PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LINTAS SELATAN JAWA TIMUR DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG PADA RUAS JALAN NGREJO – PANTAI SINE STA 30+600 – 33+500 Oleh : Rizki Agung Pramudia Dosen Pembimbing : Sapto Budi Wasono,ST,MT
ABSTRAKSI Pembangunan jalan lintas selatan Jawa Timur merupakan jalan baru yang menghubungkan wilayah selatan jawa timur untuk meningkatkan mobilitas dan meningkatkan potensi wilayah selatan Jawa Timur. Dalam tugas akhir ini membahas tentang perencanaan geometri jalan, dan perkerasan jalan. Perencanaan lapis perkerasan harus mempertimbangkan faktor ekonomi, kondisi lingkungan, kondisi tanah dasar, beban lalu lintas, fungsi jalan dan faktor – faktor lainnya. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam perencanaan tebal perkerasan lentur jalan adalah Analisa Komponen Bina Marga, sedangkan untuk perancanaan tebal perkerasan kaku adalah metode Pd T – 14 – 2003 Ditjen Bina Marga.Hal ini dikarenakan kedua metode tersebut cukup banyak dipakai untuk perencanaan tebal perkerasan jalan di Indonesia. Selain itu tugas akhir ini juga membahas tentang perbandingan biaya perencanaan tebal perkerasan dengan menggunakan metode Analisa Komponen dan metode Pd T- 14 – 2003 untuk diperoleh hasil perencanaan akhir dari studi perbandingan kedua metode tersebut dengan memperhatikan nilai – nilai yang lebih ekonomis dan sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan dan lingkungan hal itu dikarenakan kedua perkerasan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan.
Kata kunci : Perkerasan lentur, perkerasan kaku, analisa harga
DAFTAR ISI
Abstraksi....................................................................................................................... i Kata Pengantar .......................................................................................................... ii Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................... iii Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................... vii Daftar Gambar............................................................................................................ ix Daftar lampiran ..........................................................................................................x Bab I. Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan........................................................................................ 3 1.4 Lokasi ........................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Gambar Rencana ....................................................................................... .4
Bab II. Tinjauan Pustaka 2.1 Umum..........................................................................................................5 2.2 Analisa Kapasitas Jalan...............................................................................5 2.2.1 Menentukan Kelas Jalan .................................................................5 2.2.2 Kecepatan Rencana .........................................................................6 2.2.3 Jarak Pandangan..............................................................................7 2.2.3.1. Jarak Pandangan Henti .......................................................7 2.2.3.2. Jarak Pandangan Menyiap..................................................9 2.2.4 Penampang Melintang....................................................................10 2.2.4.1. Lebar Lajur........................................................................10 2.2.4.2. Lebar Bahu Jalan...............................................................11 2.3 Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan ....................................................................12 2.3.1 Alinyemen Horisontal ....................................................................13 2.3.1.1. Jari - Jari Minimum ...........................................................13 2.3.1.2 Lengkung Peralihan ...........................................................15
2.3.1.3. Landai Relatif....................................................................20 2.3.1.4. Bentuk Lengkung Horisontal ............................................21 2.3.1.5. Pelebaran Perkerasan di Tikungan ....................................24 2.3.1.6. Kesetimbangan Waktu Menikung.....................................24 2.3.2 Alinyemen Vertikal ........................................................................25 2.3.2.1. Landai Jalan ......................................................................25 2.3.2.2. Bentuk Lengkung Vertikal ................................................27 2.4 Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Jalan..........................................................34 2.4.1 Umur Rencana................................................................................35 2.4.2 Data Lalu-Lintas.............................................................................35 2.4.3 Angka Ekivalen ..............................................................................37 2.4.4 Jumlah Jalur dan Koefisien Distribusi Kendaraan ( C ).................40 2.4.5 Faktor Regional ..............................................................................42 2.4.6 Lintas Ekivalen...............................................................................43 2.4.7 Daya Dukung Tanah Dasar ............................................................44 2.4.8 Indeks Permukaan ..........................................................................44 2.4.9 Koefisien Kekuatan Relatif ............................................................47 2.4.10 Penentuan Tebal Perkerasan Jalan .................................................50 2.5 Jenis Perkerasan Kaku ..............................................................................51 2.5.1 Perkerasan Beton Semen................................................................51 2.5.2 Perkerasan kaku dengan permukaan aspal .....................................52 2.6 Faktor untuk menentukan tebal perkerasan ..............................................52 2.6.1 Kekuatan Lapis Tanah dasar ..........................................................52 2.6.2 Kekuatan beton...............................................................................54 2.6.2.1. Material Berbutir lepas......................................................54 2.6.2.2. Material Terikat.................................................................54 2..6.2.3. Aspal ................................................................................54 2.6.2.4. Beton Semen .....................................................................55 2.6.3 Lalu lintas Rencana ........................................................................57 2.7 Tata cara perhitungan lalu lintas ................................................................63 2.8 Tata cara perhitungan tebal perkerasan......................................................64
