Jurnal. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

ISSN Cetak

: 2087 - 9423

ISSN Elektronik : 2085 - 6695

Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2014

Jurnal

Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

Akreditasi LIPI No.: 742/E/2012 tanggal 7 Agustus 2012

Diterbitkan Oleh:

Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia dan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor http://itk.fpik.ipb.ac.id/ej_itkt61

Vol. 6, No. 1, Juni 2014

ISSN Cetak : 2087-9423 ISSN Electronik: 2085-6695

JURNAL ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KELAUTAN TROPIS

Akreditasi LIPI No.: 742/E/2012 Tanggal 7 Agustus 2012

Diterbitkan Oleh: Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia dan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor http://itk.fpik.ipb.ac.id/ej_itkt61

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis merupakan pengembangan dari E-Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis yang terbit semenjak Juni 2009, mulai Desember 2010 diterbitkan secara cetak dan elektronik. Jurnal ini merupakan jurnal ilmiah dibidang ilmu dan teknologi kelautan tropis dan diterbitkan secara berkala sebanyak dua kali dalam setahun. Jurnal ini terakreditasi secara nasional semenjak Agustus 2012 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Kepala Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), No.: 742/2/2012 tanggal 7 Agustus 2012. Redaksi menerima paper dalam bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa Inggris yang dikirim melalui email ke alamat redaksi dan mengikuti pedoman penulisan paper yang terdapat pada bagian belakang jurnal ini. Diterbitkan oleh

: Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia dan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, FPIK-IPB Penanggung Jawab : Ketua Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia dan Ketua Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, FPIK-IPB Pemimpin Redaksi (Editor in Chief): Bisman Nababan, Ph.D. Redaksi Pelaksana (Executive Editors): Dr. Alimuddin (Aquaculture, BDP-IPB) Dr. Ario Damar (Biological Oceanography, MSP-IPB) Dr. Iskaq Iskandar (Physical Oceanography, UNSRI) Dr. Muhammad Lukman (Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology, UNHAS) Dewan Redaksi/Mitra Bebestari (Editorial Board): Augy Syahailatua, Ph.D. (Marine Fisheries and Marine Biology, P2O-LIPI) Carsten Thoms, Ph.D. (Marine Ecology, German Academic Exchange Service-IPB) Prof. Dr. Dwi Djoko Eny Setyono (Marine Biology and Aquaculture, P2O-LIPI) Dr. Eddy A. Subroto (Marine Geology, ITB) Prof. Dr. Farnis B. Boneka (Benthic Ecology and Coral Reef, FPIK-UNSRAT) Prof. Dr. Feliatra (Marine Microbiology, ITK-UNRI) Prof. Dr. Georis J.F. Kaligis (Marine Biology, FPIK-UNSRAT) Dr. Henry Manik (Marine Acoustic & Instrumentation, ITK-IPB) Prof. Dr. Inneke Rumengan (Marine Biotechnology, FPIK-UNSRAT) Prof. Dr. Joko Santoso (Aquatic Product Processing Technology, THP-IPB) Kakaskasen A. Roeroe, Ph.D. (Coral Reef Ecology, FPIK-UNSRAT) Prof. Dr. Mulia Purba (Physical Oceanography, ITK-IPB) Dr. Mutiara Putri (Physical Oceanography, ITB) Neviaty P. Zamani, Ph.D. (Marine Biology, Coral Reef, ITK-IPB) Suhartati M. Natsir, Ph.D. (Marine Ecology and Marine Geology, P2O-LIPI) Tri Prartono, Ph.D. (Chemical Oceanography, ITK-IPB) Dr. Vincentius Siregar (Marine Remote Sensing & GIS, ITK- IPB) Wahyu Pandoe, Ph.D. (Physical Oceanography and Modeling, BPPT) Penyunting Pelaksana: Hilda Isniawati Nela Bada, Sri Ratih Deswati, Muhammad Subhan, dan Sahat M.R. Tampubolon Alamat Redaksi : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, FPIK Jl. Lingkar Akademik, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680 e-mail: [email protected]

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ISSN Cetak ISSN Elektronik

: 2087-9423 : 2085-6695

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Vol. 6, No. 1, Juni 2014 DAFTAR ISI PREFERENSI MIKROHABITAT BINTANG LAUT PERAIRAN PULAU HARI, SULAWESI TENGGARA (MICROHABITAT PREFERENCE OF SEASTAR IN HARI ISLAND WATERS, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI) Syamsidar Gaffar, Neviaty P. Zamani, dan Pradina Purwati ................................................

