Iman Kristen 1
ALKITAB Mangatas SM Manalu
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The Bible Ibrani 4:12 Sebab Firman Allah hidup dan kuat dan lebih tajam dari pedang bermata dua manapun; ia menusuk amat dalam sampai memisah jiwa dan roh, sendi-sendi dan sumsum; ia sanggup membedakan pertimbangan dan pikiran hati kita.
Penuntun belajar Alkitab • Yang kami tuliskan disini hanya garis besar / ikhtisar tentang The Bible / Alkitab • Berdoalah sebelum membaca dan merenungkannya. Roh Kudus akan mengajar anda (Yoh 14:26; Ef 1:17; Flp 1:19; 1 Yoh 2:27). • Silahkan tarik kesimpulannya. Percayalah Roh Kudus selalu menyertai orang yang telah dibaptis air dan telah lahir kembali. • Mintalah agar Roh Kudus menuliskan dan memeteraikannya dalam hati anda, serta pimpin dan kuatkan dalam melakukannya. • Mintalah bimbingan Pendeta / Gembala gereja anda
The Bible: A Unique Book 1. Being the only one; 2. Being without a like or equal; 3. Very rare or uncommon book” Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary Mangatas SM Manalu
[email protected] 0813 1592 4953
The Bible Yohanes 1:1,14 1.
Pada mulanya adalah Firman; Firman itu bersatu dengan Allah dan Firman itu adalah Allah. 14. Firman itu telah menjadi manusia dan diam diantara kita, dan kita telah melihat kemuliaan-Nya, yaitu kemuliaan yang diberikan kepada-Nya sebagai Anak Tunggal Bapa, penuh kasih karunia dan kebenaran
A. Unik dalam kesatuannya (I) • •
Ditulis dalam jangka waktu 1600 tahun Ditulis oleh lebih dari 40 penulis dengan profesi yang berbeda-beda (Raja, nabi, bartender, tabib, pemimpin militer, nelayan, penyair, gembala/peternak, saudagar)
• Ditulis di tempat, situasi, waktu dan suasana emosi yg berbeda (saat perang/damai), (di istana, di padang rumput, di gunung), (merdeka/terjajah), (gembira/menderita), (keraguan/keyakinan)
• Ditulis di / mengisahkan 3 benua (Asia, Afrika, Eropa)
• Dalam 3 bahasa
(Ibrani, Aramaik, Yunani)
Unik dalam kesatuannya (II) • Ditulis dalam bentuk/cara penulisan yang berbeda (sejarah, puisi, lirik lagu, surat pribadi, kumpulan hukum/aturan, nubuatan)
• Menyangkut berbagai subyek/orang yang kisah hidupnya dpt menyebabkan berbagai pendapat berbeda & kontroversi dari para pembacanya (perzinahan/homoseksualitas/masturbasi & kesucian; kekuasaan/kekejaman & kebaikan; dusta & kejujuran; pengasuhan anak & penghormatan orang tua, nubuatan, dll) tetapi tetap dengan keharmonisan kesatuan
• Selain hal-hal tsb, keunikan Alkitab ialah menceritakan satu kisah yang sama :
BELAS KASIHAN ALLAH TERHADAP UMAT MANUSIA (Kej 3:15; Yoh 3:16; 2 Pet 3:9)
2 Timotius 3:16,17 16. “Segala
tulisan yang diilhamkan Allah memang bermanfaat untuk mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, untuk memperbaiki kelakuan dan untuk mendidik orang dalam kebenaran 17. Dengan demikian tiaptiap manusia kepunyaan Allah diperlengkapi untuk setiap
perbuatan baik”.
2 Petrus 1:20,21 20
Yang terutama harus kamu ketahui, ialah bahwa nubuat-nubuat dalam kitab suci tidak boleh ditafsirkan menurut kehendak sendiri. 21 Sebab tidak pernah nubuat dihasilkan oleh kehendak manusia, tetapi oleh dorongan Roh Kudus orang-orang berbicara atas nama Allah.
