DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Guyton and Hall. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke 11. Jakarta: EGC. 2007; 244-57. 2. Price SA, Wilson LM. Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Edisi ke 6. Jakarta: EGC. 2005; 530-45. 3. Tim Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif FK Undip/RSUP Dr.Kariadi Semarang. Anestesiologi. Semarang: Bagian Anestesiologi dan terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Undip/RSUP Dr.Kariadi Semarang. 2010; 295-307. 4. SIGN. Postoperative management in adults: A practical guide to postoperative care for clinical staff. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2004. 5. Arras, Margarete. Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability. BMC Veterinary Research, 2007(3);16:1-8 6. Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapi FKUI. (2007). Farmakologi dan terapi Ed.5. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit FKUI. 259-266;314-330. 7. Charapov, Ilia et all. Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion Analgesia Trial. Ottawa Anesthesia. 2007. 8. . Kestin, I. Control of Heart Rate. Update in Anesthesia. 1993 (3):1. 9. Physiology of Cardiac Conduction. Accessed from www.rnceus.com/ekg/ekgphys.html. Accessed on October 9, 2012. 10. The Heartbeat Cardiac Physiology. Accessed from www.as.miami.edu. Accessed on October 10, 2012. 11. Louise Vigneault, MD, et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain control : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Canadian J.Anesthesiologists Society, 2011;58:22-37. 12. BK Baral, et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery.Nepal Med Coll J, 2010; 12(4): 215-220. 13. Barros de Oliveira, Caio Marcio, et al. Intraoperative intravenous lidocaine.Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2010;60(3): 325-333. 14. Weihua Cui, et al. Systemic administration of lidocain reduces morphine requirements and postoperative pain of patients undergoing thoracic surgery after propofol-remifentanil-based anaesthesia. European Journal of Anesthesiology, 2010;27:41- 6. 15. Kaba.A, et al. Acute rehabilitation program after laparascopic colectomy using intravenous lidocain. Annual Meeting of the European Society of Anesthesiologists, 2005;105:53- 8.
16. Koppert, Wolfgang ,et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg,2004;98:1050 - 5. 17. Kazuto Omiya,et al. Heart Rate Response to Symphatetic Nervous Stimulation, Exercise, and Magnesium Concentration in Various Sleep Conditions. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,2009,19,127135. 18. Scott B. Groudine, MD, et al. Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retopubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg, 1998;86:235-9. 19. Anas Tamsuri, (2006). Konsep dan Penatalaksanaan Nyeri. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran. Jakarta : EGC 20. Marret E, Rolin M, Beaussier M, Bonnet F. Meta-analysis of intravenous lidocaine and postoperative recovery after abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 2008; 95: 1331-8. 21. McCarthy GC, Megalla SA, Habib AS. Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Drugs 2010; 70: 1149-63. 22. Alexander & Hill, (1987). Post Operative Pain. Oxford : Black Well Scientific Publ 23. Kasten GW, Owens E. Evaluation of lidocaine as an adjunct to fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesth Analg 1986; 65: 511-5. 24. Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study of neuroprotection with lidocaine in cardiac surgery. Stroke 2009; 40: 880-7. 25. Abdourahamane Kaba, MD, et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion facilitates acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy. American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2007; 106:11-8. 26. Caio Marcio Barros de Oliveira, TSA, et al. Intraoperative intravenous lidocaine.Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2010;60(3): 325-333. 27. Marsaban A, Maas EM, Bagianto H. Ilmu Pengetahuan Dasar, Mekanisme Fisiologi Nyeri. In: Chandra S. Panduan Tatalaksana Nyeri Perioperatif. Jakarta : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi dan Reanimasi Indonesia.2009;1-25. 28. Ganong, William F. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran.Jakarta:EGC.2002: 532-5. 29. Singh M. Stress response and anesthesia altering the pre and post-operative management. Indian J Anesth; 2003: 47:427-34. 30. Hartawan, dr.Dicky. Efektivitas Pemberian Lidocain Intravena 1,5mg/kg/jam terhadap Nyeri Pasca Laparatomi. 2012. Departemen/SMF Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. 31. Flemming DC, Orkin Fk, Kirby RR. Hazards of tracheal intubation. In: Nikolous G, Robert RK. Complication in anesthesiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincottraven; 1996: 229-37 32. Arif, Syafri Kamsul. Perioperative Ischemic and Infark Miokard. The Indonesian Journal of Medical Science,2009 (1):490-501. 33. Constantino, Robert. Cardiovasculer Effects of Lidocaine. The Annals Thoracic of Surgery,1999(8):425-36.
