Proses Pengembangan Project Website

Desain Web

Proses Pengembangan Project Website Dr. Eng. Herman Tolle, ST., MT. Sistem Informasi - PTIIK Universitas Brawijaya Ganjil 2014/2015

Web Development Team

Planning: Development Team A cross-disciplinary team includes: •

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Project manager (Web site manager) HTML Authors Programmers Interface and Interaction designer Graphic designer

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System/ server administrator

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Hey look, No Webmaster!

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Human factors/ Usability expert Writers / Editors Content Owner(s) Client / customer User Representative from a Legal department

Web Developer Secara garis besar dapat dipisahkan: 1. Web Designer: membuat disain web 2. Web Programmer: membuat script untuk web 3. Web Administrator: sebagai administrator web

Web Development Process

Tahapan Pengembangan Website Sebuah website dikembangkan dalam 2 proses besar: 1. Web Development: proses awal hingga menjadi halaman-halaman web secara lengkap dan siap tayang. Dibuat dan diujikan pada lingkungan terbatas. 2. Web Deployment: proses untuk membuat website terpasang pada server internet dan dapat diakses orang lain. Dibuat dan diujikan pada lingkungan penerapan sebenarnya

Web Development Process • Perencanaan Web Site (Plan, Design) • Membuat Website (Develop) • Testing Website (Deploy)

Perencanaan Web (PLAN) (Form1) Lakukan perencanaan sebelum membuat website, yaitu: 

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 

Deskripsikan apa tujuan/fungsi web tersebut. Apakah untuk Berita, Pendidikan, Pribadi, Official web, E-Commerce, Hiburan atau lainnya. Kumpulkan/siapkan semua bahan/materi/konten apa saja yang akan ditampilkan. (Seperti data, image, database, dll) Rancang menu dan link navigasinya. (site map) Rancang disain tampilan (layout) secara umum.

Konsep Konten Pertanyaan pertama, what is the site for? • • • • • • • •

Promote your ideas, hobbies, or beliefs To Advertise your company or product Make loads of money really fast Provide customer services and support To keep your customer base informed Give or Sell Information Create an 'Extended Business Card' for your company Provide internal information and services for your company

Konsep Konten … • Pertanyaan mendasar yang harus dijawab adalah : – Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi website saya? – Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi lagi (re-visit) website saya?

• Menjaga konten selalu ter-update secara berkala (no one wants to keep reading the same stuff over and over again). • Tambahkan konten yang dinamis pada site anda. Misalnya: buku tamu, news, forum diskusi, chat room, pool, share social media, dll. (Ingat untuk selalu memonitor-nya)

Konsep Disain Dalam mendisain web, komponen berikut yang harus diperhatikan: • Tata Letak / Layout • Teks (Tipografi) • Ilustrasi (Grafik dan Animasi) • Warna • Links (Struktur Navigasi)

Ada jutaan bahkan milyaran halaman web di internet, tetapi hanya sebagian kecil yang membuat kita terkesan dan betah untuk selalu mengunjunginya.  Apa yang membuat kita mau membuka suatu halaman web??? 

1. Ada INFORMASI yang ingin kita peroleh dari web tersebut!!! -> Web Content

2. Tampilan yang menarik dan kenyamanan dalam berinteraksi -> Disain Web

Komponen Disain Web • Ada dua komponen dasar dalam disain web: – isi (content) – tampilan (format).

• Web yang mementingkan content terkadang memiliki tampilan yang sederhana atau bahkan ala kadarnya • Web yang memiliki disain yang bagus biasanya memiliki waktu loading yang lama. • Isi dan tampilan adalah suatu kesatuan yang harus dibangun secara bersama-sama.

Optimasi Web • Bagaimana membuat sebuah website yang memiliki tampilan yang bagus, tetapi juga efisien dalam manajemen isi dan waktu loading-nya? • Waktu loading (loading time) sangat tergantung pada ukuran file dan kecepatan koneksi internetnya • Ukuran file termasuk juga semua komponen yang ada dalam halaman web tersebut (gambar, sound, animasi, dll)

Browser Compatibility 

Web pages do NOT look the same in all the major browsers

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Test with current and recent versions of: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

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Internet Explorer Firefox, Mozilla Opera Safari

Progressive Enhancement:  Website functions well in browsers commonly used by your target audience  Add enhancements with CSS3 and/or HTML5 for display in modern browsers

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Web Page Design Screen Resolution 

Test at various screen resolutions ◦ Most widely used: 1024x768, 1366x768, and 1280x800

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Design to look good at various screen resolutions ◦ Centered page content ◦ Set to either a fixed or percentage width 16

Struktur Navigasi Website Organization  Hierarchical  Linear  Random (sometimes called Web Organization)

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Hierarchical Organization A clearly defined home page  Navigation links to major site sections  Often used for commercial and corporate websites 

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Hierarchical: Too Shallow

Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.  Too many immediate choices  a confusing and less usable website.  Group, or “chunk”, related areas 

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Hierarchical: Too Deep 

Be careful that the organization is not too deep. ◦ This results in many “clicks” needed

to drill down to the needed page. ◦ User Interface “Three Click Rule”  A web page visitor should be able to get

from any page on your site to any other page on your site with a maximum of three hyperlinks.

