................................. 31 Gambar 2.21 jenis solenoid................................................................................... 32 Gambar 2.22 Prinsip kerja Solenoid ..................................................................... 32 Gambar 2.23 Contoh Ladder diagram................................................................... 33 Gambar 2.24 Contoh instruksi AND dan AND NOT ........................................... 34 Gambar 2.25 Contoh instruksi LD dan LD NOT.................................................. 35
Gambar 2.26 Contoh instruksi OR dan OR NOT ................................................. 35
Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram Sistem ........................................................................ 39
Gambar 3.2 Solenoid yang diakai dalam sistem ball sorting ................................ 40 Gambar 3.3 Skematik rangkaian driver solenoid .................................................. 41 Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian sensor warna.................................................................... 42
Gambar 3.5 Realisasi Rangkaian Sensor warna.................................................... 43 Gambar 3.6 Rangkaian sensor keberadaan ........................................................... 44 Gambar 3.7 Realisasi Rangkaian Sensor Keberadaan .......................................... 45 Gambar 3.8a Skematik Rangkaian Sensor Induktif .............................................. 46
Gambar 3.8b. Realisasi Rangkaian sensor induktif .............................................. 46
Gambar 3.9 Desain alat sistem ball sorting........................................................... 47 Gambar 3.10 Desain jalur sistem ball sorting ....................................................... 47 Gambar 3.11 Realisasi mekanik sistem ball sorting ............................................. 48 Gambar 3.12 Realisasi mekanik jalur bola sistem ball sorting ............................. 48 Gambar 3.13 diagram alir ..................................................................................... 50 Gambar 3.15 State Diagram.................................................................................. 51 Gambar 4.1 Rangkaian Driver Solenoid ............................................................... 53 Gambar 4.2 Pin PLC FETO .................................................................................. 55 Gambar 4.3 Rangkaian Sensor Keberadaan.......................................................... 57 Gambar 4.4 Rangkaian Sensor Warna .................................................................. 58 Gambar 4.5 Skematik driver rangkaian sensor induktif........................................ 59 Gambar 4.6 Model percobaan untuk pengamatan karakteristik Phototransistor .. 60
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Spesifikasi FESTO FEC 34................................................................... 29 Tabel 3.1 Daftar Alamat Input PLC ...................................................................... 41
Tabel 3.2 Daftar Alamat Output PLC ................................................................... 41
Tabel 4.1 Pengujian Output dalam Beberapa Kondisi .......................................... 54 Tabel 4.2. Pengukuran Tegangan Output dan Arus Output .................................. 54 Tabel 4.3. Keterangan Pin PLC FESTO ............................................................... 55 Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian Pin PLC FESTO ......................................................... 56
Tabel 4.5 Data Pengukuran Rangkaian Sensor Keberadaan ................................. 57 Tabel 4.6 Data Pengujian Rangkaian Sensor Warna ............................................ 58 Tabel 4.7 Data Pengujian Rangkaian Sensor Induktif .......................................... 59 Tabel 4.8 Data hasil pengukuran karakteristik phototransistor............................. 60
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Budiman ,Sugara, Banyu.Modul Pelatihan PLC Berbasis FESTO. Politeknik
Negeri Bandung. Bandung: 2011.
Rakhman, Edi. Modul Praktikkum Sistem Otomasi Industri. Politeknik Negeri Bandug. Bandung : 2009.
Hanief, Achmad. Alat Pentortir Benda 3 Warna (Modul Praktikkum Kendali
Berbasis PLC). Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Bandung : 2008.
Sri Widodo, Thomas.2002.Elektronika Dasar.Jakarta:Salemba Teknika
CS Rangaan et. al. , 1990, Instrumentation: Devices and Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi http://www.festo.com/net/startpage/ http://www.festodidactic.com/inten/services/mps/?fbid=aW50LmVuLjU1Ny4xNy4 zNC45NTA http://www.findtoyou.com/ebook/manual+festo+plc.html http://migas-indonesia.com/files/aticle/PENGENALAN_plc.DOC http://ab.rockwellautomation.com/Sensors-Switches/Inductive-Proximity-sensor http://lecturer.eepisits.edu/~zenhadi/kuliah/Komdat/PERCOBAAN%20I%20Pengk abelan.pdf http://www.Alldatasheet.com
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP Curriculum Vitae
Nama / Name
: Meisa Dewi Saraswati
Alamat / Address
: Perumahan Puri Fajar Blok A8 No.1
Cibeber, Cimahi Selatan, Kota Cimahi 40531
Nomor Telepon / Phone
: +62 896 100 000 42
Email
:
[email protected]
Jenis Kelamin / Gender
: Perempuan
Tempat Lahir / Place of Birth : Ciamis Tanggal Lahir / Date of Birth : 16 Oktober 1990 Status / Marital Status
: Belum Menikah
Warga Negara / Nationality : Indonesia Agama / Religion
: Islam
Riwayat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Pendidikan Formal / Formal Education : Periode 2009-2012 2006-2009 2003-2006
Sekolah / Institusi Politeknik Negeri Bandung SMA Negeri 2 Cimahi SMP Negeri 3 Cimahi
Jurusan Teknik Elektro IPA Umum
Program studi Teknik Elektronika IPA Umum
Pendidikan Non-formal / Informal Education (Training, Seminar) Training
Year
Latihan Dasar Kedisiplinan
(POLBAN, Bandung - 2009)
Seminar “Moving Forward
(Pendopo POLBAN, Bandung
With SCADA”
2011)
Jenjang DIII SMA SMP
