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IK,d-0/=6;f&5AF=IK,Jb 4eIE-0] -?]P/ 60/%5AOP/=6Gg FG*H,P:;-?5(,d-?C 9 v *HCKCE:z-0]P/ 60/=5(OP/G6 f*H6@-0]P/- 5AbH: OP/2-?/GFG-?/GO 5A,PO :;-060/=5(<@:z-?]P/ BDCK/=F2-?6;*H,PIKF y 60*$OPQPFG-})+*^OJ/=: @&B y ) E@*Af -?]P/N- 5(bH:zOP/2-?/=F2-?/GO-0*-0]P/:;-060/=5(< C vP6;*^FG/=:0:;IK,Pb /G,PbHIE,P/(` F ]P/ :;-?*(60/=O .QP/G60IE/=:aIK,-?]P/n/G,PbHIE,P/}5(6;/ / 4A5(CEQq5A-0/=O / 4(/=6 9 -?IE<@/zOq5A-?5 IK:avJQP:0]P/GO -0* -0]P/ /=,Pb(IK,P/ 5(,JO -0]P/ 60/G:0QPC -?: *(f-?]P/ .QP/=6 9 5(: -?]J/=, vPQP:0]J/=O -0* -?]P/ R 6!& u :;-060/=5(< 5(,q5ACE9 =/G6=` 3c, R 6!& u - 5(b F%5A, / 5(:0:;*^FGI 5A-0/=O 4eIE-0] /=IE-0]P/=6
z< /=OPIEF%5(C":0QJvPvPCKIE/=:G` F ]P/ R 6!& u ;: -?6;/%5(< 5(,q5ACE9 =/G6 <@5 (/G:c-?]JIK: 5(:0:;*^FGI 5A-0IK*H, 5(,PO/G:;- 5 PCKIE:0]P$/G9 : -?]J/MvJ60/=:;/=,PFG/*H6e5 P:0/G,PF=/M*(f 5 -?(5 b IK,n-?]J/M*(vi/G6?5A-0IK,Pb 60*$*H< `
/ ! .t $ ) ti Y \#
` h$` 9J` R 6!& u 7$9$:;-0/=<
3 ,q5(CE9 GIK,Pb -?]P/zvP]d9$:0IK*(CK*HbHIEF%5(CDOP5A- 5 :;-?6;/%5(
F 5 PCE/Mh^`5(` )+*H<@C \j 9$v /=6 -?/=,J:0IK*(, g 9$vi*A-?/=,J:0IK*(, u I 5(: -?*HCEIKF JCK*$*^O}vP6;/=:;:0QP6;/ ( j>C (j 9$v /=6 -?/=,J:0IK*(, g 9$vi*A-?/=,J:0IK*(, R /=:;vPIK605A-?*H6 9 R 5A-?/ >C \ k J60/%5 -?]P: A<@IE, F 5(F ]d9$vP,P/%5^g R /=:;vPIK605A-?*H6 9n3 6060/G:; CK*$*^O F /=C # # e9$vi*%1^I 5
#
G
: + T o TPm & l}Y"T /({#% #
3 vq5A-0IK/G,.-0:XvP]d9$:0IK*(CK*Hb(9 F=*H,J:0IK: -?:M*(f :0/ 4H/=605(C vq5(6?5A<@/2-?/=6;:=` F 5 PCE/ h^` CKIE:;-?:X
Then Event (Hypovolemia - Excess Loss of fluids)
& , *H6;OP/=6 -0*XOP/G-0/=FG- / 4H/G,.-0: 4 /e,P/=/GOa-?* OP/G-0/=6;<@IE,P/+-?]J/ :0/G- *AfivP5(6?5(
W8 Y \ z V ' + >o V.o$(
^7 / 4H/G6?5(Cvq5(605(<@/2-?/G60: -?*HbH/2-?]P/G6@OJ/G-?/G60C %k P6;/%5A-0]P: A
If
then
Event Tachypnea
*4 / 4(/=6Gg I f -?]P/nvP5A-?IE/=,d- ]q5A:a5]PIK: -?*H6 9*(f5(:;-0]P<@5JgD]P/n*H68:0]P/}F=5(, ]q5 4H/ 5N,P*H60<@5(C 60/G:0vPIE6?5A-0*H6;9 605A-?/ *Af h(j>C h AP6;/%5A-0]P: A
\ k ) p V : Z p Y $# LN/GOPIKFGIK,P/G: F=5(,]q5 (4 / 5 ;: IKbH,JI qF=5(,d-[/ /GFG- *H,8-0]P/ Pv 5A-?IE/=,d-?:[vP]d9^:;IK*HCE*HbHIEF%5(CH*(QJ-?vPQ^-%` *\48C / 4(/=6Gg -?]P/n/ /GFG-*(f5N
Pv ]d9$:0IE*HCK*HbA9N4 / F%5(,P,J*(- OP/G-0/=6;<@IE,P/4e]P/2-?]P/G685n5 C <@5A-?IEF%5(CECE9H,` & , *HQP6e:;9$:;-0/=< gq4+/ :0IEbH,q5(C 5(,N/ 4H/G,.-f*H6
Administration of an anesthetic results in an abrupt drop in the blood pressure and the respiratory rate, while the heart rate remains stable.