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KERAGAMAN DAN KEPADATAN EKINODERMATA DI PERAIRAN TELUK WEDA, MALUKU UTARA (DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF ECHINODERMS AT WEDA BAY WATERS, NORTH MALUKU) Abdul Wahab Radjab, Semuel Agustinus Rumahenga, Ahmad Soamole, Dominggus Polnaya, dan Wempy Barends ..............................................................................................

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ECHINODERMATA, Holothuria atra, IN AN INTERTIDAL SEAGRASS BED OFF THE BAMA BEACH, BALURAN NATIONAL PARK, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA Ana Setyastuti .......................................................................................................................

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PERFORMANSI KEMATANGAN GONAD DAN PEMIJAHAN INDUK IKAN KERAPU BEBEK HASIL PERKAWINAN SILANG ANTARA F-2 DAN F-0 (PERFORMANCE OF GONAD MATURATION AND SPAWNED OF GROUPER BROODSTOCK CROSS BREEDING BETWEEN F-2 AND F-0) Tridjoko, Haryanti, Sari Budi Moria, A. Muzaki, dan I.K. Wardana....................................

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PERKEMBANGAN GONAD IKAN KERAPU SUNU (Plectropomus leopardus) YANG DIPELIHARA DALAM KARAMBA JARING APUNG (GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTICATED CORAL TROUT (Plectropomus leopardus) REARED IN FLOATING NET CAGE) Sari B.M. Sembiring, R. Andamari, A. Muzaki, I.K. Wardana, J.H. Hutapea, dan Ni Wayan Widya Astuti .............................................................................................................

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PENAMBAHAN Ulva reticulata SEBAGAI PERANGSANG DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP KONDISI GONAD BULU BABI KOLEKTOR (Tripneustes gratilla LINNAEUS 1758) (THE ADDITION OF Ulva reticulata AS A STIMULANT INTO ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GONAD CONDITION OF THE COLLECTOR SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla LINNAEUS 1758)) Wahyu Purbiantoro, Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo, dan Oman Agus Sudrajat .......................

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PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN BAWAL LAUT, Trachinotus blocii (LACEPEDE) PADA PENGGELONDONGAN DALAM HAPA DI TAMBAK (GROWTH OF PERFORMANCE SILVER POMPANO FISH FRY, Trachinotus blocii (LACEPEDE) CULTURED IN THE NET CAGE AT THE POND) Tony Setiadharma, Gigih Setia Wibawa, dan Irwan Setiadi .................................................

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PERKEMBANGAN TULANG BELAKANG DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM PROTEASE LARVA IKAN BANDENG, Chanos chanos Forsskal YANG DIPELIHARA PADA MEDIA BERBEDA (VERTEBRAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY OF LARVAL MILKFISH, Chanos chanos Forsskal IN DIFFERENT REARING MEDIA) Titiek Aslianti, Afifah Nasukha, dan Irwan Setyadi

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KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS IKAN BUNTAL DARI PERAIRAN PAMEUNGPEUK, JAWA BARAT (CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY TEST OF PUFFER FISH FROM PAMEUNGPEUK WATERS, WEST JAVA) Eka Deskawati, Sri Purwaningsih, dan Purwantiningsih ......................................................

101

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI PEMBENIHAN KERAPU UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA LAUT (THE APPLICATIONS GROUPER SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT MARICULTURE DEVELOPMENT) Suko Ismi ..............................................................................................................................

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TELAAH KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK DALAM MINYAK IKAN INDONESIA (STUDY THE CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN INDONESIA’S FISH OIL) Indra T. Maulana, Sukraso, dan Sophi Damayanti................................................................

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SEBARAN DAN KERAGAMAN KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGAE DI PERAIRAN TELUK AMBON (DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF MACRO ALGAE COMMUNITIES IN THE AMBON BAY) Christina Litaay .....................................................................................................................

