H E lyER%$OF WEST TIMOR EAST N U S R TENGGARA
MARIA TEWESIA LONGA RLJMA BIOIOG! - 99433
"THE POST GRADCJATE PROGRAM BCrGCaR INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE 2802
TUHAN DEICAT PADA SETIAP ORANG YANG EERSERU ICEPADA-NYA, PADA SETlAP ORANG YANG EERSERU ICEPADA-NYA DALAM ICESETIAAN
THE FERN OF VdEST TIMOR EAST NUSA WFdGGARA
i.ME POST GRADUATE PRQC2RAiV BCjGQR iNSTKTIISTE OF AGR!Ci=U%.TURE
ABSTRACT The study on Pteridophytes in West Timor was conducted in January to September 2001. The identification of collected specimen and cytological observation were perfomed in Herbarium Bogoriense Bogor. The objectives are to make an inventory to the pteridophytes species and their distribution on different ecosystem types. Based on this study there are 58 species belonging to 36 genera. They are Achrosticum (1 species), Adiantum (5 species), Amphineuron (3 species), Asplenium (4 species), Athyrium (1 species), Belvisia (1 species), Botrycium (1 species), Ceratopteris (1 species), Christella (4 species), Ctenitis (1 species), Ctenopteris (1 species), Cyathea (1 species), Davallia (2 species), Dennstaedtia (1 species), Diplazium (2 species), Doryopteris (1 species), Drynaria (2 species), Dryopteris (1 species), Gleichenia (1 species), Heterogoniurn (1 species), Humata (1 species), Lycopodium (1 species), Microlepia (1 species), Microsorium (1 species), Nehprolepis (2 species), Oleandra (1 species), Platycerium (1 species), Pleocnemia (1 species), Pteris (5 species), Pyrrosia (1 species), Sellaginela (1 species), Selliguea (1 species), Sphaerostephanos (2 species), Tectaria (1 species), Trichomanes (1 species), and Vittaria (1 species). There are various fiecquency distribution patterns of fern species in West Timor which are depended on their ecosystem. The savanna ecosystem has a lower number of species (12 species), and the mixed tropical monsoon forest ecosystem (26 species), and montane ecosystem (30 species) have higher number species of fern. Cytological observation show that, at West Timor there are no different on chromosome number in different ecosystem types. Based on cytological study from eight species show that Adiantum cuneatum 2n = 60; Christella parasitica 2n = 140; Drynaria sparsisora 2n = 74 in two ecosystem types (savanna and mixed tropical monsoon forest); and on the other hand chromosome number of Nephrolepis biserrata 2n = 82 and Pteris vittata 2n = 60 at the three ecosystem type.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian tumbuhan paku ini, dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai September 2001. Identifikasi spesirnen yang dikoleksi dan pengamatan sitologi dilakukan di Herbarium Boeoriense Boeor. Tuiuan ~enelitian ini adalah untuk meneetahui keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan paku dan pola persebarannya, pada berbagai tipe ekosistern rnelalui pendekatan ekologi, morfologi, dan sitologi. ~erdasark& hasil peneliti& diperoleh 58 jenis tumbuhan paku yang tergolong dalam 36 marga yaitu : Achrosticum (1 jenis), Adiantum (5 jenis), Amphineuron (3 jenis), Asplenium (4 jenis), Athyrium (1 jenis), Belvisia (1 jenis), Botrycium (1 jenis), Ceratopteris (1 jenis), Christella (4 jenis), Ctenitis (1 jenis), Ctenopterzs (1 jenis), Cyathea (1 jenis), Davallia (2 jenis), Dennstaedtia (1 jenis), Diplazium (2 jenis), Doryopteris (1 jenis), Drynaria (2 jenis), Dryopteris (1 jenis), Gleicheniu (1 jenis), Heterogonium (1 jenis), Humata (1 jenis), Lycopodium (1 jenis), Microlepia (1 jenis), Microsorium (1 jenis), Nehprolepis (2 jenis), Oleandra (1 jenis), Platycerium (1 jenis), Pleocnemia (1 jenis), Pteris (5 jenis), Pyrrosia (1 jenis), Sellaginela (1 jenis), Selliguea (1 jenis), Sphaerostephanos (2 jenis), Tectaria (1 jenis), Trichomanes (1 jenis), dan Vittaria (1 jenis). Di Timor Barat terdapat pola variasi jenis yang beragam, pada setiap tipe ekosistem tempat diiana tumbuham paku hidup. Tipe ekosistem savana memiliki jumlah jenis yang paling sedikit (12 jenis), sedangkan tipe ekosistem hutan monsun tropis campuran merniliki jumlah jenis yang banyak (26 jenis), demikian pula pada tipe ekosistem pegunungan memiliki jumlah jenis yang paling tinggi (30 jenis). Pengamatan sitologi menunjukkan bahwa di Timor Barat perbedaan tipe ekosistem tidak mempengaruhi jumlah kromosom. Jumlah kromosom Adiantum cuneatum 2n = 60; Christellaparasitica 2n = 140; Drynaria sparsisora 2n = 74, pada dua tipe ekosistem (savana dan hutan monsun tropis campuran), sedangkan jumlah kromosorn Neprolepis biserruta 2n = 82, dun Pteris vittata 2n = 116 pada tiga tipe ekosistern (savana, hutan mosun tropis campuran dan pegunungan).
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SURAT PERNYATAAN Dengan ini, saya menyatakan bahwa Tesis dengan judul :
THE FERN OF WEST TIMOR EAST NUSA TENGGARA Adalah benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri dan belum pernah dipublikasikan oleh orang lain.