Propofol takes effect in 40 seconds Thus if we
detect propofol followed by an drop of more than 25% in the blood
pressure and a drop in respiratory rate we can determine that an anesthetic has been administered.
#G$o =Y %$o TPp
0/@OJ/=:0IEbH,P/GO-?]J/@QP:;/=6MIK,d-?/G6;f&5(FG/af*H6X-?]P/z<@/GOPIKF=5(CD/=,JF=*HQP,d-0/=6M60/=FG*H60OIK, wH5 4(5^` F ]PIE: IK,d-0/=6;f&5AF=/zvP60*$$4 IKOP/G: 5 :0QP
qv 5(6 - *(f"-?]J/ :0FG60/=/G,NIE: QP:;/=O}-?*a:;]P*\4 -?]J/ <@/GOPIKFGIK,P/G: 5(,POn-0]P/X:0QJ60bHIEF%5(Ci:;- 5 5(: OJ/G-?/GFG-0/=O .9 -?]J/ R 6!& u :;9$: -?/=< ` 6q*H6 /=5(F ]@/ 4H/G,.- 4 /:05 4H/e-?]P/ 4$IE-?5(CJ:;IKbH,P:D*Afi-0]P/ vq5A-0IK/=,d- 5A-D-0]q5A- IE,P:;-?5(,d*(f -?IE<@/A` NXI54H/G, -?]P/ F=*(<@vPCE/G-0/L4$IKOP/G* *Af -0]P/ :0QP6;bH/=6 9Hg 4$IKOP/G* FGCKIEvP: f*H6 /=5(F ] *(f / 4H/=,d-0: 5(6;/ F=6;/%5A-0/=ON5(,PO -?]P/ FG*H606;/=:0v *H,POJIK,Pb 4$IKOP/G*zQJ60C{IK: : -?*H6;/=O IK,}-?]J/M
. o o U TPY[p T o TqU d\.o # H` { T &#=?) ti Y | d\ p Y '
,P/M*(f -0]P/8IE<@v *H6 - 5(,d-ev /=6;f*(60<@5(,PF=/ F ]q5A6?5(F2-?/=6;IK: -?IKFG:c*(f 5@
$
`Vh^` GP` 3 :0/G6 & ,.-0/=6 f&5(F=/
-0IK
24 -*)& 10 *'( - ) '5 )&
GY \o Z,+[p Y R 5(OPIE* 6q60/ .QP/G,PFG9 & OP/=,d-?IqF%5 -?IK*(, @ R 6!& u Ez: 9^: -?/G<@: 5(CECK*\4 5(QJ-0*H<@5A-?IEFNF=5(vJ-?QJ60IK,Jb *(f Oq5A-?58QP:;IK,PbMF=*(,.-?5(FG-+CK/G:0: 6?5(OPIE*Xf60/ .QP/G,PFG9@IKOJ/=,d-?IqF%5A-0IK*H, ` F ]P/G:0/ : 9^: -?/G<@:+5(60/< 5AIK,PC 9 QP:;/=O -?*}IEOP/=,d-0IEf9 5(,PO-?605(F * .;/=F2-%` & , -0]PIK:cF ]q5(vJ-0/=6 4 /a:0]q5(CEC :;/=/a]P*\4 R 6!& u F=5(,i/QP:0/GOIE, ]P/=5(CE-0]PF%5(6;/ 5(,PO IK, 5(F$QJIK60IE,PbaF=*(,.-0/21$- IK,Jf*H6;< 5 -?IK*(,nIK, 5 vi/G6 C *Hvi/G6?5A-0I54(/X/=,B4$IK60*(,P<@/G,d-%` 3 , R 6!& u :;9$:;-0/=<>]q5(: -0]P60/G/8<@5 .;*H6 FG*H
