„Rozvoj vzdělávání žáků karvinských základních škol v oblasti cizích jazyků“ Registrační číslo projektu: CZ.1.07/1.1.07/02.0162 Určeno pro
9. ročník
Sekce
Nemocní
Předmět
Anglický jazyk Kombinace předpřítomného času a minulých časů Ing. Miroslav Mitašik
Téma / kapitola Zpracoval (tým 1)
1. PAST SIMPLE TENSE – MINULÝ ČAS PROSTÝ A/ Tvorba času: Sloveso „BÝT“ Oznamovací věta: I was… You were… He was… She was… It was… We were… You were… They were…
Záporná věta: I wasn´t… You weren´t… He wasn´t… She wasn´t… It wasn´t… We weren´t… You weren´t… They weren´t…
Otázka: Was I … ? Were you …? Was he …? Was she …? Was it …? Were we …? Were you …? Were they …?
Ostatní slovesa dělíme na pravidelná a nepravidelná. K pravidelným slovesům přidáváme koncovku –ED (např. ze slovesa play vytvoříme played). U nepravidelných musíme sloveso zaměnit za minulý tvar z tabulky nepravidelných sloves (např. místo swim použijeme swam). Nepravidelná slovesa je nezbytně nutné naučit se zpaměti!!! Oznamovací věta: I You He played. She (pravidelné) It swam. We (nepravidelné) You They
Záporná věta: I You didn´t He play. She It didn´t We swim. You They
Otázka:
Did
I you he play she ? it swim we you they
B/ Použití času: 1. Minulý čas prostý vyjadřuje děje a stavy, které proběhly v určité době v minulosti a nyní jsou ukončeny. 2. Často se v něm používají výrazy jako yesterday, ago, on (+ day), in (+ month/year), a at (+ clock time). I came home at four o´clock. (Přišel jsem domů ve čtyři hodiny.) My dad saw the film two days ago. (Můj otec viděl ten film před dvěma dny.)
2
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE – MINULÝ ČAS PRŮBĚHOVÝ A/ Tvorba času: Oznamovací věta: I was playing. You were playing. He was playing. She was playing. It was playing. We were playing. You were playing. They were playing.
Záporná věta: I wasn’t playing. You weren’t playing. He wasn’t playing. She wasn’t playing. It wasn’t playing. We weren’t playing. You weren’t playing. They weren’t playing.
Otázka: Was I playing? Were you playing? Was he playing? Was she playing? Was it playing? Were we playing? Were you playing? Were they playing?
Tento čas tvoříme ze slovesa BÝT v minulém čase a dalšího SLOVESA + koncovka ING.
B/ Použití času: 1. Když v určitém okamžiku v minulosti byl někdo uprostřed nějaké činnosti nebo situace. Ta činnost tehdy nebyla ukončená. PROBÍHALA!!! Yesterday at 3 o’clock I was playing tennis. (Včera ve tři hodiny jsem hrál tenis.) What were you doing at 2 o’clock? Were you playing tennis? (Co jsi dělal ve dvě hodiny? Hrál jsi tenis?) Může dojít k tomu, že určitá činnost se stala během jiné činnosti. V tomto případě bude činnost, která začala jako první, vyjádřená minulým časem průběhovým, ta druhá minulým časem prostým. You came on the court when I was playing. (Přišel jsi na kurt, když jsem hrál.) I was watching TV when the telephone rang. (Telefon zazvonil, když jsem sledoval televizi.) 2. Můžeme použít tento čas k vyjádření pozadí nějakého příběhu. He walked out of the bank with the gun. Police were standing surrounding the bank. A large crowd was watching events from the "Police" barricades. A helicopter was flying overhead. He raised his gun to fire at the police and…he woke up. It was 7am and time for work. (On vyšel z banky se zbraní v ruce. Policie stála všude okolo banky. Dav lidí sledoval události z policejních barikád. Helikoptéra kroužila nad hlavami.
3
Pozvedl zbraň k výstřelu na policisty a… probudil se. Bylo sedm hodin a čas jít do práce.)
