PREFACE Writing a skripsi is a form of writing a scientific paper—the final task performed by undergraduate students in the Study Program of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala. This simple guide is written to help students to write a proper skripsi. It is intended to provide a format to improve the quality of skripsi written by students. In writing a scientific paper, a student must follow the code of ethics for scientific writing. It refers to the norms accepted and recognized by the International Academic Community that should be noted and adhered to. The norm is primarily concerned with the citations (quotations), references, licensing of the materials used, and the listing/citing of the data sources and informants. Students and the entire academic community, especially those involved in the process of writing the skripsi or scientific papers must follow these code of ethics . One of the important things in this regard is the need for a better understanding of copyright and patent for a scientific product. Finally, we state that this academic guideline takes effect on August 10, 2014 and ends up August 10, 2017. Nonetheless, improvements can be made, according to the development of science and technology, and changes in the dynamics of the world. Wassalam. Banda Aceh, July 21, 2014 HEAD OF STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FKIP UNSYIAH,
Dr. Burhanuddin Yasin, M.Ed. NIP. 19600929 198603 1002
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SKRIPSI FORMAT FOR
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Descriptive and Experimental Studies)
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Format sampul muka kulit depan untuk cetak final Top margin 4 cm
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN IMPROVING THE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG LEARNERS
SKRIPSI [bold type]
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Left margin 4 cm
Time new roman 12 pt Bold type
Right margin 2.5 cm
By Marisa Yoestara [bold type] NIM. 0706102020018 Study Program: English Education
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY DARUSSALAM—BANDA ACEH 2014 Bottom margin 3 cm
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Format sampul muka draf (kulit depan untuk sidang)
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN IMPROVING THE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG LEARNERS
SKRIPSI
Submitted for an examination session of the Sarjana Pendidikan Study Program of English Education
By Marisa Yoestara [bold type] NIM. 0706102020018 Study Program: English Education
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY DARUSSALAM—BANDA ACEH 2014
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Format ini digunakan khusus untuk persetujuan ujian/sidang sarjana
Study Program of English Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Syiah Kuala University
Approval Form of Skripsi for Examination
Name Student No. Title
: Marisa Yoestara : 0706102020018 : An Experimental Research on the Effective Application of of Communicative Approach in Improving Young Learners‟ Speaking Performance
Approved to be submitted for examination sessions of Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Dr. Burhanuddin Ys, M.Ed. NIP. 19600929 198603 1 002
Dra. Endang Komariah, M.Pd. NIP. 19620307 198603 2 002
Date: ....................................
Date: ....................................
Approval for Examination Session Secretary of Study Program
Yuliana, S.Pd., M.A. NIP. 1979071 200604 2 001
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Dilampirkan khusus untuk sidang sarjana
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION, FKIP UNSYIAH RESEARCH SKRIPSI CONSULTATION CONTROL FORM SKRIPSI SUPERVISORS Student‟s Name
: ...................................
Supervisor 1: ............................................
Student‟s Number
: ...................................
Supervisor II: ...........................................
No.
1.
Consultation Stage (Guidance and supervisory services)
Received Date Spv’s Initials
Return to Student Date Std’s Initials
Supervisor’s Remarks
Consultation Service I
Consultation Service II
Consultation Service III
Consultation Service IV
Consultation Service V
Consultation Service VI
2.
3. 4.
Approval for manuscript assessment Comprehensive Examination Oral Examination/Skripsi Hearing Banda Aceh, ........................... 2011
Acknowledged by, Head/Secretary of Study program
Academic Advisor,
.......................................................... NIP. .................................................
................................................................ NIP. .......................................................
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Surat Pernyataan (Original Literary Work Declaration)
Saya yang bertandatangan di bawah ini: Nama : Nomor induk mahasiswa : Program studi : Judul Skripsi) :
Marisa Yoestara 0706102020018 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris An Experimental Research on the Effective Application of Communicative Approach in Improving Young Learners‟ Speaking Performance
dengan ini menyatakan bahwa Tugas Akhir (SKRIPSI) ini merupakan hasil karya tulis ilmiah saya sendiri, dan bukanlah merupakan karya orang lain yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana atau dipublikasikan lewat media mapapun. Adapun karya atau pendapat pihak lain yang dikutip, baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung ditulis sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan ilmiah yang berlaku. Pernyataan ini saya buat dengan penuh tanggungjawab dan saya bersedia menerima segala konsekuensi apapun sesuai dengan aturan dan hukum yang berlaku bilamana dikemudian hari diketahui bahwa pernyataan saya ini tidak benar. Banda Aceh, 15 Juni 2013 (Materai 6000) Marisa Yoestara
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Aproval Form ( Supervisors, Head of Study Program, Dean
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN IMPROVING THE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG LEARNERS
SKRIPSI
By Marisa Yoestara NIM. 0706102020018 Study Program: English Education
Approved by
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Dr. Burhanuddin Ys, M.Ed. NIP. 19600929 198603 1 002
Dra. Endang Komariah, M.Pd. NIP. 19620307 198603 2 002
Acknowledged by
Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Head of Study Program
Dr. Djufri, M.Si. NIP. 19631111 198903 1 011
Dr. Drs. Burhanuddin Yasin, M.Ed. NIP. 19600929 198603 1 002
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Study Program of English Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Syiah Kuala University Consent Form of Skripsi (Quantitative)
Skripsi manuscript: “An Experimental Research on the Effective Application of the Communicative Approach in Improving the Speaking Performance of Young Learners’” by Marisa Yoestara, Student Number 0706102020018 has been examined by the following Examiner on ...................(day), ................................. (month & date) .........(year) and is stated as: FEASIBLE/NOT FEASIBLE* (coreng yang tidak perlu).