131

HUBUNGAN ANTARA VARIASI MUSIMAN DAN KEDALAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP KERANG MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima) DI TELUK KAPONTORI - PULAU BUTON (THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEASON VARIATIONS AND DEPTH LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL OYSTER SEEDS (Pinctada maxima) IN KAPONTORI BAY, BUTON ISLAND) M. S. Hamzah ........................................................................................................................

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KUALITAS PERAIRAN TAMBAK UDANG BERDASAR PARAMETER MIKROBIOLOGI (SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS) Lies Indah Sutiknowati .........................................................................................................

157

DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN PREFERENSI HABITAT BIVALVIA DI PESISIR PERAIRAN KECAMATAN SIMPANG PESAK KABUPATEN BELITUNG TIMUR (SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF BIVALVIA IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF SIMPANG PESAK SUB DISTRICT, EAST BELITUNG DISTRICT) Irma Akhrianti, Dietriech G Bengen, dan Isdradjad Setyobudiandi......................................

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Chaetoceros gracilis SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS SEDIMEN (Chaetoceros gracilis AS A BIOINDICATOR OF SEDIMENT QUALITY) Rachma Puspitasari dan Lestari ............................................................................................

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KARAKTERISTIK BERAS TIRUAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii SEBAGAI SUMBER SERAT PANGAN (THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL RICE WITH SEAWEED Eucheuma cottonii ADDITION AS A DIETARY FIBER SOURCE) Natalia Prodiana Setiawati, Joko Santoso, Sri Purwaningsih ................................................

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KARAKTERISASI ENZIM KASAR SELULASE KAPANG ENDOFIT DARI LAMUN (CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE CELLULASE OF SEAGRASS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ) Yulia Oktavia, Aulia Andhikawati, Tati Nurhayati, dan Kustiariyah Tarman ......................

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ISOLASI DAN PENAPISAN KAPANG LAUT ENDOFIT PENGHASIL SELULASE (ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC MARINE FUNGI FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION) Aulia Andhikawati, Yulia Oktavia, Bustami Ibrahim, dan Kustiariyah Tarman ..................

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SEBARAN SEDIMEN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS UKURAN BUTIR DI TELUK WEDA, MALUKU UTARA (SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION BASED ON GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES IN WEDA BAY, NORTHERN MALUKU) Septriono Hari Nugroho dan Abdul Basit .............................................................................

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APLIKASI WAVELET DENOISING PADA SINYAL CTD (CONDUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE DEPTH) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DETEKSI OVERTURN REGION (WAVELET DENOISING APPLICATION ON CTD (CONDUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE DEPTH) SIGNALS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF IDENTIFIED OVERTURN REGION) Yuli Naulita ...........................................................................................................................

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Pedoman Penulisan Paper ....................................................................................................

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Indeks ...................................................................................................................................

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Ucapan Terima Kasih Kepada Mitra Bebestari .....................................................................

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Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, Vol. 6, No. 1, Hlm. 31-39, Juni 2014

ECHINODERMATA, Holothuria atra, IN AN INTERTIDAL SEAGRASS BED OFF THE BAMA BEACH, BALURAN NATIONAL PARK, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA Ana Setyastuti UPT Balai Konservasi Biota Laut-LIPI, Ambon E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The occurrence of sea cucumber, Holothuria atra, was assessed in the seagrass area of the Bama beach, Baluran National Park in East Java. The study investigated the frequency and early stages of seagrass association preference of H. atra. Survey was conducted in May 2011 using belt transect (1m x 100m with three replicates). Frequency of H. atra and their association with seagrass were recorded. Furthermore, length and wet weight of each individual of H. atra were measured. The total of 146 individuals of H. atra were observed in which 37.67% associated with Enhalus acoroides (EA), 23.29% associated with Cymodocea rotundata (CR), 23,29% associated with mixed seagrass species of E. acoroides and C. rotundata, and 15.75% associated with no seagrass habitats. The results suggested that small size H. atra might prefer to live under the taller seagrass stands such E. acoroides, which could be morphologically benefits the H. atra by providing better protection and shelter area. Keywords: Holothuria atra, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Baluran National Park.

