IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH GUIDED QUESTIONS (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2013/2014)
By UMI NAINI IKHDA NIM 201032085
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2014
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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH GUIDED QUESTIONS (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2013/2014)
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus In a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program In the Department of English Education
By UMI NAINI IKHDA NIM 201032085
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2014
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO Do the best if you can do it. Teachers open the door but you must enter by yourself. Think carefully, act quickly and think deeply
DEDICATION This Skripsi dedicated to: Her beloved mother (Sukarni), father (Ahmadi), brother (M.Ronzi) who always pray for her success. Her beloved boyfriend (Nasrur R) who always support her. Her bestfriends; Oktia Kurniawati, Aulia Fatwa .A.. and all my bestfriend who always support and motivate her.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT who always blessed and guides her along the way. Praise to Allah the Lord of the world for blessing given to her during her study and completing her final project entitled “Improving Students’ Writing Skill of Descriptive Text Through Guided Questions (A Classroom Action Research at The Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2013/2014)”. Peace and blessing be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his companions and his followers. The writer realizes that this skripsi would never be complete without assistance of others. The writer realizes that this skripsi will never be completed without assistancing from others. The writer would like to express her sincerest appreciation and deepest gratitude to: 1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 2. Diah Kurniati, M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University and as the first advisor for the valuable guidance and advice. 3. Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd as the second advisor who has already given his valuable input and suggestion in writing this skripsi. 4. The headmaster of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak, Drs. Purnomo for giving his permission to conduct the research.
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The English teacher at SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak, Mrs. Indun Wardani who has shared her knowledge and her ideas to help me.
6. Her beloved father and mother who always love her, give her spirit and pray for her success.
Kudus, July 2014
The Writer
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ABSTRACT Ikhda, Umi Naini. 2014. Improving Students’ Writing Skill of Descriptive Text Through Guided Questions (A Classroom Action Research at The Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in Academic Year 2013/2014) Skripsi: English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd. Key word: Writing Ability, Descriptive Text and Guided Questions. Writing is an activity to express idea, thoughts or even experiences of the form of paragraph. It is one of the skills which must be taught to the students of Senior High School. One of the basic competencies that should be achieved in the writing English subject in the X grade is that the students have ability to produce written descriptive text. The fact shows that the students find difficulties in writing. They cannot construct sentence well because they think writing is a difficult thing to do. Teaching technique has been used in this research to improve the writing ability of the students. Guided Questions technique is a technique which can help the students to improve their writing ability. The objectives of this research is to find out whether guided questions can improve students’ writing skill of descriptive text at the tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in academic year 2013/2014. This research is a classroom action research (CAR). In cycle 1 of CAR consists of 4 steps; planning, acting, observing, and reflection. The subject of this research is the eighth grade students of SMAN1 Karanganyar Demak class X MS3 consists of 30 students. In this research, the writer uses two instruments; test and observation sheet. After doing cycle 2, the writer found improvement of students’ writing ability and students’ response from each cycle. In the cycle 1, the students’ average score of was 70.53. In the cycle 2, the students’ average score was 78.33. In the cycle I, there were 10 students passed the KKM and in the cycle 2, only 1 student did not pass the KKM. Furthermore, from the observation sheet there was improvement the students’ response in each cycle. In the cycle 1, the students’ response was good enough, some of them were still confused. In cycle 2, the students’ response was better than cycle 1, the looked enthusiastic in teaching and learning process. So, from this research, the writer can conclude that Guided Questions technique can improve the writing ability of descriptive text of the tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in academic year 2013/2014. The Writer has suggestion that English teachers are advised to use Guided Questions in teaching writing descriptive text, because it is proved that this technique can improve the students’ achievement in writing. The technique also can help the students to express their ideas and help them construct a sentence. The teacher to be more creative in teaching writing.
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ABSTRAK Ikhda, Umi Naini. 2014. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menulis Teks Deskriptif Melalui Guided Questions(Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Untuk Siswa Kelas Sepuluh SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak Tahun Akademik 2013/2014). Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. Advisors : (i) Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd. Kata kunci : Kemampuan Menulis, Teks Deskriptif, dan Teknik Guided Questions. Menulis adalah suatu kegiatan mengungkapkan ide, pikiran atau bahkan pengalaman ke dalam bentuk paragraph. Ini adalah salah satu skill yang harus diajarkan untuk siswa – siwa di SMA. Salah satu kompetensi dasar yang harus dicapai dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas X yaitu siswa mampu menulis teks deskriptif. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis. Mereka tidak bisa menyusun kalimat dengan baik karena mereka berpikir menulis adalah hal yang sulit untuk dilakukan. Teknik mengajar telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa. Teknik Guided Questions adalah teknik yang dapat membantu siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Guided dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dari teks deskriptif pada siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak pada Tahun Akademik 2013/2014. Penelitian ini adalah sebua Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pada siklus 1 PTK terdiri dari 4 langkah; perencanaan, tindakan, mengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X kelas SMAN1 Karanganyar Demak X MS3 terdiri dari 30 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua instrumen; tes dan lembar observasi. Setelah melakukan siklus 2, penulis menemukan peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam responnya dari setiap siklus. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 70,53. Pada siklus 2, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 78,33. Pada siklus I, ada 10 siswa lulus KKM dan pada siklus 2, hanya 1 siswa tidak lulus KKM. Selanjutnya, dari lembar observasi ada peningkatan respon siswa pada setiap siklus. Pada siklus I, respon siswa cukup baik, beberapa dari mereka masih bingung. Pada siklus 2, respon siswa lebih baik dari siklus 1, tampak antusias dalam proses belajar mengajar. Jadi, dari penelitian ini, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa teknik Guided Questions dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif kelas X SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak pada tahun akademik 2013/2014.
