THESIS
INDONESIAN IMPLICIT INFORMATION IN “SEPOTONG TUBUH” AND THEIR TRANSLATION IN “BODY”
Thesis as a fulfillment to obtain a Master Degree In Translation Studies, Postgraduate Program Udayana University
NI KADEK DWIYANI Reg. No. 0990161023
MASTER DEGREE PROGRAM STUDY PROGRAM OF LINGUISTICS POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2012
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis was approved on December 15th 2011
First Supervisor,
Second Supervisor,
Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A NIP. 19530107 198103 1 002
Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum NIP. 19521214 198601 1 001
Approved by
Head Master of Program in Linguistics Department Postgraduate Program,
Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suparwa, M.Hum NIP. 19620310 198503 1 005
Director of Postgradute Program Udayana University
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K) NIP. 19590215 198510 2 001
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This thesis has been examined by the Examining Board on December 15th 2011
The examiner committee according to the Decree of Rector of Udayana University, No: 2304/UN14.4/HK/2011, on December 7th 2011
Chairman
: Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A
Secretary
: Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum
Members
:
1. Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, M.A., Ph.D. 2. Prof. I Nengah Sudipa, M.A 3. I Nyoman Aryawibawa, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With the blessing of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, the Almighty God, the writing of this thesis can be completed as one of the requirements for obtaining a Master’s Degree in Applied Linguistics. I would like to extend my gratitude to many people, for their support, guidance and encouragement, both direct and indirect, to enable this thesis to be completed. In completing this thesis, I was supervised by Prof. Dr. Made Budiarsa, M.A. as my first supervisor and Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum. as my second supervisor. On this occasion I would like to express my sincere gratitude for all helpful guidance, support and encouragement given to me during the writing of this study. I would like also acknowledge the members of examiners Prof. Drs. Ketut Artawa, M.A., Ph.D, Prof. Dr. I Nengah Sudipa, M.A., and I Nyoman Aryawibawa, S.S., M.A., Ph.D., for their gentle corrections and suggestions that helped me to improve and revise this thesis. My gratitude extends to Prof. Dr.dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD (KHOM) as the Rector of Udayana University with all his staff and also to Prof. Dr.dr. A.A Raka Sudewi, Sp. S (K) as the Director of the Post Graduate Program of Udayana University, as well as to all her staff. I would like also to express my appreciation to Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Suparwa, M.Hum as the Head of Master Program of Linguistics
Udayana University with the staff, for being helpful during the
accomplishment of this thesis. I am also grateful to Prof. Drs. I Made Suastra,, Ph.D. as my academic Supervisor who has given me continuous encouragement that has enabled me to complete my study. The highest acknowledgement is dedicated to Prof. I Wayan Rai S, M.A., as the Rector of Indonesian Institute of the Arts Denpasar with the staff, Dra. Ni Made Rinu, M.Si, as the Dean of Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Indonesian Institut of the Arts Denpasar with the whole staff members for kindly support during the accomplishment of my study. A special thank you is dedicated to The v
Minister for National Education of Indonesian Republic,which has provides financial support in the form of a BPPS scholarship. I would also like to express my gratitude to all lectures who contributed meaningful suggestion and guidance during my study. To all colleagues, students of Master of Linguistics Studies, particularly those in Translation studies of 2009, especially to Liswahyuningsih, Dhiani, Novi (Moy), Okta, Devi, Eka Putrawan, Ade Dian, Ella, Dwi Purnawan, Merta, and Dian; thank you for helpful and encouraging during these remarkable two years. To Ida Ayu Oka Rusmini for your remarkable works, I Made Bendi, S.Sn., M.Sn, I Komang Arba Wirawan, S.Sn., M.Si, Ni Ketut Dewi Yulianti, S.S., M.Hum., Ni Ketut Dewi Febriyani ST., M.A., Asst.Prof. Paul Trinidad, and Eny Parinayanti, S.S., M.Hum. thank you for great motivation and support during the accomplishment of my study. My beloved parents, I Made Mandra, S.Pd and Ni Nyoman Sriani who have been supporting me morally and materially since the very beginning of my study. Last but not at all least, to my husband, dr. I Wayan Dediyana for all his encouragement, love and care, and my beloved children Devan Satya Nayandra. and Dayita Sachia Nayandra who become constant source of inspiration and spirit during my study. I do realize that this writing is far from being perfect but I do hope that what have been presented in this thesis will be worthwhile and of benefit to the development of the translation studies in applied linguistics post graduate program.