2.8.1. Tahapan Perencanaan........................................................................65 2.9 Rencana Anggaran Biaya ..........................................................................82 2.9.1 Umum.............................................................................................82 2.9.2 Volume Pekerjaan ..........................................................................83 2.9.3 Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan ....................................................83
Bab III. Metodologi 3.1 Umum ........................................................................................................85 3.2 Pekerjaan Persiapan ..................................................................................85 3.3 Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................................85 3.4 Pengumpulan dan Pengolahan Data...........................................................86 3.5 Perencanaan ..............................................................................................87 3.6 Bagan Alir Metodologi ..............................................................................88 Bab IV. Analisa Data dan Perencanaan 4.1 Umum.........................................................................................................89 4.2 Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan ....................................................................89 4.2.1 Data Spesifikasi Jalan ....................................................................91 4.2.1.1 Analisa Alinemen Horizontal PI...........................................91 4.2.1.2 Perencanaan Geometrik jalan PI...........................................95 4.2.1.3 Analisa Alinemen Horizontal PI 2........................................97 4.2.1.4 Perencanaan Geometrik jalan PI 2.......................................101 4.2.2 Analisa alinyemen Vertikal...........................................................103 4.2.2.1 Analisa Alinemen Vertikal VI .............................................103 4.2.2.2 Analisa Alinemen Vertikal V 2 ...........................................105
4.3 Perhhutungan Tebal Perkerasan Jalan Lentur ...........................................107 4.3.1 Data Perencanaan ..........................................................................107 4-11 4.3.2 Perencanaan tebal perkerasan ......................................................107 4.4 Rencana Anggaran Biaya Perkerasan Lentur............................................116 4.5 Perhitungan Perkerasan Kaku ...................................................................119 4.5.1 Data Perencanaan ..........................................................................119 4-11
4.5.2 Trafic Load Analysis ....................................................................120 4.5.3 Sub Base Thickness Design ..........................................................123 4.5.4 Efective CBR ................................................................................124 4.5.5 Slab Thickness design ...................................................................125 4.5.6 Determine TE, FE, &FRT .............................................................126 4.5.7 Fatigue & erosion Analysis...........................................................128 4.5.8 Rigid Pavement Design.................................................................129 4.6 Rencana Anggaran Biaya Perkerasan KAku ............................................132
Bab V. Kesimpulan dan Saran 5.1 Kesimpulan dan Saran .............................................................................134 Daftar Pustaka ..................................................................................................... 135 Lampiran Peta Topografi ....................................................................................................L1 CBR lapangan.....................................................................................................L2
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1.Kecepatan minimum .................................................................................... 7 Tabel.2.2 Jarak Pandang henti minimum...................................................................... 8 Tabel 2.3. Jarak Pandang Menyiap ................................................................................9 Tabel 2.4. Lebar Jalur ...................................................................................................10 Tabel.2.5. Lebar bahu jalan ..........................................................................................11 Tabel 2.6. Pembagian tipe Alinemen ............................................................................12 Tabel.2.7. Panjang jari-jari minimum ...........................................................................14 Tabel.2.8. Rmin yang tidak perlu peralihan..................................................................15 Tabel.2.9.Landai Relatif ...............................................................................................17 Tabel.2.10.Jari-jari faktor gesekan melintang dan superelevasi ...................................19 Tabel.2.11.Tabel Superelevasi ......................................................................................19 Tabel.2.12.Kelandaian maksimal yang diijinkan..........................................................26 Tabel.2.13.Koefisien SMP............................................................................................36 Tabel.2.14.Penentuan kelas dan fungsi jalan ................................................................37 Tabel.2.15.Angka ekivalen beban sumbu kendaraan....................................................39 Tabel.2.16.Distribusi beban sumbu ..............................................................................40 Tabel.2.17.Koefisien distribusi kendaraan....................................................................41 Tabel.2.18.Faktor regional ............................................................................................42 Tabel.2.19.Indeks permukaan akhir rencana ................................................................45 Tabel.2.20.Indeks permukaan awal umur rencana........................................................46 Tabel.2.21.Koefisien kekuatan relatif ...........................................................................47 Tabel.2.22.Tebal minimum lapisan perkerasan ............................................................49 Tabel.2.23.Tebal minimum lapis pondasi.....................................................................49 Tabel.2.24.Tipikal nilai kekakuan lapis pondasi ..........................................................61 Tabel.2.25.faktor keamanan..........................................................................................64 Tabel.2.26.Perbandingan tegangan dan jumlah pengulangan beban ijin......................66 Tabel.2.27.Ukuran dan jarak dowel ..............................................................................76 Tabel.2.28.jarak sambungan dari tepi terdekat .............................................................79 Tabel.2.29.Sambungan pelaksanaan memanjang dengan lidah alur dan tie bar...........79
