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KATROL ELEKTRIK DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG (ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG ) PROYEK AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya
Disusun oleh : PRASTIYO NIM. I 8612037
PROGRAM DIPLOMA III TEKNIK MESIN OTOMOTIF FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2016
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KATROL ELEKTRIK DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG (ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG )
Disusun oleh :
PRASTIYO I8612037
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2016 commit to user
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iii ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... viii DAFTAR RUMUS ....................................................................................... ix DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................ 1 1.3TujuanProyekAkhir .................................................................... 2 1.4Manfaat Proyek Akhir ................................................................ 2 1.5SistematikaPenulisan .................................................................. 3 BAB II DASAR TEORI 2.1 Pengertian Umum..................................................................... 4 2.2 StatistikaRangka....................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Gaya Luar ........................................................................ 6 2.2.2 Gaya Dalam ..................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Diagram Gaya ................................................................ 7 2.2.4 Tumpuan ......................................................................... 8 2.3 Tegangan Normal (Normal Strees) .......................................... 9 2.4 KekuatanSambunganLas .......................................................... 13 BAB III PERENCANAAN DAN DESAIN 3.1 Diagram alurpengerjaan ........................................................... 17 3.2 SpesifikasiTeknikKendaraan.................................................... 18 3.3 KonsepDesainKatrolElektrik ................................................... 19 3.4 Perencaan KontruksiRangka .................................................... 20
commit to user 3.4.1Perencaan Rangka Bagian Atas ....................................... 20
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3.4.2Perencaan Rangka Bagian Bawah .................................... 25 3.5 KekuatanSambungan Las ......................................................... 28 BAB IV PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN 4.1 Desain ....................................................................................... 31 4.2 SistemKerjaKatrolElektrik ....................................................... 31 4.3 Alat Dan Bahan ........................................................................ 32 4.4 Proses Pengerjaan Rangka ....................................................... 33 4.5 Proses Pengecatan .................................................................... 34 4.6 Proses Perakitan ....................................................................... 34 4.7 UjiFungisionalRangka ............................................................. 36 4.8 Pembahasan .............................................................................. 37 4.9 HasilPengujianMesin ............................................................... 39 4.10 PerawatanMesin....................................................................... 39 BAB V PENUTUP 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 40 5.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 40 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 KontruksiMesinKatrolElektrik .................................................. 4 Gambar 2.2 SketsaPrinsipStatikaKesetimbangan ......................................... 5 Gambar 2.3 SketsaReaksiTumpuanRol ........................................................ 8 Gambar 2.4 SketsaReaksiTumpuanSendi ..................................................... 8 Gambar 2.5 SketsaReaksiTumpuanJepit ...................................................... 9 Gambar 2.6 KomponenTegangan Normal Dan Geser .................................. 9 Gambar 2.7 Gaya TarikAksial ...................................................................... 10 Gambar 2.8 Gaya TekanAksial ..................................................................... 10 Gambar 2.9 TeganganGeser .......................................................................... 11 Gambar 2.10 BebanLentur ............................................................................ 12 Gambar 2.11 BentukPengelasanRangkal ...................................................... 14 Gambar 3.1 PerncanaanAlurPengerjaan ....................................................... 17 Gambar 3.2 Desain 3D MesinKatrolElektrik ................................................ 19 Gambar 3.3 KonstruksiRangkaAtas .............................................................. 20 Gambar3.4 NFD, SFD, BMD Gaya Vertical ............................................... 23 Gambar 3.5 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 24 Gambar 3.6 KontruksiRangkaBawah ........................................................... 25 Gambar 3.7 SFD, BMD Gaya Horizontal .................................................... 