December 15th 2011
Ni Kadek Dwiyani
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ABSTRAK
Karya sastra seperti cerita pendek tidak dapat menghindari pemakaian informasi implisit, yang sepertinya tidak dapat diabaikan untuk membantu dalam membangun makna dari cerita pendek tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah mengenai penerjemahan cerita pendek “Sepotong Tubuh” dengan fokus penerjemahan informasi implisit yang digunakan dalam cerita pendek tersebut. Dalam menganalisa informasi implisit yang digunakan dalam cerita pendek tersebut, tema merupakan elemen yang tidak terhindarkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menentukan tipe informasi implisit dan pemetaannya dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran, (2) untuk menganalisa penerjemahan informasi implisit dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran Data penelitian diambil dari cerita pendek “Sepotong Tubuh” yang diterjemahkan menjadi “Body” dengan menggunakan teknik kualitatif terdiri dari 38 informasi implisit. Pemetaan jenis informasi implisit dilaksanakan berdasarkan teori informasi implisit oleh Beekman dan Callow (1984:48), teori majas bahasa oleh McArthur (1992) dan teori istilah budaya oleh Newmark (1998). Sedangkan, dalam menganalisis penerjemahan dan kesepadanan penerjemahan, teori yang digunakan adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Nida (2000) tentang teori equivalence dalam penerjemahan, Gutt (1996) mengenai teori yang berkaitan dengan strategi dalam penerjemahan informasi implisit dan juga teori prosedur dalam penerjemahan oleh Vinay dan Dalbernet (2000). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan informasi implisit yang ditemukan dalam studi ini meliputi informasi implisit linguistik dan informasi implisit budaya. Dalam penerjemahan informasi implisit dalam studi ini, penentuan tema cerita pendek yang digunakan dalam studi ini sangat penting untuk menganalisa makna implisit yang terkandung dalam informasi implisit yang juga didukung oleh pengetahuan akan perspektif budaya. Prosedur penerjemahan yang dipergunakan adalah literal, transposisi, borrowing, modulasi, equivalence, dan penggabungan antara borrowing dan modulasi. Masih banyak jenis-jenis informasi implisit yang bisa dianalisa pada cerita pendek ini, seperti kalimat kompleks, struktur tata bahasa, ambigu, dll. Oleh karena itu, penelitian-penelitian lain sangat dibutuhkan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis informasi implisit tersebut untuk lebih meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis informasi implisit, khususnya dalam karya sastra.
Kata Kunci: Penerjemahan, , Informasi Implisit, Prosedur Penerjemahan
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ABSTRACT
A literary work such as a short story almost unavoidably contains implicit information, which seems to be indispensable in helping to develop the meaning of the short story. This present study deals with the translation of the short story “Sepotong Tubuh” with the focus on the translation of the implicit information used in it. In analyzing the implicit information used in the short story, theme becomes indispensable. The aims of the study are: (1) to determine and explain the mapping of implicit information from the SL into the TL (2) and to explain the translation of implicit information the SL short story into the TL short story is carried out by the translator. The data were taken from the short story “Sepotong Tubuh” as translated into “Body” by using qualitative techniques consisting of 38 implicit information. The mapping of implicit information types were carried out based on implicit information theory (Beekman and Callow, 1984:48) theory of figurative language by McArthur (1992), and Cultural term theory by Newmark (1998). Meanwhile, in the analysis of implicit information translation was done based on the combination of several theories; Nida (2000) about theory of equivalence, Gutt (1996) about theory of strategies in translating implicit information, and also theory of translation procedures by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000). This study concluded that the types of implicit information found in this study are linguistically implicit information and culturally implicit information. The theme of the short story used in this study is very important in making the interpretation of implied meaning carried by the implicit information which also supported with shared knowledge of cultural point of view. The translation procedures adopted in this study are literal, transposition, borrowing, modulation, equivalence and the mixture of borrowing-modulation. There were still many types of implicit information that can be analysed in this short story, such as complex sentence, grammatical structure, ambiguity, etc. Therefore, other researchers are very much needed to analyze those types in order to develop the knowledge in analyzing implicit information, specifically those which is found in literary texts. Key words: Translation, Implicit Information, Translation Procedures
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
INSIDE COVER.......................................................................................................
