Instruksional Objective

PENGANTAR TEKNIK INDUSTRI (Engineering, Manajemen dan Industri)

Sritomo W W.Soebroto Soebroto Laboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem Kerja Jurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember SURABAYA 9/19/2011

Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo W.Soebroto

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Instruksional Objective • Memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah pertumbuhan disiplin keilmuan Teknik Industri, logical reasoning process p p perkembangannya g y di masa depan. p • Memberikan gambaran umum konsep-konsep dasar dalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri. • Memberikan konsep dasar, logika berpikir dan metodemetode yang dipakai dalam disiplin Teknik Industri & Manajemen Industri. • Memberikan konsep dasar berpikir secara sistemik dan pola pemecahan masalah secara komprehensif dan optimal i l yang menjadi j di ciri i i disiplin di i li Teknik T k ik Industri I d i & Manajemen Industri. • Memperkenalkan teknik-teknik peningkatan produktivitas, efektivitas dan efisiensi industri. 9/19/2011


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Agenda Engineering & Manajemen Industri, Manajemen Industri dan Bisnis Proses (Pendekatan CIMOSA) 9/19/2011


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Engineers or Managers? (Teknolog atau Ekonom)

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Engineering, Mathematicians & Economists?

Engineers solve problems, but so do mathematicians. Engineers analyze, l but b so do d statisticians andd economists. Engineers design systems, do others ? (Wayne C. Turner, et.al. Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2003) 9/19/2011


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Engineering ? • Ingenium • Ingeniators • Military Engineering >< Civil Engineering “The profession in which a knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, utilize economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind” 9/19/2011


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Engineering ? The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment t develop to d l ways tto utilize, tili economically, i ll th the materials t i l and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology – ABET, 1993)

Includes the application of these mathematical and scientific principles to the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of products, systems, y and large g fixed work that serve humankind; as such it also includes the management of such activities, research and development related to such output, and the education of persons who will be responsible for these myriad forms of activity.

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Basic Engineering Process Problem Symptom (Expression of Need)

Problem Definition (Statement of Desired Outcome)

Analysis (Including Experimentation)

Synthesis Of Alternative Design Solutions

Decision (selection of the best alternative) Solution, System, Product, Process or Method 9/19/2011


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Engineering Process • General activities : (1) Solve problems, ((2)) Analyze y problems, p ((3)) Design g Systems y (Synthesis/Creativity/Innovative, etc.). • Analysis : menguraikan persoalan dalam elemen-elemen dasarnya (detail), dan terkait dengan existing systems. • Synthesis : kebalikan dari analysis, meng kombinasikan elemen-elemen menjadi satu kesatuan sistem yang terintegrasi, dan terkait dengan new/improved systems. 9/19/2011


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Engineering Product Design Engineering (By Function)

Development Design (Engineering & Industrial Design) Production, Mfg & Maintenance

Increasing Abstraction

Inncreasing Practically

Engineering Research

Sales, Marketing & Distribution Commercialization (Economic) 9/19/2011


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The Engineering Design Process

Needs ? 9/19/2011

Engineering Design Process

Ecologgy

Psycholoogy

Socioloogy

Aesthettics

Ergonom mics

Engineerring Technoloogy

Engineerring Sciencce

Sciencce

Econom mics

INPUTS

A Better World for Us ?


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Skills and Qualities Needed for Engineering Profession • • • • • • • • •

Good and math skills St Strong time ti managementt skills kill Mechanical aptitude Good common sense A strong desire for organization and efficiency Excellent communication/ salesmanship Creative problem solving Inquisitive mind Continuous desire to learn

9/19/2011

• Quantitative skills • Technical competency • Continuous drive for improvement • Listening skills • Negotiation skills • Ability to adapt to many environments, wear many hat and interact group p of with a diverse g individuals • Leadership skills • Ethics • Passion for improvement, etc.


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Engineering VS Management ? Engineering Management

Engineering

• Problem terdefinisikan jelas • Sub-sistem material • Penuh dengan faktor/variable serba pasti • Asumsi A ib berlaku l k secara kontinyu • Data bisa dikembangkan baik • Keputusan diambil secara analitis 9/19/2011

Management

• Problem tidak bisa didefinisikan jelas • Sub-sistem manusia • Banyak berhadapan dengan f kt / i bl faktor/variable • Asumsi tidak berlaku kontinyu • Data base tidak lengkap • Keputusan lebih banyak diambil berdasarkan intuisi


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Role Differences Between Engineers and Managers (P. Morrison, “Making Managers of Engineers”, Journal of Management Engineering, Vol.2, No. 4, 1986)

Position 1. Focus 2. Decision Making

3. Involvement 4. Process Outcome 5. Effectiveness

p y 6. Dependency 7. Responsibility

8. Creativity 9. Bottom Line

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Engineer - More concerned with things technical/scientific. - Makes decision with much i f information, ti under d conditions diti off greater certainty. - Works on tasks and problem solving personally. - Work based on facts with quantifiable outcomes. - Depends on personal technical expertise, attention to detail, mathematical/technical problem solving and designing. - Experiences p role as autonomous. Individual accomplishment in one project, task, or problem at a time. - Creative with products, design, and materials. - Will it work?