-0]P/=< d9 -?]P/- 5(b>C 60/=5(OP/G6 v *\4+/G60: vq5(:0:;I54(/ - 5AbH: QJv ` F ]P/<@/GF ]q5(,PIE:0< F=*HQJCKOz/=IE-0]P/=6 h(j/ IE,POPQPF2-?I54(/ F=*HQPvJCKIK,Jb@&,P/=5(6 q/GCKOE+*(6ef&5A6 C P/=CKO}/G,P/=6;b(9 ]q5(6 4H/G:;-?IE,PbP`J- /=5(6 Cq/=CEO /21$-?/G,POP: QPv -?*z5aOPIE:;- 5A,PF=/ @ hf E+
W T #%#= pHT Y V =| T #
R 6!& u - 5(b(: F%5(, / 5(FG-0I54(/(gPvq5A:0:0I 4H/X*H6+:0/=
5 OP*HCEC 5(6 5A,PO 5A60/MbH/=,P/G6?5(CECE9 QP:0/GONf*H6 -?605(F .IK,Pbz]PIEbH]C4A5(CEQP/XbH*$*^OJ:=gJ4eI -?] CK*H,Pb(/=6e60/=5(hO 605(,PbH/G:=`
%( r $#@ V =| W![ r #
F ]P/@<@IEF=6;*^F ]PIEvP: F=*H,d-?5(IK,P/GO 4eIE-0]PIK, R 6!& u -?5(bH:MF%5(, /zIKOP/G,.-0I q/GO 5(:860/=5(OC 4e6;IE-0/z*(6
60/=5(O *H,PCE9(` TqZ o \ =| W !s r # -/G4IE,Jf*H60<@5A-0IK*H,nF=5(, i/M5(OPOJ/=ON-0*a-?]P/G:0/MF ]PIKvP:GgV*H6e/21^IK: -?IK,JbzIE,Jf*H6;< 5A-0IK*H, *H, -0]P/=:;/ F ]PIEvP:zF%5(, i/ 4e60I -0-0/=, *4(/=6 4e]P/=, -?]P/ F ]PIEv IE: 4eI -?]PIE, 6?5(,Pb(/ *AfX5 60/%5AOP/=6G` F ]P/G:0/ F ]PIEvP:5(60/ bH/G,P/=605(CKC 9n
=| o + Y[p ( nTqY V^#
R 6!& u - 5(b(:e5(,PO 60/=5(OP/=6;:e*Hvi/G6?5A-0/X5A- 4A5(6;IK*HQP: f60/ .QP/G,PF=IE/=:Ggi5A,PO 5A- -?]J/X<@*H
-?]P5A- <@5 A/ I -[
`9J` H` R 6!& u 6V6;/ .QP/G,PFG9 R 5(,PbH/G:
G| Y* .o & r .o T t ) Y t"&o YsU Y & , 5AOPOPIE-0IK*H, -0*-?]J/N
(5 :X-?]J/z,P5(<@/G: *(f -0]P/ <@/G< /=60: *(f -?]J/z:;QP60b(IKF%5AC :;-?5 g"
h 9
R 6!& u F 5(bH:G`
=| ' ("#2\ U W8 U r Y Y #
H` TqZ .o.' F ]P/G60/ 5A60/e:0/ 4H/=605(C R 6!& u 60/=5(OP/=6;: 5 4A5(IKCK5 PCE/ IK, -?]P/cL 5(6 (/2-+4eIE-0]@OJI /=60/G,dF=5(vq5 PIECKI -?IK/G:=`sB 5(F ] *Af -?]J/6;/%5(OJ/=60: ]q5(: FGQP:;-0*H< vP60*A-?*$F=*HCE: 5(,PO@5(vPIK: QP:;/=Oz-?* F=*H
/G,PbHIK,J/(g -?]P/5(,q5(C 9 G/=6nOJ/G-?/G60
=| l ' V T o
hMG