First Examiner: Dra. Endang Komariah, M.Pd. NIP. 19620307 198603 2 002
________________________________ Signature
Second Examiner: Dr. Zulfadli Azis, M.A. NIP. 19760603 200604 1 001
________________________________ Signature
*If not feasible, please write a clear note and logical/academic reasons
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Study Program of English Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Syiah Kuala University Consent Form of Skripsi (Quantitative)
Skripsi: “An Experimental Research on the Effective Application of the Communicative Approach in Improving the Speaking Performance of Young Learners’” by Marisa Yoestara, Student Number 0706102020018 has been examined by the Board of Examiners for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris on Wednesday, November 23rd 2013 and is stated as: ............... *See your transcript for the final mark of your skripsi
Board of Examiners Chairperson/Member of Examiner Panel Dr. Drs. Burhanuddin Ys, M.Ed. NIP. 19600929 198603 1 002 __________________________________ Chairperson of Examiner Panel Members 1. Dra. Endang Komariah, M.Pd. NIP. 19620307 198603 2 002 _________________________________ Member of Examiner Panel / First Supervisor 2. Saiful, S.Pd. M.Pd., M.TESOL NIP. 197220222 200112 1 002 __________________________________ Member of ExaminerPanel / Second Supervisor 3. Asnawi Muslim, S.Pd., M.Ed. NIP. 19741105 200112 1 003 __________________________________ Member of Examiner Panel
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Abstract Name Student No. Study Program Title
: : : :
Marisa Yoestara 0706102020018 English Education An Experimental Research on the Effective Application of the Communicative Approach in Improving the SpeakingPerformance of Young Learners
Keywords: ...
......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ..........................
Note: 1. Type in single space format 2. Not more than 200 words 3. One paragraph only
The Abstract should contain a brief justification (reason) why you chose the title and objective (purpose) of the research. Explain the issues (scope) discussed in your skripsi, the actions (methods) you used related to the problem, and the end consequence (result) of these actions. Then, you have to put forward suggestions (recommendation), or you offer a solution in the form of change or specific actions. Lastly, you make a final summary of your work (conclusion) that describes the relationship of cause and effect of your study. As a resume of a scientific paper, an abstract should be brief, clear, complete, concise, and cohesive. Remember! The maximum number of words in this abstract is 200 words. Good Quality of Abstract 1. Use a single good paragraph, and the paragraph is unified, coherent, and concise. 2. Follow the chronological order of writing. 3. Logical transitions between the information provided. 4. Add no new information, just summarize the proposal. 5. Can be understood by many readers. 11
Acknowledgements
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim! ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .................................... ............................................................................................................................. .......................................... Catatan: 1. Type 1.5 space format 2. You may write several paragraphs, but not more than one page
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Khusus untuk sidang sarjana
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1.5 space)
Page
Approval Form of Skripsi ..........................................................................................ii Consultation Control Form (khusus untuk sidang)...................................................iii Original Literary Work Declaration ..........................................................................iv Abstract ......................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................vi Table of Contents......................................................................................................vii List of Tabel (if any).................................................................................................viii List of Figures (if any)……………........................................................................... ix List of Appendices (if any) .........................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background ............................................................................. 1.2 Research Problem.................................................................................... 1.3 Research Objective ................................................................................. 1.4 Research Significance .............................................................................. 1.5 Research Scope ........ ............................................................................. 1.6 Research Hypothesis ............................................................................................. 1.7 Operational Definition (optional) ..........................................................................
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 .............................................................................................................. 2.1.1 ... 2.1.1.1 ... 2.2 ... CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method .................................................................................... 3.2 Population and Sample ...........................................................................
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3.3 Research Instrument ................................................................................ 3.4 Technique of Data Collection ................................................................. 3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................... CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Result ........................................................................................ ............. 4.1.1 Data Presentation and Analysis .......................................................... 4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................... 4.2.1 Interpretation of Data ........................................................................ . CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................... References .............................................................................................................. Appendices .............................................................................................................
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Khusus untuk cetak final
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1.5 space)
Page
Original Literary Work Declaration ..........................................................................ii Approval Form (Supervisors, Head of Study Program, Dean) .................................iii Consent Form ............................................................................................................iv Abstract ......................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................vi Table of Contents......................................................................................................vii List of Tabel (if any).................................................................................................viii List of Figures (if any)……………........................................................................... ix List of Appendices (if any) .........................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background............................................................................... 1.2 Research Problem..................................................................................... 1.3 Research Objective ................................................................................. 1.4 Research Significance ............................................................................. 1.5 Research Scope ........ ............................................................................ . 1.6 Research Hypothesis ............................................................................... 1.7 Operational Definition (optional)............................................................ CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 ........................................................................................................... ... 2.1.1 ... 2.1.1.1 ... 2.2 ... CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method .................................................................................... 3.2 Population and Sample ...........................................................................