B. Unik dalam pengajaran (I) • Ilmu Pengetahuan (Yes 40:22) • Taktik militer (Hak 7; Yos 2 & 3; 2 Sam 5:22-25) • Nasihat untuk keseharian hidup (Amsal, Pengkhotbah) • Nubuatan Tidak ada satu kitabpun yang menyampaikan secara spesifik dan terinci tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang akan terjadi didunia, keadaan zaman, kondisi suatu bangsa dan umat manusia atau datangnya seorang Juru Selamat (Mesias) dan cara berakhirnya/kesudahan dunia (Kej 3:15; Maz 22=Mat 27:46; Dan 7 & 8; Mat 24; 2 Tim 3:1-7 )
- Belum ada nubuatan yg tanpa syarat tertentu yang tidak terpenuhi/terjadi - Nubuatan diawasi langsung oleh Allah (Ulangan 18:20-22)
Nubuatan (lanjutan) • Mikha menubuatkan kelahiran Mesias di Betlehem > 700 tahun sebelum terjadinya (Mikha 5:2) • Yesaya menubuatkan bahwa sang Imanuel akan dikandung oleh seorang perempuan muda, ± 750 tahun sebelum terjadinya hal tsb (Yesaya 7:14) • Yesaya menubuatkan bahwa sang Juru Selamat harus menderita menanggung dosa (Yes 53) • Zakharia menubuatkan bahwa Sang Raja, adil dan jaya, lemah lembut, dan menunggang keledai muda. Mesias itu berasal dari keturunan Daud yang akan menderita, tertikam di Yerusalem (Zak 9:9,10; 12:10)
B. Unik dalam pengajaran (II) • Sejarah Sejarah Israel dalam Perjanjian Lama dilukiskan dengan sangat detil, akurat dan sahih (dapat di periksa kembali)
Jewish History Archeologist William F. Albright:
“Hebrew national tradition excels all others in its clear picture of tribal anf family origins. In Egypt and Babylonia, in Assyria and Phoenicia, In Greece and Rome, we look in vain for anything comparable. There is nothing like it in the tradition of the Germanic peoples. Neither India or China can produce anything similar…” (as quoted by Lewis Finkelstein, editor of The Jews, Their History, Culture, and Religion, 3)
Table of Nations ((silsilah silsilah Yahudi Yahudi)) Concerning the reliability of the “Table of Nations” in Genesis 10; William F. Albright:
“It stands absolutely alone in ancient literature without a remote parallel even among the Greeks … ‘The Table of Nations’ remains an astonishingly accurate document.” (Recent Discoveries in Bible Lands, 70-72) - Penemuan kendi, tembikar di laut Teberau (Exodus) - Penemuan kafan Yesus (disimpan di musium Turin di Italia)
C. Unik dalam pengajaran • Karakter Alkitab : JUJUR - Alkitab terfokus pada kenyataan, bukan fantasi, bahkan orang baik seperti Abraham (bapak orang beriman), dibeberkan kesalahannya (Kej 12:11-13) -Kesalahan nenek moyang suku2 Israel juga dibeberkan (Kej 49:5-7)
- Perzinahan Daud dgn Batsyeba (2 Samuel 11 & 12)
- Incest antara Lot dgn putrinya (Kej 19:32-35) Kekerasan hati Israel (bangsa pilihan Allah) yang memberontak terus terhadap Allah (Kel 32) - Kesalahan pada jemaat gereja (1 Kor 1:11; 15:12) - Kekurangpercayaan murid Yesus terhadapNya -
(Mat. 8:23-26; 26:31-56; Mark 6:52; 8:18; Luk 8:24,25; 9:40-45; Yoh 10:6)
Keunikan lain dari Alkitab d. Unik dalam sirkulasinya Buku yang terbanyak beredar di dunia (milyaran).
e. Unik dalam penterjemahannya Lebih dari 2,200 bahasa (menjangkau > 90% populasi dunia).
f. Unik dalam bukti pendukungnya. Dibandingkan dengan naskah2 kuno lainnya, Alkitab memiliki lebih banyak bukti2 tertulis yang mendukungnya dibanding naskah2 kuno lainnya. lainnya
Bukti-bukti ilmiah lain kebenaran Alkitab
Prism of Sennacherib • Prism found at an excavation in what is now Mossul, Iraq in the early 1900’s • Six sided clay prism, 6 columns with 500 lines of writing on each column • Created around 689 B.C., chronicle of the war campaigns of Sennacherib, King of Assyria • Campaign against Hezekiah in 701 B.C. • Siege of Jerusalem
2 Kings 18:13-14 13. And
in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them. 14. Then Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria at Lachish, saying, "I have done wrong; turn away from me; whatever you impose on me I will pay." And the king of Assyria assessed Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.
2 Kings 19:32-34 32. Therefore
thus says the LORD concerning the king of Assyria: “He shall not come into this city, [Jerusalem] Nor shoot an arrow there, Nor come before it with shield, Nor build a siege mound against it. 33. By the way that he came, By the same shall he return; And he shall not come into this city,” Says the LORD. 34. “For I will defend this city, to save it For My own sake and for My servant David's sake.”