& , -?]PIE: :0/=F2-?IE*H,4 / 4eIKCKC[OP/=:;F=6;I /@IE, J60IK/2f -0]P/ 9 4 /@IE< C vPCE/=IK:e5A:e5 6;/ .QP/G:;-c5(,PO}-?]P/X6;/=vPC 9 f6;*H< 5a60/=5(OP/G6IE: 5a60/ C :0v *H,P:;/(`& - IK: 5: 9^,JF ]P60*H,J*HQP: vP6;*(-?*$F=*HC gd4e]PIKF ]nCK/=,Jb(-?]*Af 5 60/G:0v *H,P:0/avP5(F (/2-?: PQ /=6z:0vP5(F=/NIK: h2(A k.9.-0/=:=` 0 / FG*H,P,P/GFG- -0*-0]P/ 6;/%5(OJ/=6zQP:0IE,Pb 5 F ) y M& y FG*H,P,P/GFG-0IK*H, ` 6 IEbHQP60/ J9 ` h@:;]P*\4 -0]P/vP5(F (/2- f*H60<@5A-ef*H6-?]P/860/ .QP/G:;- 5A,PO60/G:0v *H,P:;/ 60/G:0v /=FG-0I5(4 /=CE9(` F 5 PCE/ J9 ` a9 OP/q,J/=:e-?]P/ q/GCKOP:e*(fs-?]P/ vq5AF (/G-=`
Y .o T W8 U U +[Y pHT Y ' + Ysp 6 IKb(QP60/ 9J` G :;]P*\4e:-?]P/bH/=,P/G6?5(C F=*(<@< QJ,PIKF=5A-?IE*H,@:;/ .QP/G,PF=/ f*H6 -0]P/ d9.-?/X:;-060/=5(< vJ60*(-0*^FG*HC `6q*H6+5 F ) y M& y :;*^F A/G-eF=*(,P,P/=F C -?IE*H, g.-?]P/ *H: - :;9$: -?/=< ,P/=/GOP: -?*/=:;-?5 PCEIK:0] F=*H,P,J/=FG-0IK*H,@-?*-0]P/ 60/=5(OP/G6 /Gf*H6;/X5(,d9z<@/G:0:?5AbH/ /21^F ]q5A,PbH/(` 3 ,@/G:;- 5 PCKIE:0]P/GO F ) y M& y :0*$F (/2-+FG*H,P,P/GFG-0IK*H, 4eIKCEC i/ A/=vJ- *Hv /=, QJ,.-0IKCJ-0]P/ *H: :;9$: -?/=< F=CE*H:0/G: IE- *H6+/G606;*H6+*$F=FGQP60:G` 6q*H6 /%5(F ] 60/.QP/=: -e:0/=,d- d9z-?]P/ *H: - :;9$: -?/=< -?* 5860/%5AOP/=6Gg -?]J/=60/eFG*HQPCKO /e< QPCE-0IKvPCE/+6;/=:0v *H,P:;/ vP5(F (/2-?: P5(F V` F ]P/vP60*Hb(60/=:;:PIE- IE,@5X6;/=:0v *H,P:;/ vP5(F (/2-?: :;-?5A-?QJ:P/=CKO :;/=6 4(/=: 5(: 5(, IK,POJIKF%5 -?*H6G!` +/GIK,Pb G/=6;*8
U T Y # V G| + p ! Y & ( T W8 i&& #% Y # )+QP6;60/G,.- R 6!& u :;9$:;-0/=
h2A
`9J` h^`J 9.-?/87$-060/=5(< y 60*(-0*^FG*HC y 5(F (/2- 6q*H60<@5A-