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3.3 Research Instrument ................................................................................ 3.4 Technique of Data Collection ................................................................. 3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................... CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.2 Result ........................................................................................ ............. 4.2.2 Data Presentation and Analysis ..................................................... ....... 4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................... 4.3.1 Interpretation of Data and Hypothesis Testing ..................................... CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................... References .............................................................................................................. Appendices .............................................................................................................
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LIST OF TABLES
Page Table 2.1 Students‟ Response on the Teaching and Learning Condition……...... 31 Table 2.2 ................................................................................................................ Table 2.3 ................................................................................................................ Table 4.1 ……………………………………………………………………….... Table 4.2……………………………………………………………………….....
Note: 2.1 = Chapter 2; Table number one 4.2 = Chapter 4; Table number two
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LISTS OF FIGURES
Page Figure 2.1 Students‟ Response on the Teaching and Learning Condition……...... 35 Figure 2.2 ................................................................................................................ Figure 2.3 ................................................................................................................ Figure 4.1 ……………………………………………………………………….... Figure 4.2……………………………………………………………………….....
Note: 2.1 = Chapter 2; Figure number one 4.2 = Chapter 4; Figure number two
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page APPENDIX 1: Lesson Implementation Plan (RPP) and other Teaching and Learning Aids ............................................................................... 52 APPENDIX 2: Data of Students‟ Response on the Teaching and Learning Process ...........................................................................................
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PREPARATION AND FORMAT FOR THE FINAL ACADEMIC TASK—FIELD RESEARCH (QUANTITATIVE) (40-50 pages only: Chapter 1-5, including references, excluding first part and final part)
FIRST PART Title Page Original Literary Work Declaration Approval Form (Supervisors, Head of Study Program, Dean) Consent Form (Supervisors, other member of Examiners) Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices MAIN PART CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background 1.2 Research Problem 1.3 Research Objective 1.4 Research Significance 1.5 Research Scope 1.6 Research Hypothesis 1.7 Operational Definition (optional) CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 ... 2.1.1 ... 2.2 ... CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method 3.2 Population and Sample 3.3 Research Instrument 3.5 Technique of Data Collection 3.6 Technique of Data Analysis CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Result 4.1.1 Data presentation and Analysis 4.2 Discussion 4.1.2 Interpretation of data and Hypothesis Testing 20
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Suggestion REFERENCES APPENDICES 1. Lesson Implementation Plan, including all research instruments used in the research process for experimental design (Approved by teacher and supervisor) 2. Pre-Test and Post-Test (experimental design) 3. Sample of three (top, mid, lower) students‟ answer sheet (original hand writing: pre and post-test: experimental design) 4. Observation Sheet for experimental research (approved by supervisor only) 5. Observation Sheet for non experimental research (approved by teacher and School Principal) 6. Statistical Analysis Sheet (if you use SPSS, or other kinds of statistical measurement tool) 7. Other relevant documents as necessary (consult with supervisor) 8. Curriculum Vitae
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BRIEF EXPLANATION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH FORMAT Keywords Keywords are words or very short phrases (in two to three words) that define your research or the content of your skripsi, with the purpose of catching the attention of prospective readers and also for typical search engines. A skripsi usually requires four to eight keywords. For example, if the title of your skripsi is “A pragmatics analysis of a teacher‟s code-switching in a bilingual classroom”, the possible keywords can be: code-switching, bilingual classroom, conversational functions, pragmatics, Indonesian-English, and bilingualism. CHAPTER 1 Research Background In this section, you begin your presentation by explaining the gap between expectations and reality in the field of education you are studying, both theoretical and practical gaps underlying the problem(s) under study. As part of your supporting ideas, you should also briefly describe the related theory, research findings, conclusions and discussion of scientific seminars, or even your own experience(s)/personal observations, which should closely link to the subject-matter being studied. This will clarify your reasons for doing the research; and such reasons need to be stated in a clear statement. So that, the selected problem(s) for investigation, get(s) a solid platform. Research Problem The formulation of the problem is an attempt to state explicitly the questions you want to resolve. It is a complete and detailed statement about the scope of the problem to be investigated. It is prepared in brief, with solidity and clarity. A good formulation of the problem will reveal the variables (problems) to be studied, the type or nature of the relationship between these variables, and the subjects. Furthermore, the formulation of the problem(s) can be tested empirically, in the sense that data collection can be made to answer the questions or hypothesis put forward. On the basis of the aforementioned statement of problem(s), the author then formulates the research questions, which may be written in several forms, amongst others: (a) in the form of a single question and (b) in the form of general questions followed by specific questions. Research Objective(s) The purpose of research should be related to the status of the research problem(s), i.e. research questions. The purpose of study is the sentence which indicates the existence of something to be obtained after the research is conducted. The content and formulation of research objectives refer to the content and formulation of the research problems/questions. The difference lies in the way that you formulate them.