i
PREREQUISITE TITLE ..........................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL SHEET ...............................................................................................
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THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .............................................................................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................
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ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................
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ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................
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TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................
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LIST OF FIGURE ...................................................................................................
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ......................................................................
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LIST OF APPENDICES ..........................................................................................
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CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................
1
1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................
1
1.3 Objectives of Study ............................................................................................
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1.3.1 General objective ............................................................................................
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1.3.2 Specific objective ............................................................................................
5
1.4 Significance of Study .........................................................................................
5
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CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH MODEL
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2.1 Literature Review ..............................................................................................
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2.2 Concepts ...........................................................................................................
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2.2.1 Translation ......................................................................................................
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2.2.2 Implicit Information ........................................................................................
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2.2.3 Linguistically Implicit Information (LII) .........................................................
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2.2.4 Culturally Implicit Information (CII) ...............................................................
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2.2.5 Sense and Reference ........................................................................................
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2.3 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................
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2.3.1 Theory of Equivalence in Translation ..............................................................
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2.3.2 Strategies in Translating Implicit Information ..................................................
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2.3.3. Translation Procedures ....................................................................................
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2.4 Research Model .................................................................................................
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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ...................................................................
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3.1 Research Approach ...........................................................................................
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3.2 Data Source .......................................................................................................
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3.3 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .........................................................
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3.4 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................................
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3.5 Method and Technique of Presenting the Analysis .............................................
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CHAPTER IV. INDONESIAN IMPLICIT INFORMATION IN “SEPOTONG TUBUH”WITH THEIR TRANSLATION IN “BODY” ....................
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4.1 The Categories of Implicit Information in “Sepotong Tubuh” with Their Translation into “Body” ..........................................................................................
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4.1.1 Linguistically Implicit Information (LII) ..........................................................
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4.1.1.1 LII Expressing Euphemism ...........................................................................
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4.1.1. 2 LII Expressing Hyperbole ...........................................................................
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4.1.1.3 LII Expressing Simile ....................................................................................
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4.1.1.4 LII Expressing Personification ......................................................................
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4.1.1.5 LII Expressing Sarcasm ................................................................................
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4.1.2 Culturally Implicit Information (CII) ................................................................
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4.1.2.1 CII Expressing Ecology Term ......................................................................
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4.1.2.2 CII Expressing Material Culture Term ..........................................................
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4.1.2.3 CII Expressing Social Organization Term......................................................
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4.1.2.4 CII Expressing Gesture and Habit Term .......................................................
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4.2. Factors Determine the Translation of Indonesian Implicit Information ..............
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4.2. 1 Linguistic Differences .....................................................................................
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4.2. 2. Cultural Differences .......................................................................................
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4.2.3 Translator Preference .......................................................................................
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CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..............................................
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5.1 Conclusion .........................................................................................................
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5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................................................
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................
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APPENDICES .........................................................................................................
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page 2.1 Research Model……………………………………………………….. 26
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
Abbreviations SL
: Source Language
TL
: Target Language
D-E
: Dynamic Equivalent
F-E
: Formal Equivalent
LII
: Linguistically Implicit Information
CII
: Culturally Implicit Information
Symbols Translated into :
Translated into
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LIST OF APPENDIX
Page Appendix 1
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