OP/2-?/=F2- 5(CEC"-0]P/-?5(bH: -0]q5A- 5(60/M4eIE-?]JIK, I -?:6?5(,JbH/(` F ]PIK: vP60*JCK/=<xIE:c60/GC 5A-0/=O -0*@-0]P/ F=*(,PF=/GvJ*(f -?5(bF=*HCECKIK:;IK*H,J:=` 0]J/=, -0]P/N6;/%5(OJ/=6 /G<@I -?:z5:;IKbH,P5(C g+5(CKC -?5(bH: -?]q5A-@60/GF=/GI54H/ -?]P/N:0IEbH,q5(C 60/G:0v *H,PO.9 :;/=,POPIE,Pb@-0]P/=IE6 - 5(bzIKOP:G` 0]P/G, -?]J/=60/85(6;/M:;/ 4(/=6?5AC[- 5AbH:eF=CK*(:0/ -?*z/%5(F ]*A-?]P/G6*(6 *$4H/G60C 5AvPvPIK,JbPgJ-?]J/M6;/%5(OJ/=6e< 5%9},J*(-e60/GF=/=I 4H/85(CKC -?]P/X-?5(b IKOP:G` F ]P/e:;IKbH,q5ACK: :;/=,d- .9-?]P/ -?5(bH:DF=*(CKCKIEOP/ 5A,PO 60/=:;QPCE-0:DIK,aCE*H:0:D*(fiOq5A-?5J` F ].QP: 5X:0IE,PbHCE/ 60/=5(O f60*(<x-0]P/ 6;/%5(OP/G6cIE:c,P*(-c/=,P*(QPbH]-?* OP/=FGIKOP/M-?]P/ vJ60/=:;/=,PFG/a*H6 5 P:0/G,PF=/a*(f 5z- 5(bP` R /=v /%5A-0/=O 60/=5(OP:e5(6;/X60/$QJIK60/GOn-?*a<@5 (/X:;QPF ]N5(:0:;/=6;-0IK*H,J:=` QP6e5(CEbH*H60I -?]P< QJ:0/=: -0]P/ f*HCKCE*\4eIK,Pb8F=60I -?/G60I 5 -?* OP/2-?/G60
A
then
h(k
`9J` 9J` 9.-?/87$-060/%5A< y 60*(-0*^FG*HC y 5AF (/G-6 IK/GCKO u / q,PIE-0IK*H,J:
Tag is present in the vicinity
3- 5AbzIE: F=*H,J:0IKOJ/=60/GO -0* /X
GY \.o .o Ysp V'
F ]P/1#(jHjaL X:;9$:;-0/=
5(,PO -?]J/85A,.-0/=,P,P5z6;/=:0QJCE-eIK, CE*H:0:e*(f[:0IEbH,q5(CE: 5(,PO -?]P/X-?5(b F%5(,P,J*(- i/XOP/2-?/GFG-?/GO `
#%# + $# Y T \! pHT o
F ]P/cQP:0/ *(f R 6!& u IE, ]P/=5(CE-0]PF%5(6;/ vJ60/=:;/=,d-?:e5M,.QP< /=6 *(f{F=6;IE-0IKF%5ACqIK:0:;QP/cQJ,PI .QP/ ]P/%5(C -?]C
F%5A60/ IK, (5 OPOJIE-?IE*H,n-?*a-0]P/ q5(:0IEFXCKIE<@I - 5A-0IK*H,P: *(f[-?]P/X-0/=F ]P,P*(CK*Hb(9(` )X p \o U T Y d p=Y \.o $o Ysp ' F ]P/@]P/%5(C -?]PF=5(60/z/=,B4$IK6;*H,P
h2
`9^` GP` NX/=,J/=6?5AC 9.-?/87$-?6;/%5(< y 6;*(-?*$F=*(Cs)+*H<@<QP,PIKF=5A-?IE*H, 7^/.QP/=,PFG/
T Y : Z pHT ' +"r[r &&$#(' 0/XF=*(,POPQPF2-?/=O 5f/%5(:;I PIECKI - 9 :;-?QJOJ9}*(fsQP:;IK,Pb R 6!& u
-0*- 5(b<@/GOPIKF=5(Ci:;QPvPvPCEIK/G:=` F ]P/XFGQP606;/=,d- :;-?5A-?/X*Afs5(6;-+IK:+,J*(- :0*(vP]PIK: -?IEF%5A-0/=On/G,P*HQPbH]n-0* 5(CECK*\4 - 5(bHb(IK,Pb *(f 5ACKC{