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Research problems are formulated using squib sentences, while the research objectives are stated in the form of statements. The number of items of research objectives should be adjusted to the number of items of research questions. Research Significance This section contains the reasons of feasibility of the problem being studied, or the importance of research, especially for the development of science or practical knowledge (e.g. for teachers, students, education practitioners, etc.) or implementation of development in a broader sense. Research Scope A study can be more manageable if there are restrictions in the scope of objectives. Restrictions can be made by limiting the scope of study area. For example: Your research is concerned with the use of Cooperative Learning Approach (e.g. ThinkPair-Share method) in teaching reading skills. In the study of reading, there are many types of reading (e.g. descriptive, narrative, procedural, report, newsitems, etc.). Therefore, limit your study to one specific type of reading, for example - the procedural type of reading. Another example is a research that is concerned with the application of Contextual Teaching and Learning approach or Communicative Approach in teaching speaking skills for junior high school students. If you look at the curriculum of junior high school (ref. VII.1, 3.3; VII.2; 9.2), you will find many speech acts such as „requesting and providing information‟, „thanking‟, „apologizing‟, „expressing politeness‟, requesting and giving opinions‟, „stating likes and dislikes‟, requests for clarification‟, responding interpersonally, etc. Out of these speech acts, you may select or limit your research to only two or three speech acts for your research focus, depending on the logical reasons suggested by your supervisor(s). Research Hypothesis The Research Hypothesis is a brief statement that is postulated from the basic theory or literature review. The hypothesis is a tentative answer to the issues discussed. The “Hypothesis” is the "theoretical conclusion" (result of the theoretical reflection) that still needs to be tested against empirical reality. Because the truth of hypothesis still needs to be tested, then the content of hypothesis must be testable so they can be confirmed. The written hypothesis needs to meet the following requirements: 1. The hypothesis must be formulated in a short but clear statement; 2. The hypothesis must demonstrate the relationship between two or more variables; 3. The hypothesis must be supported by theory/ies put forward by experts or related research (listed in the basic theory or literature review). Operational Definition(s) The operational definition(s) is/are the explanation of the definition(s) of variables that your have chosen for your research. Thus, if the title of your skripsi is similar to
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others, the operational definition(s) should be different. The operational definition is written in a short format which does not resemble the literature review. CHAPTER 2 Literature Review The theoretical basis for your skripsi should be derived (extracted) from a literature review, particularly the theory that relates directly to the problems examined. You are required to explain the results of the theoretical studies presented in your skripsi (review of the literature). You must read and review the theory(s) to determine your theoretical framework or theoretical basis for your study. The keywords in the title of your proposal will lead you to find related sources of literature. In other words, you must review literature that is related to the topic of your research. The foundation of the theory is a set of theories (especially those related to the variable(s) or object(s) of your research and methods) that you have chosen as a guide to conduct your research. This theory is also used to formulate the hypotheses (particularly in quantitative research), or hypothetical action (in the classroom action research). The materials to complete this section can be obtained from various sources including academic journals, conference proceedings, dissertations, theses, research reports, textbooks, papers, seminar reports, newspaper articles, internet articles, scientific discussions, and official publications of government bodies and other institutions. CHAPTER 3 Research Method In this section, you need to discuss the kind and nature of quantitative research method you will use. Explanations concern with the reasons of why you will use that particular kind of method. Your reasons must indicate the relevance to your research title and method(s). Here, you need to put forward the foundation, source or reference that explains such reasons. Remember! If you use a certain method, viz. descriptive quantitative method, you must be consistent with the type of data, data collection techniques and tools, and techniques of data analysis, all of which lead to the quantitative research. Population/s and Sample/s A population is a set or group of people or objects that have similarities in one or several aspects as the main subjects for a specific research to be conducted. Population(s) to be studied should be clearly defined before the research begins. If you want to study the attitudes of students toward a specific method or technique of teaching, then the population is the entire body of students who follow that learning process using that particular method or technique. If you want to study the effectiveness of the use of cooperative learning methods in SMPN X, then the population is all of the students in SMP X who use cooperative learning methods. Sample(s) is a small proportion of the population. Samples must be accurate and precise, and the sample size should be adequate based on the goal or aim of your
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research. You need to explain and describe clearly and reasonably the techniques of sampling you will use. For example, simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, etc. Research Instrument In this section, you suggest the instrument to be used to collect his/her research data. The instrument(s) used shall be in accordance with the design, method, or research approach used. In addition, you must also explain the procedure of instrument development or selection of equipments and materials used in your research. For example, if the instrument to be used is "written test", then describe the components or variables that might be tested, so that, data analysis can be performed more accurately and in accordance with the type of data. Techniques of Data Collection In this section, you should indicate (a) the conformation data collection method(s) and the instruments used, as well as the reasons for their use; (b) clearly and briefly set out the steps and procedures applied during the experimental (treatment) process (details can be delineated in experimental procedure for example in the lesson plan, and (c) the time schedule for implementation of data collection. Technique of Data Analysis The content of this section sets out the statistical analysis technique used and the reasons for the selection of this technique. The reason might be an argument that is associated with your purpose of study, the sample size, and type of data obtained through the instruments used. The reason for selecting a statistical technique should be based on conformity with the research questions rather than on technical sophistication. If a simple statistical technique is considered adequate, there is no reason to choose a more complicated and more sophisticated one. The use of data analysis techniques is directed to answer the research problem or hypotheses being tested. CHAPTER 4 Result(s) and Discussion(s) Result: Data Presentation and Analysis. Here you describe the treatment of data in tables and written statements in accordance with the method of analysis used. Discussion: Interpretation of Data and Hypothesis Testing. At this point, you reveal your interpretations based on the results of the presentation; and you analyze the data based on theories that are relevant to your study, on which basis, then, the hypothesis is tested.