34. Ramundus, Alex Bin. Pengaruh Lidokain Intravena 1,5mg/kgBB terhadap Gejolak Kardiovaskuler pada Tindakan laringoskopi dan Intubasi. 2009. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. 35. Atmawan,Derajad Bayu. Perbedaan Tekanan Darah, Laju Jantung dan Rate Pressure Product (RPP) Pada Pemberian Lidokain 1,5 Mg/Kgbb Intravena Sebelum Intubasi Dibandingkan Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia, 2013 (5):11-20.
LAMPIRAN 1. HASIL UJI STATISTIK Descriptives Statistic Heart Rate jam ke 0
Mean 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
75.25 Lower Bound
72.13
Upper Bound
78.37
5% Trimmed Mean
75.42
Median
75.00
Variance
1.506
54.457
Std. Deviation
Heart Rate jam ke 48
Std. Error
7.379
Minimum
60
Maximum
88
Range
28
Interquartile Range
10
Skewness
-.371
.472
Kurtosis
-.026
.918
Mean
82.33
1.715
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
78.79
Mean
Upper Bound
85.88
5% Trimmed Mean
82.87
Median
84.00
Variance Std. Deviation
70.580 8.401
Minimum
63
Maximum
92
Range
29
Interquartile Range
12
Skewness Kurtosis
-1.058
.472
.536
.918
Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic
Df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
Heart Rate jam ke 0
.139
24
.200
*
.955
24
.341
Heart Rate jam ke 48
.329
24
.000
.835
24
.001
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic hr_48_transf
Df
.343
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. 24
Statistic
df
.000
.810
N
Mean Rank
Sig. 24
.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction NPar Tests Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Ranks
Heart Rate jam ke 48 Heart Rate jam ke 0
a
4.86
34.00
b
15.65
266.00
Negative Ranks
7
Positive Ranks
17
c
Ties
0
Total
24
a. Heart Rate jam ke 48 < Heart Rate jam ke 0 b. Heart Rate jam ke 48 > Heart Rate jam ke 0 c. Heart Rate jam ke 48 = Heart Rate jam ke 0 Test Statistics
b
Heart Rate jam ke 48 - Heart Rate jam ke 0 Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Based on negative ranks.
a
-3.320
.001
Sum of Ranks
Test Statistics
b
Heart Rate jam ke 48 - Heart Rate jam ke 0 a
Z
-3.320
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
.001
a. Based on negative ranks. b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test T-Test
Group Statistics Jenis Kelamin Responden Heart Rate jam ke 0
N
Mean
laki-laki perempuan
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
8
73.63
9.826
3.474
16
76.06
6.027
1.507
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
Sig. (2F Heart Rate jam ke 0
Equal
Sig. 2.641
t .118
df
tailed)
Std. Error Mean Difference
Difference
-.756
22
.458
-2.438
3.2
-.644
9.721
.535
-2.438
3.7
variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Descriptives Statistic Umur Responden
Mean 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
51.04 Lower Bound
47.76
Upper Bound
54.32
Std. Error 1.585
5% Trimmed Mean
50.55
Median
50.00
Variance
60.303
Std. Deviation
7.765
Minimum
42
Maximum
69
Range
27
Interquartile Range
5
Skewness
1.315
.472
Kurtosis
1.047
.918
Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic Umur Responden
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
.303
24
Statistic
.000
df
Sig.
.807
24
.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic umur_transf
Df
.280
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. 24
Statistic
.000
.847
df
Sig. 24
.002
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Correlations
Spearman's rho
Umur Responden
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Heart Rate jam ke 0
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Umur
Heart Rate jam
Responden
ke 0
1.000
-.090
.
.675
24
24
-.090
1.000
.675
.
24
24
Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic Berat Badan Responden
Df
.192
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. 24
Statistic
.022
df
Sig.
.923
24
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Correlations
Berat Badan Responden
Berat Badan
Heart Rate jam
Responden
ke 0
Pearson Correlation
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.237
N Heart Rate jam ke 0
24
24
Pearson Correlation
.251
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.237
N
24
Statistics
N
Valid
Umur
Berat Badan
Responden
Responden 24
24
0
0
Mean
51.04
56.25
Median
50.00
54.50
Std. Deviation
7.765
12.453
Missing
.251
24
.067
LAMPIRAN 2. DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
LAMPIRAN 3. ETHICAL CLEARANCE
LAMPIRAN
Identitas
Nama
: Juwita Kusumadewi
NIM
: G2A009065
Tempat/tanggal lahir : Semarang, 14 Juni 1991 Jenis kelamin
: Perempuan
Alamat
: Jl Pucang Karya Raya no.7 Pucang Gading, Semarang
Nomor Telpon
: 02476727293
Nomor HP
: 085640961991
e-mail
:
[email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD
: SDN Batursari 6
Lulus tahun
: 2003
2. SMP
: SMP Negeri 2 Semarang
Lulus tahun
: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA Negeri 5 Semarang
Lulus tahun
: 2009
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009