I. INTRODUCTION Baluran National Park is one of the Indonesia’s National Parks located in Situbondo Regency at the northeastern tip of east Java. The Park is bordered by the Madura Strait in the north, the Bali Strait in the east, the Bajulwati River in the west, and the Klokoran River in the south (Figure 1). The park area is dominated by savana vegetation and forest. Along the coastline, irregular embayments, peninsulas, reefs, sandbanks, mudflats, mangroves, and swamp forests were also found. The seagrass communities off the Baluran are generally found near beaches where the waves are less strong (Anonymous, 2012). Geographically, Holothuria atra is the most abundant sea cucumber species in Indo-Pacific region (Bakus, 1973; Rowe and Doty, 1977; Aziz, 1995; Massin, 1996). It is not only common on sandy beach but also at any type of substrate and coral reef ecosystem (Aziz, 1995). Their color in general is black and

usually its body covered with sands (Bakus, 1973; Rowe and Doty, 1977; Aziz, 1995). It has been suggested that sand reflected light enabled H. atra to have a slightly lower body temperature (Aziz, 1995). Just like other sea cucumber, H. atra is an omnivore, consuming detritus, uneaten food, and algae in the substrate. It ingests sand grains, digests the nutrient, and then expels sand pellets both in day and night time (Bakus, 1973; Anonymous, 2011). Sea cucumber not only play an important ecological role, but some species also economically importance. Due to its economical value, sea cucumber exploitation tends to increase nationally and internationally. The numbers of countries involving in sea cucumber exploitation and trading become doubled during the last two decades (Setyastuti, 2013). This tendency making sea cucumber in highly risk of overexploitation and depletion (Bruckner et al., 2003; Tuwo, 2004; Purwati and Yusron, 2005; Choo, 2008; Purwati et al.,

@Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia dan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, FPIK-IPB

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Echinodermata, Holothuria Atra, in an Intertidal Seagrass Bed ...

2010; Purcell et al., 2011; Setyastuti, 2013). This condition can endanger the sustainability of sea cucumber since the recovery of its heavily exploited stocks is slow and sporadic (Kinch, 2002; Utichke et al., 2004; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012). Therefore, the sea cucumber management has now become a worldwide concern (Bruckner et al., 2003; Conand, 2004; Kinch et al., 2008; Purcell et al., 2011). The increasing demand of sea cucumber worldwide causing most of the high-value sea cucumber stocks have been overexploited. As a consequences, the management seem to be shifted towards the low value species such H. atra (Lovatelli et al., 2004; Choo, 2008; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012). In international markets, H. atra named as black lollyfish, but in local (Indonesia), H. atra has many different names for each region (e.g. teripang hitam, keling, perut hitam, dara, cera). The knowledge of many sea cucumber species on ecological preferences remains largerly unexplained (Dissanayake & Stefansson, 2012), therefore, the management approach to

conserved on the trading species seems lack of evidence. In that point of view, it is necessary to do a research to get baseline information on bio-ecological aspect to as many as possible species of sea cucumber particularly on the trading species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and early supposition seagrass association preference of H. atra in an intertidal seagrass bed off Bama beach, Baluran National Park. II. METHODS 2.1. Study Site The study was conducted in a single trip in May 2011, located at the Bama Beach, eastern side of the Baluran National Park (Figure 1). The geographical position and habitat characteristic of each transect are presented in Table 1. 2.2. Field sampling Investigation on frequency of H. atra individual used belt transect (1m x 100m with three replicates) orthogonal to the coast (Figure 1). Position of the transect was choosen based on high frequency

Figure 1. Study location (black solid rectangulars) at Bama beach, Baluran National Park.

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http://itk.fpik.ipb.ac.id/ej_itkt61

Setyastuti

Table 1. Description of the sampling area. Coordinates

Transect 1

′ 3 .3 ″ ′ 3. 6″

Transect 2

′ 38. ″ ′ .9″

Frequency of H. atra 34

34

55 ′

Transect 3 Free collection

. ″ ′ 38. 8″

Not recorded

zoning of H. atra. Distance between the center points of each sampling area was 10 m. Therefore, the total covered area in this survey was 300 m2 (100 m2 x 3). Within the transect, frequency of H. atra and their association with seagrass were recorded. Substrat type of the survey were also visually recorded. Each individual found within the transect were manually measured its length using gauge (1 mm accuracy) and their wet weight using digital weighting scale (Ohaus 1000 g accuracy). When measuring the length, it was ensured that no hand contact with the individual of H. atra, since it will cause the contraction that could make its body shrinking. Furthermore, weight in this study relied on total wet body weight. Finally, all individuals that have been noted and measured were returned back to the field. Free collection was conducted in front of the mangrove area which still can be found many H. atra that uncovered by the sampling area. This additional method was carried out to enrich the data. Afterwards, all the data of body weight and length were classified into three categories i.e., small size (weight ≤ 99 g; length ≤ 9.9 cm); medium size (weight 200-499 g; length 10-30.99 cm), and large