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CHAPTER 5 Conclusion(s) and Suggestion(s) Conclusion(s). Content of the conclusion section should be based on the data drawn from the results of the research. It addresses the issue based on the results of the analysis and discussion that has been made. It should briefly present the answers to the objectives of esearch reflected in the hypothesis. Suggestion(s). Every study has some shortcomings and limitations; therefore, you must describe clearly such weaknesses and inadequacies in this section. You are to further suggest some future research that is related to yours that can be conducted by other researchers. Hence, further suggestions that you present in this section should be based on your current research content; not on something beyond the actual content.
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FORMAT PENULISAN JUDUL DAN PARAGRAP Penulisan Judul Untuk memperoleh keseragaman dalam penulisan karya ilmiah yang diatur dengan panduan ini, berikut ini diuraikan format penulisan judul. Judul Bagian Depan ditulis dengan gaya penulisan semua huruf capital (12b) dan satu spasi. Bila terdiri atas beberapa baris, maka baris pertama paling panjang dan baris berikutnya lebih pendek serta ditulis dengan gaya di tengah-tengah. Contoh: DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
Penulisan Judul Bab Judul bab ditulis dengan gaya penulisan huruf pertama kapital kecuali article atau kata depan, dan ditulis 1.5 spasi. Contoh: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODOLOGY
CHPATER 4 RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
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Penulisan Judul Subbab dan Subsubbab Judul subbab juga ditulis dengan gaya penulisan huruf pertama setiap kata kapital (bold type) kecuali article atau kata depan. Sedangkan judul subsubbab ditulis dengan huruf italic bold type. Paragrap pertama dan paragraph berikutnya ditulis dalam bentuk indent style 7 ketukan (sekali tap). Contoh: Subbab pada Chapter 2 2.1
Goal of Course Syllabus Design (CSDD) The CSDD Workshop was designed, implemented, and taught or facilitated by
the author who received training in curriculum development through post graduate study (Doctoral Degree in Education Management in 2004) at The Teacher Training and Education Faculty (FKIP) of Syiah Kuala University ... The goal of the CSDD workshop is to train the junior teaching staff to design, develop, improve, and enhance the course syllabus of core subject matters covered within the curriculum of the Study Program of English Education, FKIP Syiah Kuala University.
Contoh: Subsubbab pada Chapter 2 2.1.1 Method—Work Process The plenary session split into a general and a specific plenary. The general plenary was intended to make an appraisal of the conceptual work resulting from the work produced by the individual teams. The individual teams wrote up the first draft by focusing on the respective components of the syllabus design, which were then brought up to the plenary session for discussion and mutual agreement. As the first element was in agreement,…
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Top margin 4 cm
Double spaces and 5 enters
CHAPTER 1 Left margin 4 cm
INTRODUCTION
Right margin 2.5 cm
Double spaces and 3 x enters
1.1
Background of Problem Speaking is one of the most important skills to be learned by students of
English as a Foreign Language (EFL). ... of the ability to speak well is reflected in Bilash‟s (2009, p. 1) arguments. He says that ... Referring to the School-Based Curriculum (2006, p. 308), speaking is one of the four language ... before: 6 pt
1.2
Problem Formulation As decribed in the previous section that for the sake of making an effective
communication, one should practice ... 1.3
Research Objective The research aims at finding out if the use of Functional Planning Strategy will
improve the students‟ speaking performance to a KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal= Minimum Completion Criteria) standard value. This will be ...
Bottom margin 3 cm
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Contoh halaman pertama Bab 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Goal of Course Syllabus Design (CSDD) The CSDD Workshop was designed, implemented, and taught or facilitated by
the author who received training in curriculum development through post graduate study at The Teacher Training and Education Faculty (FKIP) of Syiah... 2.1.1 Method—Work Process
2 spaces + 6pt
The plenary session split into a general and a specific plenary. The general plenary was intended to make an appraisal of the conceptual work produced by the individual teams. The discussion focused on particular elements of… 2.1.1.1 General Procedure [normal type] mamammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm 2.1.1.1.1 Introduction [italic type] mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmm
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FORMAT PENGETIKAN Bahasa yang digunakan: Bahasa Inggris =ENGLISH Bahan, jenis huruf, dan spasi: Kertas HVS 80 gr, ukuran A4, warna putih. Jenis huruf yang digunakan adalah Times New Roman dengan ukuran huruf 12 point dengan 2 spasi untuk bagian teks. Jenis huruf yang sama juga digunakan untuk tabel, gambar/grafik tetapi dengan ukuran 11 point. Sedangkan ukuran huruf untuk penjelasan dalam gambar berukuran 9-10 point, sehingga gambar serasi dan jelas untuk dibaca. Format yang digunakan: Naskah diketik dengan tinta (catridge) hitam, font Times New Roman, 12 pt; Pengetikan 2 (dua) spasi pada satu muka; Margin dan halaman: ⇒ Margin atas: 4 cm (1.58 inci) dari tepi kertas ⇒ Margin kiri: 4 cm (1.58 inci) dari tepi kertas ⇒ Margin bawah: 3 cm (1.18 inci) dari tepi kertas ⇒ Margin kanan: 2.5 cm (1.18 inci) dari tepi kertas ⇒ Halaman ditulis di sebelah kanan bawah Sampul muka dan belakang: Sampul muka dan belakang dibuat dari karton manila atau yang sejenis, dengan motif polos, warna biru FKIP. Penjilidan: Untuk naskah ujian, dijilid dalam bentuk soft-cover (bawah) pakai kartun manila warna biru FKIP; atas pakai plastik. Yang telah diuji (lulus) dijilid dalam bentuk hard-cover; atas dan bawah senyawa, pakai kartun manila warna biru FKIP. Halaman: Semua lampiran dibuat halaman sebagai berikut. Lampiran-1 (Appendix 1) diberi halaman 1.1; 1.2 dst.); Appendix 2 diberi halaman 2.1; 2.2 dst.)