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Penulis mempunyai saran Guru bahasa Inggris disarankan untuk menggunakan Guided Questions dalam mengajar menulis teks deskriptif, karena terbukti bahwa teknik ini dapat meningkatkan prestasi siswa dalam menulis. Teknik ini juga dapat membantu siswa untuk mengekspresikan ide-ide mereka dan membantu mereka menyusun kalimat. Guru lebih kreatif dalam mengajar menulis.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER ........................................................................................................... i PAGE OF LOGO ........................................................................................... ii PAGE OF TITLE ........................................................................................... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... iv ADVISORS’APPROVAL ............................................................................. v EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ......................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xvi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xvii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Research .......................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................... 3 1.3. Objective of the Research .............................................................................. 3 1.4. Significance of the Research .......................................................................... 3 1.5. Scope of the Research .................................................................................... 4 1.6. Operational Definition ................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW
OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
AND
HYPOTHESIS 2.1. Teaching English in SMAN 1 KaranganyarDemak ....................................... 6 2.1.1 The Material of Teaching English in SMAN 1 KaranganyarDemak ........... 7 2.2 Writing Skill .................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 The Purpose of Writing ................................................................................ 8 2.2.2 The Characteristic of Good Writing ............................................................. 9 2.2.3 The Forms of Writing................................................................................... 9
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2.2.4 The Process of Writing ................................................................................ 11 2.3 Descriptive Text .............................................................................................. 13 2.3.1 The Definition of Descriptive Text .............................................................. 13 2.3.2 The Generic Structure of descriptive Text ................................................... 13 2.3.3 Guides Line in Writing Descriptive Text ..................................................... 14 2.4 Guided Questions ............................................................................................ 15 2.4.1 The Definition of Guided Questions ............................................................ 15 2.4.2 The Purpose of using Guided Questions ...................................................... 17 2.4.3 The Steps of Teaching Writing Descriptive Text Using Guided Questions .............................................................................. 17 2.5 Review of Previous Research.......................................................................... 17 2.6 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 19 2.7 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1Setting and Characteristic of Research Subject ............................................... 21 3.2 Variable of Research ....................................................................................... 21 3.3 Design of Research ......................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Planning ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Action ........................................................................................................... 23 3.3.3 Observation .................................................................................................. 23 3.3.4 Analysis and Reflection ............................................................................... 24 3.4 Procedure of the Research ............................................................................... 24 3.5 Data analysis ................................................................................................... 25
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS OF RESEARCH 4.1 Pre-Cycle ......................................................................................................... 29 4.2 The Improvement of Writing Skill in Descriptive Text at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 KaranganyarDemak by Using Guided Questions .......................... 29 4.2.1The Result of Cycle I .................................................................................... 29 4.2.2Plan................................................................................................................ 30 4.2.3Action ............................................................................................................ 31 4.2.4 Observation ................................................................................................ 32 4.2.5 Reflection ................................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 The Result of Cycle II .................................................................................. 39 4.2.2.1 Plan............................................................................................................ 39 4.2.2.2 Action ........................................................................................................ 40 4.2.2.3 Observation ............................................................................................... 41 4.2.2.4 Reflection .................................................................................................. 48 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 49 CHAPTER VICONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 53 6.2 Suggestion ....................................................................................................... 55 REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 56
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LIST OF TABLE
2.3.2 The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text .................................................. 14 3.5 Table of scoring writing skill ......................................................................... 25 4.1 The Observation Sheet Teacher and Students Activities Using Guided Question to Improve the Writing Ability in Descriptive Text at Tenth Grade Students of SMA N 1 KaranganyarDemak in Academic Year 2013/2014 in cycle 1 ................................................................................................................... 31 4.2
Score of the Students’ Writing Ability Test at Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 KaranganyarDemak in Academic Year 2013/2014 by Using Guided Questions (Cycle1) ......................................................................................... 35
4.3 Criteria of Scoring for the Students’ Writing Ability .................................... 36 4.4
The Observation Sheet Teacher and Students Activities Using Guided Question to Improve the Writing Ability in Descriptive Text at Tenth Grade Students of SMA N 1 KaranganyarDemak in Academic Year 2013/2014 in cycle 2 ............................................................................................................ 41
4.5 Score of the Students’ Writing Ability Test at Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 1 KaranganyarDemak in Academic Year 2013/2014 by Using Guided Questions (Cycle2)......................................................................................... 45 4.6 Criteria of Scoring for the Students’ Writing Ability ..................................... 46
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LIST OF FIGURES 3.3 Cyclical ARmodel based onKemmis and Mc Taggart (1988) ........................ 22
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LIST OF APENDICES 1. The Syllabus of SMAN 1 Karanganyar Demak in academic year 2013/2014 2. Lesson Plan 3. Students’ Worksheet 4. Observation Sheet of Teacher and Students’ Activities 5. Students’ Scoring 6. Penetapan Pembimbing Skripsi 7. Permohonan Ijin Penelitian 8. Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian 9. Statement 10. Keterangan Selesei Bimbingan 11. Berita Acara Bimbingan
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