LAMPIRAN I SIGN CONVENTION Normal Axis 3
Local axis 3 is always normal to the plane of the shell element. This axis is directed towards you when the path j1-j2-j3 appears counter-clockwise. For quadrilateral elements, the element plane is defined by the vectors that connect the mid-points of the two pairs of opposite sides. Default Orientation
The default orientation of the local 1 and 2 axes is determined by the relationship between the local 3 axis and the global Z axis:
The local 3-2 plane is taken to be vertical, i.e., parallel to the Z axis The local 2 axis is taken to have an upward (+Z) sense unless the element is horizontal, in which case the local 2 axis is taken along the global +Y direction The local 1 axis is horizontal, i.e., it lies in the X-Y plane
The element is considered to be horizontal if the sine of the angle between the local 3 axis and the Z axis is less than 10-3. The local 2 axis makes the same angle with the vertical axis as the local 3 axis makes with the horizontal plane. This means that the local 2 axis points vertically upward for vertical elements. Element Coordinate Angle
The shell element coordinate angle, ang, is used to define element orientations that are different from the default orientation. It is the angle through which the local 1 and 2 axes are rotated about the positive local 3 axis from the default orientation. The rotation for a positive angle value of ang appears counterclockwise when the local +3 axis is pointing toward you.For horizontal elements, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the horizontal +Y axis. Otherwise, ang is the angle between the local 2 axis and the vertical plane containing the local 3 axis. The following figures provide examples.
107
Universitas Sumatera Utara
See Also: Von Mises Stress
108
Universitas Sumatera Utara
109
Universitas Sumatera Utara
110
Universitas Sumatera Utara
111
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN II OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGITIGA SAP2000 Advanced Version 10.0.1.0 (Analysis Build 8499) File: ...core-2-sel-SegiTiga-s-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiTiga-selemen 1m.LOG B E G I N
A N A L Y S I S
2008/03/26
MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES)
=
127.938 MB
NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL
=
1075
= =
2112 49
REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION =
75 3 72
E L E M E N T
F O R M A T I O N
NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED
L I N E A R
E Q U A T I O N
S O L U T I O N
FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS
= =
3168 61146
NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT
=
0
L I N E A R
S T A T I C
C A S E S
USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK
= =
1 1
LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S
C O M P L E T E
2008/03/26
112
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN III OUT PUT SAP 2000 ELEMEN SEGIEMPAT SAP2000 Advanced Version 10.0.1.0 (Analysis Build 8499) File: ...A-core-2-sel-SegiEmpat-elemen 1m\TA-core-2-sel-SegiEmpatelemen 1m.LOG
B E G I N
A N A L Y S I S
2008/03/26
MAXIMUM MEMORY BLOCK SIZE (BYTES)
=
127.938 MB
NUMBER OF JOINTS IN THE MODEL
=
1075
= =
1056 49
REDUCTION OF CONSTRAINTS AND RESTRAINTS: NUMBER OF CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF BEFORE REDUCTION = COUPLED CONSTRAINT/RESTRAINT MASTER DOF = CONSTRAINT MASTER DOF AFTER REDUCTION =
75 3 72
E L E M E N T
F O R M A T I O N
NUMBER OF SHELL ELEMENTS FORMED NUMBER OF CONSTRAINTS FORMED
L I N E A R
E Q U A T I O N
S O L U T I O N
FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS
= =
3168 70254
NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT
=
0
L I N E A R
S T A T I C
C A S E S
USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK
= =
1 1
LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED: CASE: DEAD A N A L Y S I S
C O M P L E T E
2008/03/26
113
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran IV Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kanan (Vektor Arah Keatas)
Gambar : Model 3D
114
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : Model 2D
115
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek
116
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek
117
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek
118
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang
119
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang
120
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran V Torsi Di Core Sebelah Kiri (Vektor Arah Ke Bawah)
Gambar : Model 3D
121
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : Model 2D
122
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek
123
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek
124
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek
125
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang
126
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang
127
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN VI Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Berlawanan Arah)
Gambar : Model 3D
128
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : Model 2D
129
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek
130
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek
131
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek
132
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang
133
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang
134
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN VII Torsi Di Kedua Core (Vektor Searah Ke Bawah )
Gambar : Model 3D
135
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : Model 2D
136
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Tengah Bidang Pendek
137
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kiri Bidang Pendek
138
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Kanan Bidang Pendek
139
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Depan Bidang Panjang
140
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gambar : S12 Shell Belakang Bidang Panjang
141
Universitas Sumatera Utara