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FORMAT PENULISAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA Secara umum format penulisan daftar pustaka adalah mengikuti kaidah dari APA (American Psychological Association), yaitu dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut: Daftar pustaka ditulis dengan field berurutan sebagai berikut: i. Penulis ii. Tahun penulisan iii. Judul iv. Data Publikasi v. Nama kota penerbit vi. Nama penerbit Penulisan daftar pustaka disusun berdasarkan urutan abjad nama keluarga penulis utama Daftar Pustaka ditulis dengan 1 (satu) spasi, dengan hang indent sebesar 5 (lima) spasi. Catatan: Bila pustaka berasal dari jurnal, maka judul ditulis dengan judul artikel, sedangkan nama penerbit ditulis dengan nama jurnal diikuti dengan edisi penerbitan dan halaman dari artikel tersebut; Bila pustaka berasal dari sebuah artikel/bab yang tersusun dalam buku/prosiding, maka judul dituliskan dengan judul artikel/bab diikuti dengan judul buku/prosiding pustaka diikuti nama editornya. Contoh perujukan: Pengarang tunggal: Neumayer, E. (2003). Explaining the pattern of Aid Giving. London: Routledge Lebih dari satu buku/artikel dengan pengarang yang sama: Neumayer, E. (2003). Explaining the pattern of Aid Giving. London: Routledge. -------------. (2003a). Another title of the same author. London: Routledge. Pengarang lebih dari satu: Stuart, A., & Ord, K. (1994). Kendall’s advanced theory of atatistics, vol. 1. New York: Edward Arnold. Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There‟s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204. Pengarang lebih dari tujuh: Miller, F. H., et al. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
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Artikel dari jurnal: Yasin, B. (2009). Developing critical thinking and collaborative learning in language instruction, Wacana Kependidikan, 10(2), 143-154. Abstrak artikel dari jurnal: Yusuf, Y. Q., Pillai, S., & Mohd. Ali, N.T.A. (2013). Speaking Acehnese in Malaysia [Abstract]. Language and Communication, 33(1), 50-60. Majalah: Mistaram. (2008, October). Wisudawan dengan nilai. Komunikasi, hal. 2. Informasi dari website/Internet: Landon, P. (2006). An introduction to inflow prevention, Pump and System, (Online), March 2006 (http://www.pump-zone.com/articles/An_Intro.pdf, accessed 9 Maret 2008) Artikel dalam website/Internet: Judy, G., & Therrien, K. (1993). The syllabus reevaluated: Creating a tool for effective learning”. About Teaching, 44. Retrieved June 29, 2008 from http://learn.quinnipiac.edu/teaching/betterteaching/seminars/documents/4.Sylla busrevisited-Green.pdf Buku manual yang diterbitkan institusi (jurusan): Prodi Bahasa Inggris. (2010). Pedoman penulisan proposal dan skripsi, FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala., Darussalam. Buku dari suatu lembaga: Direktorat Pembinaan Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. (1994). Pegangan gaya penulisan, penyuntingan, dan penerbitan karya ilmiah. Jakarta: Depdikbud, Ditjen Dikti. Tugas sarjana, tesis dan disertasi yang tidak dipublikasikan: Yasin, B. (2004). Sistem informasi manajemen pendidikan: Studi pengembangan model sistem informasi manajemen bidang adminsitrasi akademik dan kemahasiswaan pada FKIP Unsyiah. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universitas Negeri Malang Malang. Tugas sarjana, tesis dan disertasi yang dipublikasikan: Asyik. A. G. (1987). A contextual grammar of Acehnese sentences. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.acehbooks.org/pdf/00402.pdf. (Order number: 8720237) Laporan penelitian yang pidak dipublikasikan: Yasin, B, dkk. (2009). Manajemen berbasis sekolah: Suatu strategi pembangunan kapasitas lembaga pendidikan yang akuntabel dan transparan menuju
33
pendidikan berkualitas. (Laporan Penelitian). Banda Aceh: Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Artikel dalam proceeding: Man, C. Y. (2007). An acoustical analysis of the vowels, diphthongs and tripthongs in Hakka Chinese. Proceedings from: The International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 2007 (ICPhS XVI), pp. 841-844. Saarbrücken, Germany. Retrieved June 17, 2010 from www.icphs2007.de/conference/Papers/1614/1614_extra_1.pdf Artikel dalam proceeding (dari CD-ROM): Astina, I. M, & Sato, H. (2003). State of the art on Thermodynamic Modeling for HFC refrigerants: The recent challenge to develop fundamental equations of state, Proceedings from: 4th Doctoral Conference Asia Pacific Rim Universities. National Autonomous University, Mexico. (CD-ROM). Artikel dalam buku berisi kumpulan artikel (ada editor): Fogel, J. (1994). Evolutionary programming in perspective: The top-down view. In J. M. Zurada, R. J. Marks II, & C. J. Robinson (Eds.), Computational intelligence imitating life (pp. 135-146). New York: IEEE Press. Perujukan dari buku yang telah diterjemahkan: Meriam, J. L., & L. G. Kraige. (1988). Mekanika Teknik – Statika, Jilid I, Versi SI, terjemahan Tony Mulia. Surabaya: Penerbit Erlangga. Perujukan dari makalah yang dipresentasikan: Yasin, B. (2009). Creating an integrated English language teaching model for intermediate level of English learners. Paper presented at Lustrum Ke-2 dan Ulang Tahun ke-47 FKIP Unsyiah, 21-23 Desember, 2009. Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Perujukan artikel atau informasi dari koran: Gani, S. (2010, 27 Februari). Pendidikan Aceh semakin rontok, Serambi Indonesia, hal. 22. Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A-2A. Television broadcast: Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [Television broadcast]. New York, NY: Central Broadcasting Service. A television series: Bellisario, D. L. (Producer). (1992). Exciting action show [Television series]. Hollywood: American Broadcasting Company.
