PERCEPATAN PEMATANGAN KOMPOS DENGAN BANTUAN AIR LINDI SAMPAH
ASEP YANUAR ARIFIN A24101052
PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH S-1 DEPARTEMEN ILMU TANAH DAN SUMBERDAYA LAHAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 2006
SUMMARY ASEP YANUAR ARIFW. Acceleration of Compost Maturation by Garbage Leachate. Under Supervision of BUD1 MULYANTO and DYAH TJAHYANDARI. Relocation of garbage by open dumping (open relocation above land) at TPA (final place of relocation) through process of time, the degradation can form a dilution called leachate. Comoosition of leachate influenced bv some factors like garbage type, amount of rainfalls in TPA area and condition of garbage relocation place. Generally, leachate contain a high organic compound such as hydrocarbon, humic acid, hivat, tanat and galat &d inorganic compound such &, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chlor, sulphate, nitrogen and some heavy metal compounds. In that matter, the content of leachate have potency to be exploited as an addition elements (starter) in composting process. Mostly, the composting method at TPA was heaping the garbage in one place, without adding materials to accelerate the decomposition process. The aim of conducting this research was to learn about leachate recirculation as additional material in composting process and expected to accelerate the decomposition. Other aim was to studied the characteristic formed leachate and compared it composting by using anothers material as acceleration which is lime and goat dirt. This research is started by taking the sample of leachate from precipitation basin (outlet) and organic garbage in TPA Galuga, Cibungbulang district, regency of Bogor. The Research was conducted by dripping leachate into an + 800 g of organic garbage for each treatment.,with leachate dripping for 6 hours (L6), 12 hours (L12) and 24 hours (L24). Intensity of each dripping was + 0.42 mllrninute which measured with burette 0.02 ml fiom dripping leachate appliances. Another treatment was adding other materials such lime and goat dirt into + 800 g organic garbage. The treatment was giving 200 g of lime (SK), 200 g of goat dirt (SBo) and combining of lime and goat dirt 100 g each (SBoK). The Materials is mixed completely with the garbage. Chemical parameters which analyzed as the result of compost were total-N, C-organic, CM ratio, total-P, Cu, Zn, Pb, wet weights, dry weight and water rate. Leachate which analyzed were the parameter of pH, Electrical Conductivity, alkaline (K, Na, Ca) and also metals (Cu, Zn, Pb).The physical parameters that measured as the result of compost were color, texture, smell, size and water content. After 15 day of treatment with leachate drops and 24 days mixturing with lime, goat dirt and control. The process obtained compost with specific characteristics which are black in color, soft texture, stincky smell, small sizes and content a high amount of water. The compost with leachate dripping, have a lower wet weight and higher water rate in comparison with the addition of goat dirt and lime. Its because of the treatment of continual leachate drips was needed by microbe to change organic materials, so it effected in lowering the wet weight yield and increase water rate. In general the dripping of leachate in cornposting process have a lower C N ratio and also increase the content of C-organic, total-N, total-P and metals (Cu, Zn, Pb). The treatment of lime addition in process of composting increases
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the C/N ratio and amount of Pb. While the content of C-organic, total-N, total-P and Zn were low. The increasing of C/N ratio was caused by a lower content of COrganic and total-N. The high content of Pb was causing by lime treatment, so it increase number of pH and there also existence of precipitation of hydroxide, carbonate or phosphate. The adding of goat dirt increases the content C/N ratio, total-P, Zn, Pb and Cu. While the content C-Organic and total-N was decreased. It happened because of a further decomposition process of organic materials. The adding of mixture goat dirt and lime increases the C/N ratio, Zn, Pb and Cu and the content of total-N, C-Organic and total-P were decreased. The Increasing of C/N ratio was caused by a low content of total-N and C-organic. The Content of Zn, Pb and Cu increase as the effect fiom some micro elements in goat dirt. Leachate water after a period of treatment in general caused an increasing of pH value, K,Na. This also caused a decreasing of Electrical Conductivity, Ca and also metals elements. These increase were caused by some alkalinity elements as a result of decomposition product which leached, this increasing value of pH. The previous analysis indicate that the pH value of leached water pre-treatment also high. The decreasing of Electrical Conductivity was caused by the existence of salts elements in leachate water which tied by organic materials. It will decreased its amount, whiie the Ca elements was decreasing because it absorbed by organic materials. The fewer amounts of metal elements also caused by its fewer amounts before the treatment. The addition leachate has accelerated the garbage decomposition process irt in 24 in 15 days of treatment, compared with the addition of time and goat d days of treatment, which resulting an increase of C-organic, total-N, total-P, metal elements (Cy Zn, Pb). Result of Compost fiom treatment can use for soil and plants. The leachate which produce after treatment still have a high amount of a pH value, Electrical Conductivity and alkalinity (K, Na, Ca), so its need a further management before added into organic garbage in composting process. The result of research indicate that leachate water can use as an addition to accelerate the decomposition in composting process.