h / Y s Y U Y T T Z T F ) " t & o o z # \ ( # ' ] P 8 / J ] % / ( 5 C ? P ] = F ( 5 0 6 M / K I P , J O P Q ; : 0 ; 6 9 P v ; 6 = / 0 : G / d , ? : 5 P Q P , I . P Q F ]q5ACKCK/G,PbH/D-?*e-?]J/ vJ].9$:;IKF%5AC^IE,.-0/=bH6;IE- 9c*(f R 6!& u -?5(bH: /=F%5AQP:0/ *(fJI -?:"v /=6 4A5(:;I54(/ IE,Jf/=F2-?IK*(, FG*H,d-?60*(C
| &# pB+ #%#% Y
& , :0vJIE-?/ *Afi-0]P/ CKIE<@I - 5A-0IK*H,P:"*(fV-0]P/ F=QP6;60/G,.- : - 5A-0/*Af 5A6;- R 6!& u ]q5(: IK
f*H6 QP:;/8IE,}]P/%5ACE-?]JF%5(6;/(` ' T \ GY Vo UT Y zY T R 6!& u - 5AbH: ]P5$4(/X58:;< 5ACKCV5(
*(f :0QPvJvPCKIE/=: QP:0/GOn5(6;/ FG*HQP,d-?/GO}5(,PO@:0]P*HQJCKOz/=IE-0]P/=6 /G,POnQPv@IK, -?]P/e4 5A:;-?/ PIE,@*H6 IK, -? h]J#/ : -?*H605(bH/(` 0I -?] R 6!& u 4+/ F=5(, *H,PCE9@OP/2-?/=6;<@IE,P/X5a6?5A,PbH/ IE,n4e]PIKF ] 5 - 5(baIE: OP/2-?/=F2-?/GO ` y 5(6;-0IE-?IE*H,PIE,Pb 5(, *Hv /=6?5 -?IK,Jb6;*^*(< 4eIE-0] ]JIKbH] f60/$QJ/=,PF29 R 6!& u :;9$:;-0/=
24 0*$ F * / 4A5(CKQP5A-?/c-0]P/Xv /=6;f*(60<@5(,PF=/c*(f *(QP6 :;9$: -?/=< 4 /XQP:;/=O vP]d9^:;IK*HCE*HbHIEF%5(C Oq5A-?5 :0/G-0: f60*H<
5a].QP< 5A,Nvq5 -?IK/G,d-e:0IK<QPC 5A-0*H6=`
+sU TqY cT Y ' U + T \ Vo
F ]P/QP< 5A, y 5A-0IK/G,.-87$IK< PQ CK5A-?*(6H@ y 7EcIK: 5nvP60*$OPQPF2-X*(f+LN/=OJIKF%5ACDBDOPQPF%5 -?IK*(, F /GF ]C ,P*HCE*HbHIE/=: & ,PF1@ L B F & E2` F ]J/ y 7KI :sF%5ACKCK/GOa7$-?5(,f*H6 7$-?5(,POq5(6;O L 5(, ` F ]P/ :;9$:;-0/=< FG*H,P:;IK:;-0: *(fX/GCK/GFG-?6;IKF=5(C g
*^OPIECE9 fQP,PF2-?IE*H,P:=` IE: /G9(/=: PCKIE, Vg ]PIK:cvPQPvPIECK: OPIEC 5A-0/(g ]JIK: vPQJCK:0/aF=5(,i/ f/GCE-XIE,-?]P/a:05(*(f *%1$9^b(/=,N5(,PO F%5(6 i*(, OJIK*%1^IKOP/A` a3 CKCi-0]P/=:;/ :;9$:;-0/=
9
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