3. PRESENT PERFECT – PŘEDPŘÍTOMNÝ ČAS A/ Tvorba času: Oznamovací věta: I have You have He has She has played. It has seen. We have You have They have
Záporná věta: I haven’t You haven’t He hasn’t She hasn’t played. It hasn’t seen. We haven’t You haven’t They haven’t
Otázka: Have I Have you Has he Has she played? Has it seen? Have we Have you Have they
Tento čas tvoříme přítomným časem pomocného slovesa HAVE a významovým slovesem ve 3. tvaru u nepravidelných sloves (nebo s koncovkou –ED u pravidelných sloves).
B/ Použití času: 1. Když mluvíme o ději, který se odehrál v minulosti, ale jeho výsledek trvá do současnosti: Peter has broken his leg, so he can’t play football. (nohu má stále zlomenou, výsledkem je nemožnost hrát) 2. Když mluvíme o našich dosavadních zkušenostech a zážitcích: Sarah has been to the USA. 3. Když mluvíme o nedávné minulosti: Look! I have bought some new shoes! (Podívej se, koupil jsem si nové boty!) 4. Předpřítomný čas s předložkou FOR vyjadřuje, jak dlouho již určitý děj, který začal v minulosti, probíhá. Předpřítomný čas s předložkou SINCE vyjadřuje, odkdy určitý děj, který ještě neskončil, probíhá. James has been a doctor for five years. (Je lékařem 5 let) They have lived in New York since 2008. (Bydlí tam od roku 2008)
4
CVIČENÍ 1 Doplň sloveso v závorce v čase minulém prostém nebo předpřítomném. 1. How many times ………….. to the cinema this month? (you/be) 2. How many times …………… to the cinema last month? (she/go) 3. I ……………. my first school. (like) 4. ………… to Russia? (you/ever/be) 5. ……………. to Moscow when you were in Russia? (you/go) 6. My life has been very sad because I ………………. in love. (never/ be) 7. ………………… football when you were younger? (you/play) 8. But I ……………. him yesterday. (see) 9. I …………….. John today. (not see) 10. ……………… his homework yet? (he/do)
CVIČENÍ 2 Jsou následující věty vytvořené ve správném čase? Zkus nesprávné opravit. 1. I have never been to England. 2. When you went to Rome last week, have you seen the Vatican? 3. I read something very interesting in the newspaper last week. 4. It is raining for two hours. 5. Have you seen the doctor yet? 6. I am studying English for 20 minutes. 7. Did you ever been to Paris? 8. He has been a teacher for ten years. 9. I am knowing him since 1995. 10. Have you ever been to London?
CVIČENÍ 3 V následujícím dopise doplň slovesa v závorce v čase předpřítomném nebo minulém prostém. Dear Jenny, I´m sorry I …………………. (not write) for a long time. I …………….. (get) your last letter in July. A lot of things …………….. (happen) since then. In August we ……………… (go) on holiday to Spain. It was great! I ……………. (never have) such a good time. I ………………. (even learn) a few words of Spanish.