Manager - More concerned with people. - Makes decision often with inadequate iinformation, f ti under d conditions diti off greater uncertainty. - Directs the work of others to goals. - Work based on fewer facts, less measurable outcomes. - Depends on interpersonal skills in communication, conflict management, getting ideas across, negotiating and Coaching. - Experiences p role as interdependent. p - Many objectives at once, requiring orchestrating a broad range of variables and organizational entities. - Creative with people and organizations - Will it make/save money for organization?


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Sains, Rekayasa & Teknik Industri Attributes

Sains

Obyek

Sistem Alamiah

Yang Dihasilkan

Teori/Pengetahuan

Ukuran Kinerja

Kebenaran

Ukuran Nilai Diawali/Diakhiri Dengan : Profesi 9/19/2011

(Natural)

Rekayasa

Teknik Industri

(General Engineering)

(Industrial Engineering)

Sistem Buatan

Sistem Integral

Produk/Proses

Nilai Tambah

Manfaat

(Mikro/Makro)

(Value Added)

(Benefits for Mankind)

Produktivitas, Efektivitas dan Efisiensi

Relatif

Kontekstual

Kebutuhan/Persoalan (Needs & Problems)

Kebutuhan/Persoalan (Needs & Problems)

Ilmuwan

Insinyur

(Scientist)

(Engineer)

Insinyur, Manager & Leader

Mutlak (absolute)

Keingin-Tahuan (Curiousity)


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Industri?

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What is Industry? INDUSTRY is the way of satisfying our needs and wants by using the basic resources of men, materials, and money

Goods

Services

Profit

Private Enterprise Free Enterprise Capitalism 9/19/2011

WE LIVE IN AN INDUSTRIAL WORLD Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo W.Soebroto

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Labor

Capital

Land Industri

….. industri adalah lokasi (tempat) dimana aktivitas produksi akan diselenggarakan ….. Aktivitas produksi …. sekumpulan aktivitas yang diperlukan untuk merubah satu kumpulan masukan (inputs) menjadi produk luaran akhir (finished goods output) yang memiliki nilai tambah 9/19/2011


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Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi Proses Produksi “Bl k Box” “Black B ”

Inputs

- Formulasi Problem yang Menjadi Tanggung-Jawab Profesi Teknik Industri - Proses Transformasi (Fisik & Non-Fisik) - Proses Nilai Tambah (Fungsi & Ekonomis)

Finished Goods Output

- Aktivitas Produktif >< Non-Produktif

Waste 9/19/2011


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Diagram Sistem Input-Output Proses Produksi Value Added (Functional & Economical)

Proses Produksi . Material . Human . Machines/ Equipment . Information . Energy

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Finished Goods Products

* Factory * Hospital * Bank/Insurance * Transportation/Distribution * Dan Lain-Lain

Services

Transformation Process (Fisik & Non-Fisik)

Waste, Defects, etc


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Type of Modern Industry ? Manufacturing Services & Consultation

Distribution & Transportation

Construction 9/19/2011

Communication & Pengantar Teknik Industri/Sritomo Information W.Soebroto

“Diagram Sistem Industri”

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Environment Standard Performance * Quality * Costs * Time Delivery

Proses Manajemen

. Material . Human . Machines/ Equipment . Information . Energy

Finished Goods Products

Proses Produksi

Services

Waste, Defects, etc 9/19/2011


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Aktivitas Produksi Ditinjau dari Proses Aliran Uang

Income

Dividends Tax

Long Term

M d l Kerja Modal K j

(Before Tax)

Capital Assets

(Working Capital)

Bhn Baku

Tenaga Energi Kerja

Informasi, dll

Capital (Depresiasi)

Proses Produksi/Operasional ((Proses Konversi Uang g Menjadi j Produk yang y g Memiliki Nilai Tambah)) Finished Goods Product

Proses Distribusi & Pemasaran/Penjualan (Proses Konversi Produk Menjadi Uang) 9/19/2011


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Where are your manufacturing costs hiding?