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Music recording: Taupin, B. (1975). Someone saved my life tonight [Recorded by Elton John]. On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy [CD]. London, England: Big Pig Music Limited. Motion picture: Smith, J. D. (Producer), & Smithee, A. F. (Director). (2001). Really big disaster movie [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. Blog Dean, J. (2008, May 7). When the self emerges: Is that me in the mirror? [Blog]. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttransport YouTube Jessica, D. [Dorothy Jessica]. (2013, February 13). Malaysian English - The most colourful English in the world [Video file]. Retrieved February 4, 2012 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsaJ7OPUomc Computer Software/Downloaded Software Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2007). PRAAT: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 4.6.12) [Software]. Retrieved July 27, 2007 from http://www.praat.org/ Online lecture notes and presentation slides Roberts, K. F. (1998). Federal regulations of chemicals in the environment [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/40hrenv/index.html Interviews, email, and other personal communication No personal communication is included in your reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase “personal communication,” and the date of the communication in your main text only: (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001). A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
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FORMAT PENULISAN TABLES/FIGURES Tabel dibuat dalam bentuk sebagai berikut: 4.1.1 Higher Level Quality School: West Aceh Table 4.1 below illustrates the number of teachers according to their respective subjects and qualifications—higher level quality school. Tabel 4.1 Teacher-Pupil Ratio No.
School Name
No. of Teachers
No. of Pupils
Ratio PupilTeacher
1
SDN Percontohan
30
499
16,6
2
SDN 3 Meulaboh
16
241
15,1
3
SDN 10 Meulaboh
15
193
12,9
4
SDN 14 Meulaboh
23
462
20,1
5
MIN Peureumeue
16
228
14,3
6
MIN Meulaboh*
47
546
11,6
7
MIN Drien Rampak
43
1.164
27,1
Totals
190
3.333
Averages
27
476
17,5
Catatan: 1. Deskripsi/keterangan tabel ditulis pada bagian atas dari tabel dan berjarak 1(satu) spasi dari tabel, dengan penomoran mengikuti bab. Dengan demikian, untuk setiap bab nomor tabelnya dimulai dari nomor 1. Misalnya Tabel 1.1 berarti tabel tersebut adalah tabel pertama pada bab 1. Tabel 2.3 berarti tabel tersebut adalah tabel ketiga pada bab 2. 2. Bentuk tabel variatif, tetapi tepat, jelas, dan mudah diinterpretasi. 3. Ukuran tulisan dalam tabel 10 pt. Format penulisan gambar/grafik dapat dilihat pada contoh berikut:
45,5
0,7 negatif
cenderung negatif
52,5
cenderung positif
1,3 positif
Figure 4.1 Students’ Attitude toward English Lessons
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Catatan: Deskripsi/keterangan gambar dan/atau grafik diketik pada bagian bawah dari gambar/grafik/diagram, dan berjarak 1 spasi dari badan gambar, dengan penomoran mengikuti bab. Dengan demikian, untuk setiap bab nomor grafiknya dimulai dari nomor 1. Misalnya Figure 1.1 berarti grafik tersebut adalah grafik pertama pada bab 1. Figure 2.3 berarti grafik tersebut adalah grafik ketiga pada bab 2.