Prism of Sennacherib : As to Hezekiah, the Jew, he did not submit to my yoke, I laid siege to his strong cities, walled forts, and countless small villages, and conquered them by means of well-stamped earth-ramps and battering-rams brought near the walls with an attack by foot soldiers, using mines, breeches as well as trenches…
Prism of Sennacherib : …Himself I made a prisoner in Jerusalem, Jerusalem his royal residence, like a bird in a cage. I surrounded him with earthwork in order to molest those who were his city's gate. Thus I reduced his country, but I still increased the tribute and the presents to me as overlord which I imposed upon him beyond the former tribute, to be delivered annually. Hezekiah himself, did send me, later, to Nineveh, my lordly city, together with 30 talents of gold, 300 talents of silver… silver
Prism of Sennacherib • Corroboration: Corroboration – Fortified cities were destroyed – Jerusalem under siege – City Spared – Tribute exacted (with very similar amounts noted in both sources) • Of course, we can’t expect Sennacherib in his annals to admit to the fact that 185,000 of his troops were destroyed in a night (Kings20:35-37) After all, it is his annals, from his perspective.
Pontius Pilate Marker • Discovered in 1961 in Caesarea, the Roman capitol of Judea during the time of Christ • Picture is of a replica stone located at the site in Caesarea • Only non-biblical evidence of his reign as governor of Judea (Previous to this discovery, some scholars denied his existence) • Second line “IVS PILATVS” (Pontius Pilatus) • 1st line: Emperor Tiberius; 3rd line: Prefect of Judea
The Manuscripts • Bible written over a span of centuries by approximately 40 different authors • Manuscripts are copies of the Bible text written by hand before the invention of the printing press in 1450 A.D. • A study of textual criticism reveals the tremendous (quality & quantity) documentation we have of the Bible text
Dead Wrong on the Dead Sea Scrolls • Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947. • There are no writings about Jesus in the scrolls – No Gospels • The scrolls found at Qumran are copies of Old Testament books and the writings of the sectarian Jewish group who lived there • Most all of the writings were written > before Christianity
The Manuscripts • There are fragments of New Testament text that date back to the lifetime of the apostles, or shortly thereafter. • An entire New Testament (Codex Sinaiticus) in Mt Sinai dates back to 350 A.D.
The Manuscripts • The sheer quantity of manuscripts point to the accuracy of the Bible text • N.T. alone, we have 80 papyrus manuscripts; over 3,000 parchment manuscripts • Comparison: Annals of Tacitus (who lived in A.D. 55-120) we have only one extant manuscript copy, dated approximately 1070 A.D.
The Manuscripts • A Comparison (Numbers) – Caesar’s Gallic Wars (10 manuscripts) – Annals of Tacitus (1 manuscript) – Livy (20); Plato (7); Sophocles (100)
• A Comparison (Dates of Earliest Man) – Histories of Thucydides (1300 years removed) – Histories of Herodotus (1350 years removed) – Caesar’s “Gallic War” (950 years removed) – Livy (a fragment, 350 years removed) – Histories of Tacitus (900 years removed) – Annals of Tacitus (950 years removed)
The Manuscripts: Conclusion • The Bible, (Old and New Testaments), is the best documented of all the ancient books • The Jewish scribes were amazingly careful in their treatment of the Hebrew text • The sheer number of Greek manuscripts ensure that any significant errors (variant readings) are easily weeded out. (Reference: Neil Lightfoot “How We Got the Bible”)
• Logic demands that a God who would inspire the text would also preserve it.
The Historical Jesus • First, the Bible itself must be recognized as an extremely reliable historical source of history in the first century. • It is a mistake to disregard the Bible record of a man named Jesus • There are two other well known historical references to Jesus (Josephus & Tacitus) – Flavius Josephus (Jewish Historian 37-101 A.D.) – Gaius Cornelius Tacitus (Roman Historian 55-117 A.D.)
Flavius Josephus (37 AD) At that time lived Jesus, a wise man, if he may be called a man; for he performed many wonderful works. He was a teacher of such men as received the truth with pleasure. . . And when Pilate, at the instigation of the chief men among us, had condemned him to the cross, they who before had conceived an affection for him did not cease to adhere to him. For on the third day he appeared to them alive again, the divine prophets having foretold these and many other wonderful things concerning him. And the sect of the Christians, so called from him, subsists at this time. (Antiquities, Book 18, Chapter 3, Section 1).