5
Only two bad things ……………….. (happen) there. I …………… (lose) my new camera, and my sister ……………….. (fall) off our hotel balcony and ……………… (land) in a palm tree. She almost ……………….. (destroy) the poor tree. I ……………… (send) you a postcard from Granada. ……………. (you get) it? In September I …………… (start) at my new school. I ……………… (already make) a lot of new friends. One more bit of news: I ……………….. (paint) my room – bright orange! Mum and dad aren´t too happy, but my friends think it´s great. Please write soon. Much love, Sue
CVIČENÍ 4 Vyber správný tvar slovesa – bude ve větě předpřítomný nebo některý z minulých časů? 1. I………Frances since last week. a/ didn’t see b/ wasn’t seeing c/ haven’t seen 2. I……..my homework when you called. a/ did b/ was doing c/ have done 3. I……..here since last summer. a/ have lived b/ was living c/ lived 4. When I was younger I………. to become a pilot. a/ have wanted b/ wanted c/ was wanting 5. We……….in the park when we saw your dog. a/ walked b/ have walked c/ were walking 6. So far this week I…….. three books. a/ was reading b/ have read c/ read 7. Last night I…………… two cups. a/ broke b/ have broken c/ was breaking 8. In 1999 she……… a piano lesson. a/ started b/ has started c/ was starting 9. The car turned left and………. away. a/ has driven b/ drove c/ was driving 10. She ……….. my letter yet. a/ didn’t receive b/ wasn’t receiving c/ hasn´t received
6
CVIČENÍ 5 Bude ve větě předpřítomný nebo některý z minulých časů? Doplň sloveso ve správném tvaru. 1. There’s my bag! I …………….. (lose) it yesterday. 2. What film…………… she …………… (watch) at 6 o’clock? 3. I…………….. (have) 5 jobs since I left university. 4. Mum …………….. (vacuum) when the fire started. 5. My parents……………. (not be) ill for 10 years! 6. …………..you………… (buy) the bread? 7. I ……… never ……. (cook) a roast turkey. 8. While Dad was washing up, he ………………. (break) the new glass.
CVIČENÍ 6 Doplň do článku sloveso ve správném tvaru – opět vyber mezi 3 časy. We ………………. (live) in our new house since June. We ………………. (be) very busy since we…………………….(move) in. Everybody ………………. (help) to get the house ready in May. So far we …………………….. (paint) the living room and the kitchen. When we ……………………… (paint) the kitchen, the central heating………………….. (break) down. So we ……………… (have) to spend a lot of money to repair it. We like gardening very much, but we ……………………… (not have) time to do anything in the garden yet. And it …………………. (rain) a lot since Monday morning. We will have to wait. Bad luck!
4. VÝSLEDKY: CVIČENÍ 1 1. How many times have you been to the cinema this month? 2. How many times did she go to the cinema last month? 3. I liked my first school. (like) 4. Have you ever been to Russia? 5. Did you go to Moscow when you were in Russia? 6. My life has been very sad because I have never been in love. 7. Did you play football when you were younger? 8. But I saw him yesterday. 9. I haven´t seen John today. 10.Has he done his homework yet?
7
CVIČENÍ 2 1. správně 2. When you went to Rome last week, did you see the Vatican? 3. správně 4. It has rained for two hours. 5. správně 6. I have studied English for 20 minutes. 7. Have you ever been to Paris? 8. správně 9. I have known him since 1995. 10. správně
CVIČENÍ 3 Dear Jenny, I´m sorry I haven´t written for a long time. I got your last letter in July. A lot of things have happened since then. In August we went on holiday to Spain. It was great! I have never had such a good time. I have even learnt a few words of Spanish. Only two bad things happened there. I lost my new camera, and my sister fell off our hotel balcony and landed in a palm tree. She almost destroyed the poor tree. I sent you a postcard from Granada. Have you got it? In September I started at my new school. I have already made a lot of new friends. One more bit of news: I have painted my room – bright orange! Mum and dad aren´t too happy, but my friends think it´s great. Please write soon. Much love, Sue
CVIČENÍ 4 1. haven’t seen 2. was doing 3. have lived 4. wanted 5. were walking 6. have read 7. broke 8. started
8
9. drove 10. hasn´t received
CVIČENÍ 5 1. There’s my bag! I lost it yesterday. 2. What film was she watching at 6 o’clock? 3. I have had 5 jobs since I left university. 4. Mum was vacuuming when the fire started. 5. My parents haven´t been ill for 10 years! 6. Have you bought the bread? 7. I have never cooked a roast turkey. 8. While Dad was washing up, he broke the new glass.
CVIČENÍ 6 We have lived in our new house since June. We have been very busy since we moved in. Everybody helped to get the house ready in May. So far we have painted the living room and the kitchen. When we were painting the kitchen, the central heating broke down. So we had to spend a lot of money to repair it. We like gardening very much, but we haven´t had time to do anything in the garden yet. And it has rained a lot since Monday morning. We will have to wait. Bad luck!
9
