PENGARUH JENIS ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH DAN UKURAN BAHAN STEK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK TANAMAN NAGA
SKRIPSI
Oleh: RISNINTA FAURURI NIM. 031510101082
JURUSAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2008
RINGKASAN
Pengaruh Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dan Ukuran Bahan Stek terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tanaman Naga. Risninta Faururi, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember
Penyediaan bibit tanaman naga mutlak diperlukan seiring dengan peningkatan permintaan buah naga setiap tahun yang semakin tinggi. Stek sebagai bahan tanam yang selama ini digunakan dianggap kurang efisien untuk pengembangan budidaya dalam skala luas dengan bahan tanam terbatas. Stek pendek dikembangkan sebagai solusi, namun kendalanya adalah pertumbuhan stek terhambat. Zat pengatur tumbuh alami dimanfaatan untuk memacu pertumbuhan stek. Urin sapi, urin manusia, dan air kelapa menjadi hormon alternatif untuk memacu pertumbuhan dengan semakin meningkatnya harga hormon tumbuh di pasaran. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis zat pengatur tumbuh dan ukuran bahan stek serta interaksi terhadap pertumbuhan stek tanaman naga. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang disusun mengikuti rancangan faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 faktor yaitu jenis zat pengatur tumbuh (K: kontrol, R : Rootone F, S : urin sapi, M : urin manusia, A : Air kelapa) dan ukuran bahan stek (P1: panjang stek 5 cm, P2: panjang stek 15 cm, P3: panjang stek 25 cm) dengan 3 ulangan. Untuk membedakan perlakuan dilakukan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan Duncan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap keberhasilan stek, umur stek bertunas, berat basah tunas, berat kering tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah tunas, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, panjang akar, jumlah akar, kadar air akar, dan kadar air tunas. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ukuran bahan stek 25 cm pertumbuhannya lebih baik, sedangkan stek yang lebih pendek pertumbuhannya terhambat. Namun aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh menunjukkan stek tanaman naga tidak membutuhkan hormon eksogen untuk menunjang pertumbuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, stek ukuran 15 cm direkomendasikan sebagai ukuran bahan tanam untuk usaha budidaya dalam skala luas dengan bahan tanam yang terbatas.
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SUMMARY Effects of Natural Plant Growth Regulator Types and Size of Cutting Material on Growth of Dragon Plant Cutting. Risninta Faururi, 031510101082; 2008; 39 pages. Department of Agriculture Plantation Faculty of Agriculture University of Jember Supply of dragon plant seedling is absolutely necessary in dealing with the increasing of demand of dragon fruit annually. Cutting sizes as cultivation materials used is ineffective for cultivation development, especially in wide scale cultivation and the material of plant cuttings were limited. The short cutting is one of alternative solution, however, the growth rate is very slow. Natural plant growth regulator is used to promote development of cuttings. Cow and human urine, coconut water is an alternative to improve development of short cutting as instead of the high price of artificial hormone on markets. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of hormone types and size of material cutting as well as its interactions on growth of dragon cutting. Randomized Completed Block and Factorial Design were used for this experiment. The experiment consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was natural plant growth regulator types consisted of five levels, i.e. K: control, R: Rootone F, S: cow urine, M: human urine and A: coconut water. The second factor was cutting lengths i.e. P1: 5 cm, P2: 15 cm, P3: 25 cm. To comparing the method is done by analysis of variance and continued by Duncan test with 95% level. The experiment was conducted to the successfully of cutting achievement, old of budding, fresh dry weight of but, lenght of bud, amount of bud, fresh and dry weight of root, lenght of root, amount of root, content of water on root, dan content of water on bud. Generally, result of experiment shown that treatment with cutting size 25 cm prefer on growth; contrary, in the shorter of material cuttings are has limited on growth. But the application of growth material regulator to dragon plant cutting without exogen hormone required to raising the growth. Based on the result, cutting size 15 cm was recommended as proper size to cultivation, widely with limited material plant.
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i HALAMAN PEMBIMBING ............................................................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... v PRAKATA............................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................ xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................ 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................... 3
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................... 4 2.1 Tinjauan Umum Tanaman Naga................................................... 4 2.2 Perbanyakan Tanaman Naga dengan Stek .................................. 6 2.3 Zat Pengatur Tumbuh .................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Urin Sapi .................................................................................. 8 2.3.2 Urin Manusia ........................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Air Kelapa ................................................................................ 11 2.3.4 Rootone F................................................................................. 12 2.4 Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 13
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BAB 3. METODE PENELITIAN....................................................................... 14 3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian....................................................... 14 3.2 Bahan dan Alat................................................................................ 14 3.3 Metode Percobaan .......................................................................... 14 3.4 Pelaksanaan Penelitian ................................................................... 15 3.5 Parameter Pengamatan .................................................................. 17
BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN............................................................... 18 4.1 Kondisi Umum Penelitian .............................................................. 18 4.2 Hasil Penelitian................................................................................ 18 4.3 Pembahasan..................................................................................... 21 4.3.1 Pengaruh Ukuran Bahan Stek terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tanaman........................................................................... 21 4.3.2 Pengaruh Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tanaman........................................................................... 32 4.3.3 Interaksi Ukuran Bahan Stek dan Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tanaman...................................... 34
BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN............................................................... 35 5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 35 5.2 Saran ................................................................................................ 35
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................... 36 LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................... 40
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