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Linear Organization

A series of pages that provide a tutorial, tour, or presentation.  Sequential viewing 

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Random Organization 

Sometimes called “Web” Organization

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Usually there is no clear path through the site

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May be used with artistic or concept sites

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Not typically used for commercial sites

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Visual Design Principles 

Repetition  Repeat visual elements

throughout design 

Contrast  Add visual excitement and

draw attention 

Proximity  Group related items

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Alignment  Align elements to create visual

unity

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Writing for the Web Hindari teks yang terlalu panjang (45-75 karakter)  Gunakan bullet points  Gunakan headings dan subheadings  Gunakan paragraphs yang singkat 

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Design “Easy to Read” Text 

Use common fonts: Google Font

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Use appropriate text size: medium, 1em, 100% Use appropriate line length

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 Between 50-75 characters is recommended

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Use appropriate line height: 1.2 – 1.5 Use strong contrast between text & background

Use columns instead of wide areas of horizontal text

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More Text Design Considerations 

Carefully choose text in hyperlinks  Avoid “click here”  Hyperlink key words or phrases  Do not hyperlink not entire sentences

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Chek yur spellin (Check your spelling)

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Using Color on Web Pages Computer monitors display color as intensities of red, green, and blue light  RGB Color  The values of red, green, and blue vary from 0 to 255.  Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) represent these color values. 

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Hexadecimal Color Values  # indicates a

hexadecimal value

 Hex value pairs range

from 00 to FF

 Three hex value pairs

describe an RGB color

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Web Color Palette

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A collection of 216 colors

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Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms

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Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF

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Color Chart : http://webdevbasics.net/color 29

Making Color Choices 

How to choose a color scheme?  Monochromatic ○ http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend ○ http://www.0to255.com

 Choose from a photograph or other image ○ http://www.colr.org

 Begin with a favorite color ○ Use one of the sites below to choose other colors  http://www.colorschemedesigner.com

 http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp

Use of Graphics & Multimedia    

Perhatikan ukuran dan dimensi file Antialiased/aliased text considerations Sediakan alternate text untuk setiap tag image () Gunakan file multimedia (sound, video) seperlunya

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Web Page Design Load Time

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Watch the load time of your pages Try to limit web page document and associated media to under 60K on the home page 32

Navigation Design 

Make your site easy to navigate  Provide clearly labeled navigation in the same location on

each page  Most common – across top or down left side 

Consider:      

Navigation Bars Breadcrumb Navigation Using Graphics for Navigation Dynamic Navigation Site Map Site Search Feature 33

Rancang Disain Visual dg Wireframe

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Wireframe Sketsa rancangan dari sebuah website  Menunjukkan struktur dasar elemen-2 web page: 

 Logo  Navigation

 Content  Footer

Contoh Wireframe Tools JustInMind  http://www.justinmind.com/  Microsoft Visio  Adobe inDesign  Pencil Project  http://pencil.evolus.vn/Default.html  FrameBox  

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Web Page Design Page Layout (1) Place the most important information "above the fold"  Use adequate "white" or blank space  Use an interesting page layout 

This is usable, but a little boring. See the next slide for improvements in page layout.

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Web Page Design Page Layout (2)

Better Columns make the page more interesting and it’s easier to read this way.

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Web Page Design Page Layout (3)

Best

Columns of different widths interspersed with graphics and headings create the most interesting, easy to read page.

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Page Layout Design Techniques Fixed Layout ◦ AKA rigid or “ice” design ◦ Fixed-width often at left margin

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More appealing if fixed with content is centered

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Page Layout Design Techniques Fluid Layout ◦ AKA “liquid” design ◦ Expands to fill the browser at all resolutions.

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Adaptation:

◦ Page content typically

centered and often configured with a percentage width such as 80%

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Web Design Best Practices Checklist (Form 2) http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices • Page Layout • Browser Compatibility • Navigation • Color and Graphics • Multimedia • Content Presentation • Functionality • Accessibility

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How to be a good designer? Perbanyak lihat contoh berbagai format disain web  Kuasai penggunaan HTML Editor, Image Manipulator / Animator  Practise,  practise,  practise!  Make your own design and be creative! 

How to be a good programmer? Kuasai Logika Pemrograman  Pelajari Javascript dan salah satu server side script  Pelajari modul aplikasi step-by-step  Jangan hanya puas menggunakan instant aplikasi  CMS (Mambo, PHPNuke, dll)  Practise, Practise, Practise  Make your Own! 

Web Development Technology

Web Development Technology • • • • • •

Browser Authoring Tools Development Tools Development Platform Web Server Application Database

Authoring Tools • Microsoft Web Expression • Macromedia Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash • Aptana, HTML-Kit, Komodo, KompoZer • Graphics Design Tools: Photoshop, dll

Development Platform • Server Side Programming: – CGI, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion

• Server Side Platform: – J2EE – Apache, Tomcat – .Net Framework (v1, v1.1, v2, v3, v3.5, …)

• Web Service • Interoperability, data interchange: XML

Web Deployment

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Deploying Website • • • •

Hosting Daftar (Register) Domain Upload Website Testing Website

Deploying Website • Proses hosting dan register domain dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan jasa perusahaan yang menyediakan hosting + daftar domain • Pemilihan hosting harus disesuaikan dengan website yang kita buat, fitur yang disediakan server dan layanan yang diberikan perusahaan tsb.

Deploying Website Pemilihan Server Hosting • Server Unix / Linux  Script PHP • Server Windows: ASP/.NET • Database apa yang disupport? • Berapa kapasitas yang diberikan? • Fitur apa saja yang ada: Control Panel? Email?, FTP?, Backup data?, Sekuritas? • Biaya, dan • Support dari Penyedia server

Final Project Planning Gunakan Lembar Kerja Final Project  Minggu 1: Form 1 - Planning  Minggu 2: Form 2 - Web Evaluation  Minggu 3&4: Presentasi  UAS: Pengumpulan Project 