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Mass Production is the Key to Industrialization Eli Whitney – the father of mass production

Henry Ford developer of the “moving assembly line”

Interchangeable parts are exactly alike

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Produce more products in a shorter time period

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GNP (Gross National Product) A Device Used to Measure the Economic Output of a Country

Prices of

GOODS Produced

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Prices of

SERVICES = Provided


GNP

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PRODUCTIVITY The Goods and Services Produced by a Country

Productivity May Rise or Fall 9/19/2011


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Produktivitas, Unit Costs & Daya Saing P2

UC1

P

C

P1

UC2

t1 1997

9/19/2011

t2 2002

t1 1997


t2 2002

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Four Tasks of Industrial Management PLANNING Preparing the Future Objectives j and Goals of the Company

DIRECTING Supervising the Workers While They Carry Out the Objectives

CONTROLLING IInsuring i That Th t All O Operations ti and Activities Conform to the Plans

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ORGANIZING Deciding What Activities Must Be Done to Meet Established Objectives


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Seven Aspects of Successful Industry Tools and equipment to produce the product

Employees who use machines and materials to make the product

Management Manpower

Machines

Plan, Organize, Direct and Evaluate/Control Industrial Operations

ALL SEVEN ASPECTS ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT AND ESSENTIAL Markets

Processes used by employees to make the product

Where the product is sold by the industry

Buys y facilities & materials and pays employees

Materials Methods

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Money


Basics from which products are made 30

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Interaksi Proses Perancangan Produk, Proses Produksi, Proses Pemasaran dan Aspek Finansial

Fund Request

Finance Fi

Product Design

Marketing Customer Needs

Budgeting

R&D Engineering

Production/ Manufacturing 9/19/2011


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Pendekatan Business Process CIMOSA (Computer Integrated Manufacturing for Open System Architecture)

Manage Process S Di Set Direction i

S S Set Strategy

Di Direct B Business i

Core Business Process Develop Product/Service

Get Order

Fulfill Order

Support Product

Human Resources Management

Financial Accounting

Information Technology

Maintenance Management

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Support Process


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Pendekatan BP-Cimosa

Manage Process

Core Business Process

Support Process Support Process

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BP – CIMOSA CBP : Develop Product/Sevices • St Strategi t i perancangan dan d pengembangan b produk • Memahami pentingnya voice of customer dan menterjemahkannya ke dalam parameter parameter teknis dalam rancangan produk (QFD Methods). • Tahapan-tahapan perancangan produk dari tahap pencarian ide, konsep sampai dengan tahap komersialisasi. 9/19/2011


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BP – CIMOSA CBP : Get Order • Strategi pemasaran • Manajemen pemasaran • Sigi pasar sebagai bagian dari strategi pemasaran

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BP – CIMOSA CBP : Fulfill Order • Pengenalan berbagai macam proses dan sistem produksi • Teknik tata cara dan pengukuran kerja • Perencanaan fasilitas dan kapasitas produksi • Perencanaan dan pengendalian produksi/ operasional i l • Strategi perencanaan – Supply Chain • Teknik-teknik optimasi (operation research) 9/19/2011


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BP – CIMOSA CBP : Support Product • Customer service & satisfaction • Customer relation management

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BP – CIMOSA SP : Human Resources Management

• Organisasi dan management industri • Manajemen SDM

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BP – CIMOSA SP : Financial & Accounting • Analisa biaya • Analisa ekonomi teknik • Manajemen keuangan

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BP – CIMOSA SP : Information Technology • Peranan teknologi informasi dalam mendukung proses produksi • Strategi implementasi teknologi informasi di industri

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BP – CIMOSA SP : Maintenance Management • Peranan maintenance management dalam proses produksi • Reliability engineering • Implementasi maintenance management

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Tugas # 1 •

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan proses nilai tambah (added value) itu? Jelaskan dengan beberapa contoh (masing-masing minimal tiga) yang bisa dijumpai di sebuah industri manufaktur dan/atau jasa (service).

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Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan produktivitas itu? Apa kaitannya produktivitas sebuah negara dengan kemampuan daya saing yang bisa diberikan dalam konteks persaingan global? Jelaskan jawaban saudara. Bagaimana pengamatan saudara mengenai kemampuan daya saing industri nasional kita?

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Industrial & Management engineer is synonymous with systems integrator ( a big picture thinker, in other words). It’s an employee who takes what exists today and conceptualizes what exist in the future). Jelaskan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan kalimat tersebut diatas dan kompetensi apa yang bisa digunakan untuk mendukung peran tersebut diatas?

9/19/2011


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Instruksional Objective

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