MANAJEMEN PROYEK PERANGKAT LUNAK (MPPL) Software Project Management. Pengantar MPPL

MANAJEMEN PROYEK PERANGKAT LUNAK (MPPL) Software Project Management Pengantar MPPL

Tujuan perkuliahan Memahami pengertian umum tentang MPPL dan urgensinya dalam pengembangan PL Memahami karakteristik proyek PL Memahami kriteria sukses/gagal sebuah proyek PL Memahami problem-problem dalam proyek PL

MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

2/23

Agenda Pengertian umum: proyek, manajemen dan PL Pengertian dan urgensi MPPL Perbedaan MPPL dengan proyek lain Pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) Aktifitas dalam MPPL Kriteria kesuksesan dan kegagalan sebuah proyek PL Problem-problem di dalam proyek PL


3/23

Project is … A specific, finite task to be accomplished A temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique purpose A specific plan or design A planned undertaking


4/23

Jobs vs. projects

Jobs – repetition of very well-defined and well understood tasks with very little uncertainty Exploration – e.g. finding a cure for cancer: the outcome is very uncertain Projects – in the middle! MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

5/23

Characteristics Terdiri dari non-routine tasks Ada perencanaan Ada tujuan yang spesifik yang harus dicapai atau ada produk yang spesifik yang harus dibuat Dibatasi oleh waktu dan sumber daya Pekerjaan yang dilakukan untuk melayani konsumen Melibatkan berbagai keahlian Melibatkan beberapa fase/tahapan pekerjaan Berukuran besar dan kompleks MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

6/23

Project dimensions People Process Product Project

People

Management Structure

Business Environment

Product Tools

Methods Process Project


7/23

Relevant issues (partly) People faktor vital – – – –

Personil yang lemah: motivasi, skill Penambahan orang pada proyek yang terlambat Friksi antara developer dan konsumen Koordinasi dan komunikasi antar anggota tim

Process – – – –

Requirements volatility Domain permasalahan dan kebutuhan konsumen Perancangan yang tidak baik Proses review yang lemah


8/23

Relevant issues (partly) Product – – – –

Requirements gold-plating Design gold-plating Research-oriented development Unjuk kerja yang rendah

Project – – – – –

Perencanaan yang lemah Jadwal yang terlalu optimistik Manajemen resiko yang kurang memadai Manajemen kontrol yang kurang baik Manajemen perubahan yang kurang baik


9/23

What is management ? Serangkaian aktifitas yang meliputi planning, organizing, staffing, directing, monitoring controlling, innovating dan representing untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu


10/23

Management functions Planning - deciding what is to be done Organizing - making arrangements Staffing - selecting the right people for the job Directing - giving instructions Monitoring - checking on progress Controlling - taking action to remedy hold-ups Innovating - coming up with solutions when problems emerge Representing - liaising with clients, users, developers and other stakeholders MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

11/23

What is project management ? The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements [PMI – Project Management Institute] A system of management procedures, practices, technologies, skills and experience that are necessary to successfully manage a project


12/23

What is software ? Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals. Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market. Software products may be: – Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word. – Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification.

New software can be created by developing new programs, configuring generic software systems or reusing existing software. MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

13/23

Software characteristics PL itu direkayasa, bukan difabrikasi/diproduksi PL tidak bisa diraba (intangible) PL tidak mengalami keausan Sebagian besar PL dikustomisasi (customized) increased failure rate due to side effects

Failure rate

change actual curve

idealized curve Time MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

14/23

What is software project management ? Concerned with activities involved in ensuring that software is delivered on time and on schedule and in accordance with the requirements of the organizations developing and procuring the software


15/23

SPM – urgency Project management is needed because software development is always subject to budget and schedule constraints that are set by the organization developing the software


16/23

Software project charateristics Invisibility – the product is intangible Complexity – more complex than others Conformity – to conform to the human client requirements Flexibility – subject to change Many software projects are “one-off” projects Software processes are variable and organization specific The technology changes very quickly MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

17/23

What are stakeholders ? Orang-orang yang berkepentingan dengan proyek Menentukan cara berkomunikasi Kategori: – Internal – dalam satu tim proyek (e.g. Project Manager, Analyst, Designer, Programmer, Configuration Manager, dll.) – Eksternal dari tim proyek, tetapi dalam satu organisasi (e.g. Accountant, HR Manager, dll.) – Eksternal, baik proyek dan organisasi (e.g. customer, end user)


18/23

SPM – activities Feasibility study – estimasi kelayakan proyek Planning – perencanaan proyek, jika layak Execution - pelaksanaan proyek


19/23

Success criteria Delivering the software to customer at the agreed functionality to the required level of quality on time and within budget


20/23

Problems Planning for software projects is generally poor. Procedures and techniques for the selection of project managers are poor. The accountability of many software engineering projects is poor, leaving some questions as to who is responsible for various project functions. The ability to accurately estimate the resources required to accomplish a software project is poor. Success criteria for software development projects are frequently inappropriate unreliable, difficult to use, and difficult to maintain. MPPL - Pengantar MPPL | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

21/23

Problems Decision rules to aid in selecting the proper organizational structure are not available. Decision rules in selecting the correct management techniques are not available. Procedures, methods and techniques for designing a project control system that will enable project managers to successfully control their projects are not readily available.


22/23

Summary Proyek terdiri dari aktifitas-aktifitas non-rutin yang harus diatur Proyek PL bersifat intangible sehingga tidak mudah untuk memonitor kemajuan proyek Manajemen proyek PL yang baik akan menentukan keberhasilan proyek Keberhasilan proyek PL tidak hanya diukur dari jalan/tidaknya PL


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MANAJEMEN PROYEK PERANGKAT LUNAK (MPPL) Software Project Management. Pengantar MPPL

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