RINGKASAN ASEP YANUAR ARIFIN. Percepatan Pematangan Kompos dengan Bantuan Air Lindi Sampah. Dibimhing oleh BUD1 MULYANTO dan DYAH TJAHYANDARI. Pembuangan sampah yang dilakukan secara open dumping (pembuangan secara terbuka di atas tanah) pada TPA (tempat pembuangan akhii) dengan berjalannya waktu melalui proses degradasi sampah dapat menghasilkan suatu cairan yang disebut air lindi (leachate). Komposisi air lindi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti jenis sampah, jumlah curah hujan di daerah TPA dan kondisi tempat pembuangan sampah. Air lindi umumnya mengandung senyawa organik (hidrokarbon, asam humat, hlfat, tanat dan galat) dan anorganik (natrium, kalsium, kalium, magnesium, klor, sulfat, nitrogen dan beberapa senyawa logam berat) yang tinggi. Kandungan air liidi tersebut berpotensi untuk dianfaatkan salah satunya sebagai bahan tambahan unsur hara (starler) pada proses pengomposan. Pengomposan yang umum dilakukan pada TPA hanya dengan metode penumpukan lalu dibiarkan tanpa adanya bahan-bahan tambahan untuk mempercepat dekomposisi. Percobaan untuk meresirkulasikan air lindi sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pengomposan, diharapkan dapat mempercepat dekomposisi sampah yang mempakan salah satu tujuan penelitian ini. Disamping mempelajari karakteristik air lindi yang terbentuk, juga membandingkan pengomposan jika menggunakan bahan tambahan lain seperti kapur dan kotoran kambing. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengambil contoh air lindi dari bak pengendapan (outlet) dan sampah organik di TPA Galuga, Kecamatan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor. Percobaan untuk pengomposan menggunakan air lindi dilakukan dengan meneteskan air lindi pada sampah organik yang telah i npenetesan selama ditimbang 800 g untuk masing-masing perlakuan, antara k 6 jam (L6), 12 jam (L12) dan 24 jam (L24). Intensitas pemberian 0.42 h e n i t yang diukur menggunakan Buret 0.02 ml dari alat penetes air lindi. Percobaan pengomposan dengan bahan tambahan lam seperti kapur dan kotoran kambing dilakukan juga dengan menimbang sampah organik 800 g untuk masing-masing perlakuan, antara lain pemberian kapur & 200 g (SK), kotoran kambiig 200 g (SBo) dan campuran keduanya masing-masing 100 g (SBoK). Bahan tersebut dicampur dengan sampah secara merata. Parameter kirnia yang dianalisis untuk hasil kompos antara lain N-total C-organik, nisbah C/N, P-total, Cu, Zn, Pb, berat basah, berat kering clan kadar air. Hasil air lindi dianalisis kandungan pH, DHL, basa-basa (K, Na, Ca) serta logam-logam (Cu, Zn, Pb). Beberapa parameter fisik yang diamati untuk hasil kompos antara lain warna, tekstur, bau, ukuran dan kandungan air. Setelah 15 hari perlakuan untuk penetesan air limdi dan 24 hari untuk pemberian kapur, kotoran kambing serta kontrol, diperoleh kompos yang secara umum memiliki ciri-ciri berwarna hitam, tekstur lembut, bau menyengat, ukuran sangat kecil dan kandungan air tinggi.
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