Gaius Cornelius Tacitus (52 AD) …Nero procured others to be accused, and inflicted exquisite punishment upon those people, who were in abhorrence for their crimes, and were commonly known by the name of Christians. They had their denomination from Christos (Christ), who in the reign of Tiberius was put to death as a criminal by the procurator Pontius Pilate … At first they were only apprehended who confessed themselves of that sect; afterwards a vast multitude discovered by them, all of which were condemned, not so much for the crime of burning the city, as for their enmity to mankind…" (Tacitus, Annals, 15, 44).
Kesimpulan • Alkitab adalah buku yang unik, tidak ada buku lain yg menyamainya • Alkitab adalah buku yang lengkap, berisi : sejarah, puisi, lagu, ilmu, hukum, etika, moral, nasihat, bisnis, nubuatan, pengajaran, taktik militer, mujizat, dll. • Alkitab merupakan suatu kesatuan karena ditulis dngan ilham Roh Kudus Allah, melalui berbagai karakter penulisnya. • Alkitab bersifat jujur serta melukiskan kasih dan kesetiaan Allah pada manusia
Kesimpulan • Bukti-bukti sejarah (tulisan & benda sejarah) mendukung keotentikan Alkitab • Alkitab jelas berasal dari Tuhan karena mampu mengemukakan nubuatan2 yang menjadi kenyataan & berisi berbagai ilmu yang belum terbayangkan oleh manusia pada saat itu, yang akhirnya terbukti benar. • Data-data Alkitab ternyata akurat • Terlebih dari itu semua, Alkitab adalah Firman Allah yang memiliki kekuatanNya, untuk penyelamatan manusia (Rm 1:16) Bacalah Maz 1:1-3; Yos 1:8; Maz 119
“Tetapi carilah dahulu Kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya, maka semuanya itu akan ditambahkan kepadamu” (Matius 6:33)
Matius 10:42 “...Dan barangsiapa memberi air sejuk secangkir saja pun kepada salah seorang yang kecil ini, karena ia murid-Ku, Aku bekata kepadamu: Sesungguhnya ia tidak akan kehilangan upahnya daripadanya”.
Untuk menguji sesuatu apakah dari Allah atau bukan (1 Thessalonians 5:21; Ephesians 5:10) (a) The Fellowship Test (1 Corinthians 1:9) (b) The Liberty Test (Galatians 5:13) (c) The Peace Test (1 Corinthians 7:15; Colossians 3:15) (d) The Life Test (1 Timothy 6:12) (e) The Holiness Test (1 Thessalonians 4:7; 1 Jn 4:1-6) (f) The Blessing Test (1 Peter 3:9) (g) The Suffering Test (1 Peter 2:20,21) 2:20,21 (h) The Fruit test / event-after test (Matthew 7:15-20) (i) The Spirit Test (1 John 4:2,3; 1 Corinthians 12:3) Most importantly, does it agree with the overall counsel of God‘s Word (Psalm 19:8-13) & Glorify Him (Psalm 138:2,3)
Bagaimana cara untuk diselamatkan? • Percaya Allah, Yesus Kristus dan Roh Kudus : Kej 1:1,26; Kel 3:14; Yoh 14:6-14,26; Mat 28:18-20 Î BAPTIS
• Harus akui Yesus sebagai Tuhan dan sebagai Juru Selamat Pribadi kita, yg telah mati disalibkan utk menebus segala dosa, yang telah bangkit agar kita dapat diselamatkan : Rm 10:9,10; Ef 2:5,6; Luk 23:33-49; Yoh 1:12; 1 Yoh 1:7; Rm 5:8; Ibr 9:11-22; 22 2 Tes 1:8,9; 2 Kor 5:10; Gal 4:4,5
• Lahir kembali : akui segala dosa, undang Yesus Kristus kedalam hatimu sebagai Tuhan & Juru Selamat pribadimu, serahkan seluruh hidupmu pada-Nya : Yoh 3:1-21; Why 3:20
Î Doa Khusus (hubungi pendeta & gerejamu)
Shalom • Tulisan ini diberikan secara cuma-cuma • Jika anda ingin membantunya dapat mengirim ke Rek BCA a/n Mangatas SM acc/ 436 14 34 611 • Jika anda belum dapat membantu, kami tetap akan memberikan penuntun P.A ini secara cuma-cuma kepada anda. • Bila anda mengirim alamat e mail anda, maka dalam 1 x/minggu akan kami kirim file pdf dari tulisan-tulisan kami secara cuma-cuma. • Silahkan meneruskan / mem-forward file pdf tersebut kepada saudara-saudara kita, para kekasih Kristus. • Kami mohon doa anda agar Tuhan Yesus Kristus memenuhi segala kebutuhan pelayanan penyebaran InjilNya (Mat 10:8b). • Lord Jesus Bless you and your Family