Tabel.4.1.Data lalu lintas harian ..................................................................................107 Tabel.4.2.LHR awal dan Akhir....................................................................................108 Tabel.4.3.Jenis kendaraan dan konfigurasi sumbu ......................................................109 Tabel.4.4.Tabel perhitungan LEP ................................................................................110 Tabel.4.5.Tabel perhitungan LEA ...............................................................................111 Tabel.4.6.Tabel rencana anggaran biaya......................................................................118 Tabel.4.7.Perhitungan jumlah beban sumbu................................................................120 Tabel.4.8.Distribusi kendaraan ....................................................................................122 Tebal.4.9.Perhitungan sumbu rencana .........................................................................122 Tabel.4.10.determine TE,FR dan FRT.........................................................................126 Tabel.4.11.Perhitungan kerusakan fatik dan erosi .......................................................130 Tabel.4.12.Rencana anggaran biaya ............................................................................133
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1.Peta Jawa Timur.........................................................................................3 Gambar.1.2.Peta rencana ...............................................................................................4 Gambar.2.3.ilustrasi lengkung peralihan ......................................................................18 Gambar.2.5.Bentuk lengkung S-C-S ............................................................................22 Gambar.2.6.lengkung vertikal.......................................................................................27 Gambar.2.7.Grafik panjang lengkung vertikal cekung berdasarkan jarak pandang henti
29
Gambar.2.8.grafik panjang lengkung vertikal cembung...............................................31 Gambar.2.9.Grafik panjang lengkung vertikal cembung berdasarkan jarak pandang menyiap 1 .............................................................................................................................33 Gambar.2.11.Grafik korelasi CBR dan DDT................................................................44 Gambar.2.12.Nomogram1 ............................................................................................51 Gambar.2.13.Jenis dan tipe kendaraan untuk rancangan ..............................................59 Gambar.2.14.Pondasi bawah minimum yang diperlukan .............................................61 Gambar.2.15.Tata letak sambungan pada perkerasan kaku ..........................................73 Gambar.2.16.Sambungan pelaksanaan .........................................................................76 Gambar.2.17.sambungan susust melintang dengan dowel ...........................................77 Gambar.2.18.Sambungan muai dengan dowel .............................................................78 Gambar.2.19.Jarak pengikat tie bar ..............................................................................79 Gambar.3.1.Bagan alir metodologi pekerjaan ..............................................................88 Gambar.4.1.alinemen horizontal PI 1 ...........................................................................91 Gambar.4.2.Perencanaan geometri jalan PI 1 ...............................................................95 Gambar.4.3.Alinemen horizontal PI 2 ..........................................................................97 Gambar.4.4.Perencanaan geometri jalan PI 2 ..............................................................101 Gambar 4.6.grafik penentuan nilai ITP........................................................................113 Gambar.4.7.Lapisan perkerasan lentur ........................................................................115 Gambar.4.8.grafik sub base thickness design ..............................................................123 Gambar.49.Grafik efective CBR..................................................................................124 Gambar.4.10.Grafik perhitungan fatigue analysis .......................................................128 Gambar.4.11.Grafikperhitungan erosion analysis .......................................................129 Gambar.4.12.Lapisan perkerasan kaku ........................................................................131
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Peta Topografi.............................................................................................................. L1 Hasil Pemeriksaan CBR lapangan
L2
4
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alamsyah, Alik A. (2006) Rekayasa Jalan Raya.Malang : Penerbitan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Bidang Kebinamargaan. Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan Engineers Estimate. 2012. Surabaya : Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Departemen Pekerjaan Pekerjaan Umum. 1990. Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota. Jakata : Yayasan Badan Penerbit PU Departemen Pekerjaan Umum. 1987. Petunjuk Perencanaan Tebal perkerasan Lentur Jalan Raya dengan Metode Analisa Komponen. Jakarta : Yayasan Badan Penerbit PU (1987) 10-11. Hendarsin, Shirley L. (2000). Penuntun Praktis.Perencanaan Teknik Jalan Raya. Bandung : Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Sukirman, Silvia.(1999). Dasar-dasar Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan. Bandung: NOVA