37
FORMAT PENULISAN KUTIPAN Contoh: Kutipan langsung di luar paragraph (1 spasi; inden kiri-kanan 5 ketukan dan diketik huruf miring) Such an idea has been discussed by Ling (1995, p. 32), which is reflected in her statement as follows: In the current era, the 1990s, which is distinguished by a dominant economic rationalist agenda and the market economy of schooling, there is a demand for new approaches to be taken to organization and administration of the education system and to the policy construction process which results in the setting of a direction for that system. Contoh: Kutipan langsung bahasa asli (mis. Bahasa Indonesia) di luar paragraph (1 spasi; inden kiri-kanan 5 ketukan dan diketik huruf biasa dan tejemahannya diketik di dalam kurung huruf miring) Such an idea has been discussed by Nurhadi, Yasin, and Senduk (2003, p. 45), which is reflected in the following statement. CTL merupakan suatu proses pendidikan yang bertujuan membantu siswa melihat makna yang terkandung dalam bahan pelajaran dengan konteks kehidupan sehari-hari, yaitu dengan konteks lingkungan pribadinya, sosialnya dan budayanya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut sistem CTL menuntun siswa melalui delapan komponen utama: melakukan hubungan yang bermakna, melakukan pekerjaan yang berarti, mengatur cara belajar sendiri, bekerja sama, berfikir kritis dan kreatif, memelihara hubungan pribadi siswa, mencapai standar yang tinggi serta menggunakan penilaian otentik. (Translation: CTL is an educational process that aims to help students see meaning in the academic subject within the context of their daily lives, that is, within the context of their personal, social, and cultural circumstances. To achieve this aim, the CTL system encompasses the following linked eight components: making meaningful connections, doing significant work, self-regulated learning, collaborating, critical and creative thinking, nurturing the individual, reaching high standards, and using authentic assessments. Contoh: Kutipan langsung di dalam paragrap (tidak lebih dari tiga baris dan diketik huruf miring), dan halaman buku yang dikutip ditulis di akhir kutipan. Kallaus and Keeling (1992) argue that in order to achieve organizational efficiency, an organization should empower specialization. This argument is inferred
38
in their statement as follows, “The more specialized the work assigned to individuals within the limits of human tolerance, the greater the opportunity for efficient performance” (p. 35). Contoh penulisan nama pengarang di luar tanda kurung: Kallaus and Keeling (1992, p. 35) said that “the more specialized the work assigned to individuals within the limits of human tolerance, the greater the opportunity for efficient performance”. Contoh penulisan nama pengarang di dalam tanda kurung: When work is assigned to an individual within his limit, then there is a greater chance for him to perform at his best (Kallaus & Keeling, 1992). *Perbedaan keduanya terletak pada penulisan “and” dan “&”.
SERBA-SERBI Contoh parafrasa dan ringkasan Original Version [Ozagac, 2004, p. 15] A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an even bigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis. Paraphrase Version [Yasin, Burhan, 2009] According to recent findings, medical treatment might adversely affect ones physical condition and so it is suggested that it would be better to maintain our health through meditation such as in Reiki. This discovery has caused serious concern amongst the medical profession and the medical sciences. Conversely, the news is delightful for the impecunious/poor (Ozagac, 2004, p. 15). Summary Version [Yasin, Burhan, 2009] Meditation has been scientifically found to give better release from many kinds of disease than medication. This is a serious concern for both the medical profession and for the advancement of science; but it is helpful for the impecunious/poor (Ozagac, 2004, p. 15).
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Example of CURRICULUM VITAE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Name Date/Place of Birth Gender Religion Nationality Status Address
8. 9.
Occupation Parents a. Name of Father b. Name of Mother c. Father‟s occupation d. Mother‟s occupation e. Address of parents
10. Education a. Elementary b. Junior High c. Senior High d. University
: : : : : : :
Fatima Amna Hasan June 12, 1993/Banda Aceh Female Islam Indonesian Single Jalan Bayeun No. 24, Dusun Sederhana, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia : Student : Hasan Saleh : Khatijah Abdul : Civil Servant in PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) : House wife : Jalan Bayeun No. 24, Dusun Sederhana, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia : SDN 69, Darussalam, Banda Aceh : SMPN 13, Darussalamm Banda Aceh : SMAN 3, Lamprit, Banda Aceh : Study Program of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh
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References APA Style. Retrieved February 4, 2012 from http://www.apastyle.org/ APA Style. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/ Basrowi & Suwandi. (2008). Memahami penelitian kualitatif. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.jpsimbulan.net/tag/sample-thesisformat/ Borg, R. W., & Gall, D. M. (1982). Educational research: An introduction (4th ed). New York: Longman Brannen, J. (1993). Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. England: Avebury Ashgate Publishing Limited. Cambell, D., & Campbell, M. (1996). The student’s guide to doing research on the Internet. Canada: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). London: Routledge. Cozby, P.C. (2004). Methods in behavioral research (8th ed.). London: Meyfield Publishing Company. Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Buku Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi. (2012). Banda Aceh: FKIP Unsyiah. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Ditjen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Direktorat Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama. (2001). Pedoman teknis pelaksanaan classroom action research. Jakarta: Proyek PPM-SLTP Pusat Jakarta. Descriptive Research Design. Retrieved Fabruary 4, 2014 from http://www.experiment-resources.com/descriptive-research-design.html Hopkins, D. (1993). A teacher’s guide to classroom research (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Open University Press. Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Foundation of behavioral research (2nd ed.). New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Masterpapers.com. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.masterpapers.com/blog/thesis-writing-guide/thesis-format/ Muijs, D. (2004). Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS. London: Thousand Oaks. McNiff, J. (1992). Action research: Principles and practice. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. McTaggart, R. (1993). Action research: A short modern history. Geelong: Victoria Deakin University Press. 41
Soejono & Abdurrahman. (1999). Metode penelitian: Suatu pemikiran dan penerapan. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta. Types of Research Design. Retrieved February 4, 2014 from http://www.experimentresources.com/research-designs.html#ixzz0inCoQI56. Yasin, B. (1999). Beberapa teori dasar penelitian tindakan kelas: Pedoman pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas. Banda Aceh: Proyek PPM-SLTP Kanwil Depdiknas Kantor Wilayah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh.
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STANDARD OPERASIONAL PROCEDURE (A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING A SKRIPSI)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Study Program of English Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Syiah Kuala University
Valid from 01 August 2014 to 01 August 2017
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY DARUSSALAM—BANDA ACEH 2014 43