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Habitat characteristic Sandy substrate dominated by Cymodocea rotundata (CR) Sandy substrate dominated by CR and EA Fine sandy-muddy substrate dominated by Enhalus acoroides (EA) Bare sandy substrate

size (weight ≥ g; length ≥ 3 cm). Furthermore, the associations of H. atra were classified into four conditions i.e, association with seagrass Enhalus acoroides (EA); association with seagrass Cymodocea rotundata (CR); association with mix seagrass (EA+CR), and no association (NA). III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Result The physical condition of each transect site and free collection area were identical i.e., 3 C of the temperature and 35 of the salinity. A total of 146 individuals of H. atra were recorded on this study (Table 1). Out of those, 37.67% were captured in association with seagrass EA, 23.29% with CR and mix (EA+CR), respectively. The rest 15.75% were individual who exposed in bare sandy substrate with no association (Figure 2). Viewed from the body weight distribution, small size individual were captured in the entire of survey area, but mostly they were captured in association with EA (55 individuals). Medium size individuals were captured only in association with CR (9 individuals) and mix seagrass species (1 individual). Large

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, Vol. 6, No. 1, Juni 2014

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sizes which only consist of 2 individuals were captured in association with CR (Figure 3). Based on body length distribution, mostly individuals of H. atra were in medium size (137 individuals). Small size consisted of only three individuals and large size consisted of six individuals. Furthermore, individuals of small size were captured in association with EA (2

individuals) and mix (1 individual). Whereas, the most individual of medium sizes were captured in association with EA (53 individuals), then mix seagrass (33 individuals), CR (28 individuals), and no association (23 individuals). Meanwhile, large size individuals were only capture in association with CR (6 individu) (Figure 4).

Figure 2. Percentage of H. atra individual which associate with seagrass stands.

Figure 3. Weight distribution of H. atra with their seagrass association preference, A: Enhalus acoroides (EA); B: Cymodocea rotundata (CR); C: mix seagrass (EA+CR); D: no association. (Numbers above the bars represent total individuals in particular categories).

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Setyastuti

Figure 4. Length distribution of recently H. atra individual with their seagrass association preference, A: Enhalus acoroides (EA); B: Cymodocea rotundata (CR); C: mix seagrass (EA+CR); D: no association. (Numbers above the bars represent total individuals in particular categories). 3.2. DISCUSSION Holothuria atra is the most common and most abundant sea cucumber species in some part of Indonesian waters (Yusron, 2001a; Yusron, 2001b; Yusron, 2007; Yusron and Widianwari, 2004). Dense aggregation of H. atra in the shallow water seagrass area in Bama beach, Baluran National Park was observed in this study. Those high frequency individuals may related not only because of the sampling location was a conservation area which protect all species inhabiting from human exploitation but also it could be related to the food availability. Several study had been conducted to understanding the possibility of habitat preference of sea cucumber (Eriksson et al., 2012; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012; Purcell et al., 2009; Purcell, 2004; Shiell, 2004; Conand and Mangion, 2002; Conand, 1990). Most of those study

concluded that the organic material was one of the most important factor influencing the habitat preference of sea cucumber. Since the highest density of H. atra was recorded in the seagrass habitat (Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012), I hypothesized that sea cucumber (H. atra in particular) may prefer vegetation in seagrass habitat. The result showed that most individuals of H. atra in this study area were captured in association with seagrass (see Figure 2). The observed affinity of H. atra with seagrass may be related to the sheltering effect of the seagrass canopy and nutritional factor in the bottom of seagrass. Based on Komatsu et al. (2004), the seagrass will trap more nutrient in the baseline which certainly bring benefit to the benthic community inhabiting in seagrass area including H. atra. Most of the H. atra in this study was found in association with EA, of which dominated by small individual