26 Gambar 3.8 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 27 Gambar 4.1 KonsepRancanganKomponenUtama 3D .................................. 31 Gambar 4.2 Proses PembuatanRangka ......................................................... 33 Gambar 4.3 Proses PengelasanRangka ......................................................... 33 Gambar 4.4 Proses Pemasangan Motor Listrik ............................................. 35 Gambar 4.5 Proses Pemasangan Reducer .................................................... 35 Gambar 4.6 Proses Pemasangan Drum Penggulung ..................................... 35 Gambar 4.7 Proses PemasanganRangkaAtas ................................................ 36 Gambar 4.8 Proses Roll Tali Baja / Slink ................................................................ 36
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DAFTAR RUMUS
Rumus2.1 Momen ............................................................................................ 7 Rumus2.2 Torsi ................................................................................................ 7 Rumus2.3 Tegangan ......................................................................................... 11 Rumus2.4 Tegangangeser ................................................................................ 11 Rumus2.5 Teganganlentur ............................................................................... 12 Rumus2.6 Momenlentur................................................................................... 12 Rumus2.7 Teganganijin ................................................................................... 13 Rumus2.8Panjanglas minimum ....................................................................... 14 Rumus2.9Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat ..................................................... 15 Rumus 2.10Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat .................................................. 15 Rumus2.11 Sudutmaksimumpengelasan ......................................................... 15 Rumus2.12 Hargamomeninersiasudutsatuan ................................................... 15 Rumus2.13 Hargamomeninersiasudutlasan ..................................................... 15 Rumus2.14 Gaya gesertegakluruskearahgravitasi ........................................... 16 Rumus 2.15 Throat area .................................................................................. 16 Rumus 2.16 Gaya gesertegakluruskearah G ................................................... 16 Rumus 2.17 Tegangangesermaksimal .............................................................. 16
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ABSTRAK
PRASTIYO, 2015, “KATROL ELEKTRIK DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG (ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG )”, Proyek Akhir, Program Studi Diploma III Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Katrol elektrik ini dirancang untuk mengangkat beban berat sebesar (500kg) terutama mesin kendaraan (mobil). Mesin ini diharapkan mampu membantu mengefektifkan waktu dan mengurangi beban manusia saat memindahkan barang yang berat (mesin kendaraan). Tujuan dari proyek akhir ini adalah merancang dan membuat Katrol elektrik untuk memindahkan muatan pada jarak yang pendek. Pada prakteknya jarak yang ditempuh hanya terbatas pada puluhan meter. Metode yang digunakan meliputi kajian pustaka yang diambil dari referensi buku, internet dan e-book. Tahap selanjutnya adalah perencanaan yang meliputi desain gambar dan perhitungan dimensi untuk menentukan komponen-komponen yang akan digunakan dalam proyek akhir ini. Tahap terakhir yaitu proses produksi dan perakitan serta pengujian produk. Hasil dari proyek akhir ini adalah alat ini diharapkan mampu membantu pekerjaan manusia dalam hal mengangkat beban yang cukup berat khususnya mesin mobil atau beban sebesar (500kg). Perhitungan rangka berdasarkan analisa dan pengujian dapat dinyatakan aman untuk digunakan.
Kata kunci: katrol elektrik, mengangkat beban, engine mobil 500 kg
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ABSTRACT
PRASETYO, 2015, " ELECTRIC CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG ", a Final Project, Program Diploma Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of March Surakarta Electric crane is designed for lifting heavy loads of (500kg), especially vehicle engines (cars). This engine is expected to help streamline and reduce the burden of human time when moving heavy items (engine). The purpose of this final project is to design and make electric pulley to move the load at a short distance. In practice, the distance is limited to tens of meters. Methods used include literature review were taken from reference books, the Internet and e-book. The next stage is the planning that includes the design drawings and calculations to determine the dimensions of the components to be used in this final project. The last stage is the process of production and assembly and testing of products. Results of this final project is the tool is expected to help the work of man to lift a heavy load, especially a car engine or a load of (500kg). Calculation framework based on analysis and testing can be declared safe for use. Keywords: electric hoists, lifting weights, car engine 500 kg
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