Bogor, Mei 2002
1
Maria Teresia Longa Ruma
THE FERN OF WEST TIMOR EAST NUSA TENGGARA
Thesis submitted for the Master Degree At The Graduate School Bogor Institute of Agriculture
THE POST GRADUATE PROGRAM BOGOR INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE 2002
Thesis Title
: THE FERN OF WEST TIMOR
Name Reg. Number Study Program
: Maria Teresia Longa Ruma : 99433
EAST NUSA TENGGARA : Biology I Plant Taxonomy
Appoved by Supervisor Committee
Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Edi Gubardia. MSc. Supervisor
Dr. Dedv Darnaedi, MSc. Supervisor
Day of Graduation
:
2 8 FFF
CURRICULUM VITAE
Maria Teresia Longa Ruma was born in Ngada - Flores on April 16, 1967, the fourth daughter with ten brothers from father Johanes Ruma and mother Juliana Beo. She passed her Elementary school in 1980, Junior High School (SMPK Slamet Ryadi Soa - Flores) in 1983, and Senior High School (SMAN 435 Bajawa Flores) in 1986. She was graduated from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Nusa Cendana University in Kupang in 1991. .
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In 1993, she was started working in University of Nusa Cendana Kupang as
an Lecturer. Since 1999, she received scholarship program from DUE to continue her study on Biology program, sub program Plant Taxonomy at Graduate school of Bogor Institute of Agriculture.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to record my thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Ir. Edi Guhardja, M.Sc. (IPB), Dr. Dedy Darnaedi, M.Sc. for their advices, guidance and encouragement throughout the thesis. Thank for their kindness, patience and all hard work in the correction my thesis.
I would like to thanks to Director of the Post Graduate Program of Bogor Institute of Agriculture and Head of Biological Study Program for opportunity given to me to undertake this study. I am also grateful to Dr. Irawati, Head of Herbarium Bogoriense, for granting me permission to conduct research and providing some facilities; Drs. Uway Warsita Mahyar, Ujang Hapid, Melani and all the technicians of Herbarium Bogoriense who helped me to provide the herbarium specimens, cytological observation and equipment during my work in Herbarium Bogoriense; Head of library and all librarian (mbak Rina, pak Tiyono) in the Herbarium Bogoriense who helped me to provide some literatures. I would like to thank to Rector of Nusa Cendana University, Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Nusa Cendana University in Kupang, who gave me the chance to take the Post Graduate Program. Particularly, I would like to thank to the Development for Undergraduate Education (DUE) Project through the Local Project Implementation Unit (LPIU) Undana, for giving me scholarship for a master degree at the Post Graduate Program of IPB. vii
I would like to thank to all of my friends, especially for Dra. Maria Teresia Danong,MSi, Ir. Yucundianus Lepa,MSi, Drs. Nikolaus T. Saka,MSi, Dra.Yulianthy, Kristina Moi Nono,SSi, mbak Wiwi, bu Asma, pak Darmadi, Yel, Nia, Linda, Eny, for giving me support and motivation in my study, Many thanks and love for my parents, bapa Jan and mama Juli; my father - in
- law bapa Bastian and mama Len; my sister ibu Opi, kak Sintha, Heny, pak Vinsen and his family, Wempi, Frans,Damian, Marlin, Eman, Santy, Menty; my brother - in -law ma Ona, ma Beth, ma Rick, Ellen, Yo, Emy and his family, also Rosy for moral support, praying and love along my study. My very special thank to my husband Endy and my children Sonya and Sofia for most of all his love, support, advice, and patient being there separated fiom his family and awaiting until my study was finished.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ........................................................................... ABSTRACT ................................................................ ABSTRAK ..................................................................... LEGALIZATION ................................................................ CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................ LIST OF FIGURE ................................................................ LIST OF TABLE ................................................................ INTRODUCTION ................................................................ Background ................................................................ ................................ ;. .............................. Objectives Benefits ................................................................ METHODOLOGY ................................................................ RESULT AND DISCUSSION .............................................. Introduction ......................................................................... Distribution ......................................................................... Taxonomy ......................................................................... Key to the genera of ferns in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara........ 1. Achrosticum ....................................................... 2. Adiantum ....................................................... 3. Amphineuron ....................................................... 4. Asplenium 5. Athyrium 6 . Belvisia 7. Botrycium 8. Ceratopteris 9 . Christella 10. Ctenitis 11. Ctenopteris 12. Cyathea 13. Davallia 14. Dennstaedtia 15. Diplazium 16.Doryopteris 17. Drynaria 18. Dryopteris 19. Gleichenia 20 . Heterogonium 2 1. Humata 22. Lycopodium 23. Microlepia 24. Microsorium
.i. i1 ...
111
v vi vii ix xi xii 1 1 5
5 6 9 9 15 17 17
19 20 23 25 27 28 29 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 45
25. Nephrolepis ....................................................... 26. Oleandra ....................................................... 27. Platycerium ....................................................... 28. Pleocnemia ........................................................ 29. Pteris ....................................................... 30. Pyrrosia ....................................................... 3 1 . Sellaginela ....................................................... 32. Selliguea ....................................................... 33. Sphaerostephanos ....................................................... 34. Tectaria ........................................................ 35. Trichomanes ....................................................... 36. Vittaria ................................................................ CONCLUSSION ................................................................ REFFERENCES ................................................................ APPENDIX ...............................................................
LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1. Site of Fern inventory ................................................. 8 Figure 2. Chromosome number of pteridophytes at two ecosystem types ....... 13 Figure 3. Chromosome number of pteridophytes at three ecosystem types .... 14
LIST OF TABLE Table 1. List of chromosome number of pteridophytes ..... .................. 12 Table 2. List of pteridophytes species at West Timor in the three ecosystem types ........................................................................... 15