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(weight categories). Otherwise, individual which associated with seagrass CR more varied in weight and length size. Mix seagrasses (EA+CR) were dominated by individual with small to medium. Furthermore, individual which had no association with seagrass was only found in small size (see Figure 3). Based on those result, it showed a tendency that smaller (in weight) individual of H. atra inhabiting Bama beach might prefer to live in any habitat with or without seagrass vegetation, even specifically they were mostly in association with taller seagrass stands (EA). However, this wa still provisional conclusion because the result of length distribution showed a different pattern. Individuals in small size were captured in only association with EA and mix vegetation, otherwise the medium size individuals were found in all survey areas with or without seagrass (see Figure 4). In general, all large size individuals were always in association with CR (see Figure 3 and 4). Seagrass are significantly reducing water movement close to the sediment surface (Komatsu et al., 2004). Considering this ecological role of seagrass, this study suggested that the taller seagrass stands will make better sheltering area for smaller individual. There was also a tendency that small to medium size individual were prefer to non-specifically associate with shorter (CR) or taller (EA) or mix seagrass. On the other side, large size individuals were always associate with shorter seagrass. Therefore, we can assume that H. atra could experience the ontogenetic habitat shift, since in many marine species the habitat shift may occurs on different stage of the life-history (Shiell, 2004; Bos et al., 2011; Erickson et al., 2012). However, more investigation is still needed especially for H. atra, although several publications had been reported that juvenile of Archaster typicus (Asteroidea;

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Echinodermata) preferred to live in the bottom of mangroves area then gradually move to seagrass, sandy habitats, and shoals as they get older (Bos et al., 2011). H. atra are deposit feeders and their dense aggregation in seagrass habitat could be related to their feeding. Since seagrass area rich of particulate matter and detritus (Komatsu et al., 2004; Thangaradjou and Kannan, 2007) and H. atra ingest sand grains and digest organic matter attatched to them (Bakus, 1973; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012; Anonymous, 2011), therefore, this kind of bioturbation possibly raise the seagrass beds productivity (Schneider in Eriksson et al., 2012). The study showed the highest frequency of H. atra were found on the vegetated bottoms of EA which visually fine sandy-muddy substrate type. I assumed that EA bottom had the higher organic matter content than the others. Anyhow, some marine species tend to experience in aggregation, and their distribution could be influenced by biotic relationships, sediment characteristics (i.e., grain size and organic content), and habitat variable such as shelter availability (Conand, 1989; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012; Shiell and Knott in Eriksson et al., 2012). Considering that sea cucumbers become depleted because of excessive hunting in their natural habitats some commercialy low value species such H. atra seems to be the next (or suplementary) commodity (Bruckner et al., 2003; Tuwo, 2004; Lovatelli et al., 2004; Purwati and Yusron, 2005; Choo, 2008; Purwati et al., 2010; Purcell et al., 2011; Dissanayake and Stefansson, 2012). The results from this study could be used as a baseline information for further development of viable restocking programs. However, more investigations are still needed to convince that smaller individual of H. atra prefers to associate with EA.


Setyastuti

IV. CONCLUSION Holothuria atra was observed in high frequency at Bama beach, Baluran National Park. Most individual were captured in association with seagrass. The results showed that all individuals associated with EA were individual with smaller weight. This condition can be related to the sheltering effect of the seagrass canopy and the present of abundant nutrient in the bottom of seagrass area. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to Mrs. Dian Saptarini, M.Sc. as a head of Biology study program at Institute Technology 10 November Surabaya and as a fieldtrip financier to Baluran National Park for this study. The author also acknowledge the administrator of Baluran National Park who gave permission to observed the Bama beach. Thanks to all students (Amel, Eki, Irvan, Wenny, Citra and Sita) for their assistance in the field and labworks. Thanks to I.B. Vimono and A.J. Wahyudi for the discussion and comments, as well to S. Rahmawati for the map. REFERENCES Anonymous. 2011. Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) profile. http://www.salaquarium.about. com/od/seacucumbercare/p/prblac kcucumber.htm. [Retrieved on 13 June 2011]. Anonymous. 2012. Sejarah, letak dan luas kawasan. http://www.balurannationalpark. web.id. [Retrieved on 23 August 2012]. Aziz, A. 1995. Beberapa catatan tentang teripang bangsa Aspidochirotida. Oseana, 20(4):11-23.

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